I-Chess yabantu abadala: isayensi ngemuva kwencwadi kadokotela

Cabanga ngebhodi 64 izikwele lapho ukunyakaza ngakunye kunganyakazi kuphela izingcezu zokhuni, kodwa ivula amanethiwekhi e-neural, ukubambezeleka kokuncipha kwengqondo futhi kwakha ukuxhumana nomphakathi esigabeni sokuphila lapho isizungu sivame ukuzuza khona. i-chess, lowomdlalo wasendulo osebenze njengesingathekiso sempi, ipolitiki ngisho nothando, isibe incwadi yezokwelapha engabhaliwe yabantu abadala. Kodwa, kungani izazi zezinzwa, odokotela bezifo zabesifazane kanye nezazi zokusebenza kwengqondo batusa ngokuphikelelayo? Impendulo ayikho ku-checkmate, kodwa ekuthuleni phakathi kokunyakaza, ngesineke umdlalo ngamunye osidingayo naseplastikini yobuchopho evusayo. Lesi sihloko sihlola izizathu zesayensi, kwezenhlalo nangokomzwelo ngemuva kwalesi sidakamizwa esingavamile, lapho inkosi ingekho khona, kodwa inqubo.

I-Chess njengendawo yokuzivocavoca kwengqondo: neuroplasticity kubantu asebekhulile

Ubuchopho bomuntu, ngisho nasebudaleni, igcina ikhono elimangalisayo lokuzihlela kabusha futhi yakhe ukuxhumana okusha kwe-neuronal: i-neuroplasticity. Nokho, leli khono liba nama-atrophies ngaphandle kwezisusa ezanele. Yilapho i-chess ingena khona esithombeni njenge- umqeqeshi womuntu siqu okwengqondo. Ucwaningo olushicilelwe ku I-New England Journal of Medicine uveze ukuthi abantu abadala asebekhulile abenza imisebenzi edinga ingqondo, njenge-chess, kuncishiswe ngo a 63% ingozi yokuba nokuwohloka komqondo. Kodwa, Yini ephathelene nalo mdlalo eyenza uphumelele kangaka??

Isihluthulelo sisebunjalo bayo be-multidimensional. Umdlalo ngamunye udinga inkumbulo (khumbula ukuvuleka namaphethini), ukubala (lindela imidlalo), ubuhlakani (akhe ezinye izinhlelo) kanye nokwenza izinqumo ngaphansi kwengcindezi. Le misebenzi ngesikhathi esisodwa yenza i-prefrontal cortex isebenze, i-hippocampus kanye ne-parietal lobe, izindawo ezibalulekile zokuqonda. Ngaphandle kwalokho, I-Chess iphoqa abadlali ukuthi bashintshane phakathi kokucabanga okuguquguqukayo (egxile ekuxazululeni izinkinga ezisheshayo) kanye nehlukene (hlola izixazululo eziningi), ukuzivocavoca okuqinisa ukuguquguquka kwengqondo. Ukujula ezindleleni zesayensi ngemuva kwalezi zinzuzo, Sikumema ukuthi uhlole indatshana yethu ku chess kubantu abadala: isayensi ngemuva kwencwadi kadokotela.

Kodwa i-chess ayivimbeli kuphela ukuwohloka; ungakwazi futhi ukukuhlehlisa. Abacwaningi baseNyuvesi yaseCalifornia babonise ukuthi abantu abadala asebekhulile abanokukhubazeka okuncane kwengqondo ababambe iqhaza ohlelweni lwe-chess izinyanga eziyisithupha bathuthukise inkumbulo yabo yokusebenza kanye nesivinini sokucubungula.. Umdlalo usebenza njenge-a i-puente phakathi kwalokho ubuchopho obuvele bukwazi nalokho obungakufunda, ukwenza lula ukudluliswa kwamakhono ezimweni zansuku zonke, indlela yokukhumbula izindlela zokupheka noma ukuphatha izimali.

Ibhodi njengekhambi lesizungu nokucindezeleka

Isizungu kubantu asebekhulile asiyona nje indaba engokomzwelo; kuyingozi engozini yezifo zenhliziyo, isifo sikashukela kanye nokudangala. Ngokusho kweWorld Health Organisation, yena 20% abantu abadala asebekhulile emhlabeni bahlushwa ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo, futhi isizungu singesinye sezimbangela eziyinhloko. i-chess, kulo mongo, isebenza njenge i-social catalyst.

Emakilabhuni e-chess, emakhaya asebekhulile noma ngisho nasemapaki omphakathi, ibhodi liba yindawo yomhlangano. Ngokungafani neminye imisebenzi yeqembu, i-chess ayidingi amakhono angokwenyama, okwenza ifinyeleleke kubantu abahamba kancane. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ikhuthaza ukusebenzelana okunenjongo: abadlali ababili bangachitha amahora ngokuthula, kodwa lokho kuthula kugcwele ukuhambisana, isu kanye, phezu kwakho konke, ukuxhumana kwabantu. Ucwaningo lwase-Oxford University luthole ukuthi abantu abadala asebekhulile ababambe iqhaza emidlalweni yamabhodi, ikakhulukazi i-chess, kubika amazinga aphansi okudangala kanye nomuzwa omkhulu wokuba uthile.

