Ongafi: ubuciko nokuzidela ku-chess yothando

Yena 21 Juni 1858, endaweni yokudlela yaseLondon ekhanyiswa amalambu egesi, U-Adolf Anderssen no-Lionel Kieseritzky badlale umdlalo owawuzodlula ibhodi ukuze babe yinganekwane. Bekungekona ukulwela isicoco, hhayi ngisho nemali yomklomelo: Kwakuyi-duel yemibono, lapho ubuhle nokuzidela kwakuhlangene khona enqubweni yokunyakaza eyayiphikisana nezimiso zesikhathi sayo. I “Ongafi”, wayezokwaziwa kanjani kamuva, hhayi kuphela echazwe chess romanticism, kodwa kwaphakamisa umbuzo osalokhu unengqondo: Ingabe i-chess ingaba ubuciko lapho ingqondo inikezela ku-audacity??

Esikhathini lapho i- i-chess yesimanje isiqala ukwakheka ngemuva komqhudelwano waseLondon 1851, U-Anderssen noKieseritzky bahlanganisa umoya wesikole esasibeka phambili ubuciko kunokunemba. Izingcezu zakho, njengabadlali abasesiteji, Basebenzise umbhalo lapho ubungozi bekuwuhlobo lwemali. Hoy, 170 ngemva kweminyaka, I-Immortal iyaqhubeka nokufundwa hhayi kuphela ngokubaluleka kwayo kweqhinga, kodwa ngalokho elikwembulayo ngemvelo yomuntu: ikhono lokubona ngale kwalokho okusobala, Ngisho nalapho intengo ukunqotshwa.

Ibhodi njengendwangu: lapho i-chess iba izinkondlo

I-Immortal bekungewona umdlalo onqotshiwe, kodwa umsebenzi wakhulelwa. Anderssen, ngezicucu ezimhlophe, wadela umbhishobhi ekuhambeni 11, kulandelwa ama-rook amabili kanye nendlovukazi yakhe ngokushintshana 18, 22 y 23. Lawa kwakungewona amaphutha, kodwa izinqumo zibalwa ukuluka iwebhu yezinsongo uKieseritzky, emangele, ayikwazanga ukuhlehlisa. Isiphetho safika nomlingani wokuhlola owabulawa yiqhawe elithobekile kanye nombhishobhi, izingcezu ukuthi, ezandleni zika-Anderssen, bathola isisindo sevesi lokugcina.

Le ndlela, lapho ubuhle bunqoba khona umsebenzi, inezimpande ezijulile. Kuyo i-medieval chess, Le midlalo yayiwukubonakaliswa kwesimiso saphezulu, lapho ucezu ngalunye belumele i-social stratum. Anderssen, nokho, wachitha leso simboli: kokungafiyo, izingcezu ezinamandla kakhulu zawa ukuze ezithobekile kakhulu zikhanye. Ingabe lesi akusona isingathekiso sempilo ngokwayo?, lapho ukuzidela okukhulu kuvame ukwandulela impumelelo ephansi kakhulu?

Umdlalo ubuye ubuze umbono we “iphutha” ku-chess. Esikhathini samanje, izinjini zokuhlaziya ezifana ne-Stockfish zephula konke ukunyakaza ngokubanda kwezibalo, kodwa I-Immortal isikhumbuza ukuthi i-chess, engqikithini yayo, Kuyingxoxo phakathi kwezingqondo. Kieseritzky, ngokwamukela imihlatshelo ka-Anderssen, awenzanga amaphutha ezobuchwepheshe, kodwa wawela ogibeni lwengqondo: ukukholelwa ukuthi i-logic ihlezi inqoba i-intuition. Lokhu okubili kusabalulekile nanamuhla, lapho i ubuhlakani bokwenziwa buchaza kabusha imikhawulo yegeyimu, kodwa ayikwazi ukuphindaphinda inhlansi yomuntu eshintsha ukulandelana kokunyakaza kube ubuciko.

Chess romanticism: ukuvukela ukumelana nokubanda kwesikhundla

Ukuqonda Ongafi, Kuyadingeka ukuyibeka esimweni sayo somlando. Maphakathi nekhulu le-19, i-chess yayishintsha ngokuphelele. Isikole sase-Italy, ngokugcizelela kwayo ekuthuthukisweni okusheshayo nokuhlasela okuqondile, waqala ukufundisa isikole semfundo ephakeme, lokho kwabeka phambili ukwakheka kwe-pawn nokulawula isikhungo. Anderssen, nokho, Kwakuyibhuloho phakathi kwezinkathi zombili. Isitayela sakho, indlalifa kubadlali abafana URudolf Spielmann, wabonisa ukuthi i-chess ingaba kokubili isayensi nombukwane.

Ukungafi kwakuyisimemezelo sezimiso: I-Chess akufanele ibe umsebenzi wokubala omile, kodwa ukubonakaliswa kokusungula. Ezweni lapho i-Industrial Revolution yaqala khona ukwenza ukuphila kwansuku zonke ngomshini, U-Anderssen nabantu besikhathi sakhe basebenzisa ibhodi ukubuyisa umuntu. Hoy, lapho ubuchwepheshe busongela ukwenza i-homogenize ngisho nemidlalo yengqondo, ongafiyo usimema ukuba sizibuze: Silahlekelwa yini uma sidela ubuhle ngenxa yokusebenza kahle??

Lo mbuzo uthinta ikakhulukazi emkhakheni wezemfundo.. Emazweni afana ne-Armenia, lapho i-chess iyisihloko esiyimpoqo, Ayifundiswa nje njengethuluzi lokuthuthukisa ukucabanga okunengqondo, kodwa njengendlela yokukhuthaza ubuciko. Ongafi, ngalo mqondo, kuyisikhumbuzo sokuthi i-chess ingaba imoto yokuhlola isimo somuntu, hhayi nje umdlalo wengqondo.

Umhlatshelo njengesenzo sokholo: i-psychology ngemuva kwe-Immortal

Lady umhlatshelo ekuhambeni 23 es, nakanjani, uvuthondaba lomdlalo. U-Anderssen ulethe ucezu lwakhe olunamandla hhayi ngoba ubale okuhlukile ngakunye kwaze kwaba sekugcineni, kodwa ngoba wayethembe intuition yakhe. Lokhu kugxuma kokholo yikho okuhlukanisa abadlali abakhulu nabanekhono nje.. Ku-chess yesimanje, lapho izinjini ze-analytics zisuse okuningi okuyimfihlakalo, i-Immortal isalokhu iyisibani kulabo abakholelwa ukuthi igeyimu idlula okuhlukile okubanjwe ngekhanda.

Kieseritzky, ngokwengxenye yakhe, imele umdlali ophusile obhekene nongenangqondo. Iphutha lakho belingelona elobuchwepheshe, sino conceptual: ucabange ukuthi u-Anderssen wayelandela imithetho yomdlalo lapho, Empeleni, Bengizibhala kabusha. Lokhu ashukumisayo kuyaphindwa ekuphileni kwansuku zonke, lapho sivame ukunamathela ukwaziwa ngisho nalapho esingaziwa inikeza amathuba. Ongafiyo usifundisa lokho, ngezinye izikhathi, Kufanele ushise amabhuloho ukuze uthole izindlela ezintsha.

Lesi sifundo sibaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni lapho ubuhlakani nokucabanga okusemaceleni Lawa ngamakhono adingeka kakhulu.. Izinkampani ezifana ne-Google ne-Apple zazisa abasebenzi abakwaziyo “cabanga ngaphandle kwebhodi”, ukukhuluma kanjalo. Ongafi, kulo mongo, Kuyimanuwali yokusungula: ikhombisa indlela yokwephula imithetho ngaphandle kokuyicekela phansi.

Ifa Lokungafi: kungani iqhubeka nokugqugquzela 170 ngemva kweminyaka

I-Immortal ayizange nje isinde ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kodwa yaba uphawu. Ithonya lakhe lidlulela ngalé kwe-chess, abaculi abakhuthazayo, ababhali namafilosofi. ezincwadini, Ngokwesibonelo, i-chess isetshenziswe njengesingathekiso sempilo, amandla namasu. Ukuhamba kuka-Anderssen noKieseritzky, ngenhlanganisela yobuhle nezinxushunxushu, ihlanganisa lokhu okubili. Akuyona into engaqondakali ukuthi isebenza kanjani “I-Queen's Gambit” nguWalter Tevis, ilethwe esikrinini ngabakwaNetflix, bathole ku-chess yothando inhlabathi evundile yokuhlola izingqikithi ezinjengomhlatshelo nokuhlengwa.

ebhayisikobho, I-Immortal idalwe kabusha izikhathi eziningi, hhayi kuphela ngokubaluleka kwayo komlando, kodwa ngenxa yekhono layo lokudlulisa imizwa. Umdlalo we-chess, uma udlala ngalo mfutho, iba idrama encane, lapho konke ukunyakaza kuyisenzo sentando. Le khwalithi yokulandisa iyona evumele i-chess ukuthi yeqe isimo sayo njengomdlalo ukuze ibe a ulimi lomhlaba wonke.

Kepha ifa elijule kakhulu le-Immortal kungaba amandla akhe okusikhumbuza leyo chess, ngendlela emsulwa, Kuyingxoxo phakathi kwemiqondo emibili. Ezweni lapho ubuchwepheshe busongela ukusihlukanisa, Ongafi usimema ukuthi siphinde sixhumane naleyo ngqikithi yomuntu. Akukona ukushaya imbangi yakho, kodwa ukukuzwisisa, ukulindela ukunyakaza kwabo futhi, ekugcineni, ukudala okuthile ndawonye, nasebunzimeni.

Hoy, lapho izinjini ze-chess zingabala izigidi zezikhundla ngomzuzwana, I-Immortal ihlala iyisikhumbuzo sokuthi umdlalo awuyona nje inkinga yezibalo, kodwa ukubonakaliswa kobuntu bethu. U-Anderssen akawinanga ngoba ubehamba phambili ekubaleni, kodwa ngoba wayenesibindi. Ezweni eligcwele ukusebenza kahle, Lesi sifundo sibaluleke kakhulu kunangaphambili..

Isiphetho: Ukungafi njengesibuko sokuqina kwethu

Umdlalo phakathi kuka-Anderssen noKieseritzky kwakungewona nje umzuzu womqhele we-chess yothando, kodwa i-manifesto mayelana nenani lokusungula emhlabeni ovame ukuvuza ukuvumelana. Hoy, lapho ubuhlakani bokwenziwa kanye nama-algorithms kubusa ingxenye enkulu yempilo yethu yansuku zonke, Ukungafi kusibekela inselele ukuba sizibuze: Yini esizimisele ukuyidela ngenxa yobuhle?? Yiziphi izingozi esizimisele ukuzithatha ukuze senze into edlula okujwayelekile??

i-chess, njengempilo, Umdlalo wesinqumo. Ongafiyo usifundisa lokho, ngezinye izikhathi, izinqumo ezingcono kakhulu aziphephile, kodwa lezo ezisivumela ukuthi sibone ngale kwebhodi. Ezweni lapho kubusa ukubikezela, Isibindi sika-Anderssen sihlala siyisibani. Kungenzeka, lapho efunda ukuhamba kwakhe, singagcini nje ngokuthuthukisa umdlalo wethu, kodwa nathi asifunde ukuphila ngesibindi esengeziwe.

Ngokuzayo lapho uhlala phambi kwebhodi, khumbula: awuhambi nje izicucu. Ubamba iqhaza engxoxweni eyaqala emakhulwini eminyaka edlule, lapho yonke imihlatshelo, yonke imidlalo, Umbuzo owuphonsa endaweni yonke. Ukungafi akuwona nje umdlalo; Kuyisimemo sokudlala ngenhliziyo yakho, hhayi ngengqondo kuphela.