I-Chess iphinde inikeze a umuzwa wenhloso. Esigabeni sempilo lapho abaningi bezwa ukuthi usizo lwabo selunciphile, umdlalo ubanikeza ukulawula emuva. Umdlalo ngamunye uyithuba lokukhombisa ukuthi ingqondo isasebenza, ukuthi izinqumo zibalulekile nokuthi, noma umzimba uguga, ikhono lokucabanga, ukuhlela nokuncintisana kuhlala kunjalo. Ukuze uqonde ukuthi i-chess ingaba kanjani ithuluzi lokwelapha ezimweni eziyinkimbinkimbi nakakhulu, Indlela yokwelapha ukucindezeleka kubantu abasha, Sincoma ukuthi ufunde isihloko sethu ku chess yokwelapha: ukuthi isiza kanjani abantu abasha abanokucindezeleka.

Isu nokuqina: izifundo ze-chess zokuphila kwansuku zonke

I-Chess akuwona nje umdlalo; yin a isingathekiso sempilo, nasebakhulile, Lesi singathekiso sithatha incazelo ekhethekile. Umdlalo ngamunye ufundisa ukuthi izinqumo zinemiphumela, ukuthi ukubekezela kuyimfanelo nokuthi, ngisho nasezimweni ezibonakala zingenathemba, kukhona njalo ukunyakaza okungenzeka. Lezi zifundo zibaluleke kakhulu kubantu abadala asebekhulile ababhekene nezinguquko ezinkulu.: umhlalaphansi, ukulahlekelwa abathandekayo noma ukugula okungapheli.

Umqondo oyinhloko we-chess uwukuthi zugzwang, isimo lapho noma yikuphi ukunyakaza kwenza isikhundla somdlali sibe sibi, kodwa ukungahambi akuyona inketho. empilweni yangempela, Abantu abadala asebekhulile bavame ukuzithola besezimweni ezifanayo: Kumelwe bazivumelanise nobuchwepheshe obusha, ukuba nesizungu noma ukuncika, nakuba kungekho nketho ekhululekile kubo. I-Chess ibafundisa ukuhlola ubungozi, ukwamukela ukuthi awukwazi ukunqoba njalo futhi uthole ukwaneliseka ohlelweni, hhayi kumphumela kuphela.

Ngaphandle kwalokho, umdlalo uyakhuthaza ukuqina. Ukulahlekelwa umdlalo akukona ukwehluleka, kodwa ithuba lokuhlaziya amaphutha nokwenza ngcono. Lesi simo sengqondo sibalulekile ebudaleni, lapho ukwehluleka (njengokukhohlwa igama noma ukukhubeka) kungadala ukukhungatheka nokukhathazeka. I-Chess ijwayele ukwenza iphutha njengengxenye yokufunda, okuthile kwengqondo kwengqondo okuye kwabonisa ukunciphisa ukucindezeleka nokuthuthukisa ukuzethemba. Uma unentshisekelo yokuthi i-chess ingaba kanjani isibuko sokuphila kwansuku zonke, ungayeki ukufunda chess empilweni: izifundo ukwenza izinqumo ezingcono.

I-Chess njengebhuloho lezizukulwane

Esinye sezici ezinhle kakhulu ze-chess yikhono layo lokuhlanganisa izizukulwane. Ezweni lapho izikhala zobuchwepheshe nezamasiko zivame ukuhlukanisa ogogo nomkhulu nabazukulu, ibhodi liba a ulimi lomhlaba wonke. Iminyaka akusho lutho, ulimi noma ulwazi: wonke umuntu udlala ngemithetho efanayo.

Lokhu kuxhumana kwezizukulwane kunezinzuzo ezifanayo. Kwabadala abadala, Ukudlala nezingane noma abantu abasha kubenza bazizwe bebalulekile, wabelane ngokuhlakanipha kwakho futhi uhlale unolwazi lwakamuva nezizukulwane ezintsha. Komncane, i-chess yithuba lokufunda ukubekezela, isu kanye, phezu kwakho konke, lalela. Ucwaningo lwase-Harvard University lwathola ukuthi izingane ezidlala i-chess nogogo nomkhulu bazo zaba nozwela olukhulu namakhono okuxhumana nabantu..

Ngaphandle kwalokho, i-chess ingaba ithuluzi lokudlulisa amanani. Emasikweni amaningi, umdlalo usetshenziselwe ukufundisa izifundo ngempilo: ukubaluleka kokuhlela, ukubaluleka kokuzithoba nokuhlonipha ophikisana naye. Ezweni eliya ngokuya lithanda umuntu ngamunye, Lezi zifundo zidingeka kakhulu kunangaphambili.. Uma ufuna ukuhlola ukuthi i-chess ingaba kanjani ibhuloho phakathi kogogo nomkhulu nabazukulu, sikumema ukuthi ufunde i-chess: ibhuloho elihlanganisa ogogo nomkhulu nabazukulu ngaphandle kwamagama.

I-Chess ekusebenzeni komtholampilo: kusukela emakhaya asebekhulile kuya ezibhedlela

Izinzuzo ze-chess kubantu abadala asebekhulile azizange ziqashelwe umphakathi wezokwelapha. Emazweni afana neSpain, Cuba kanye Argentina, Umdlalo uhlanganiswe ezinhlelweni zokuvuselela ingqondo kanye nezokwelapha emsebenzini. Emakhaya asebekhulile, Imidlalo ye-chess ijwayelekile njengezikhathi zokwelashwa ngokomzimba, nakwezinye izibhedlela, Isetshenziswa njengomsizi ekwelapheni izifo ze-neurodeergenerative.

Icala eliphawulekayo yileli Isibhedlela sase-Sant Pau e-Barcelona, lapho i-chess isetshenziswa njengendlela yokwelapha engeyona eyekhemisi ezigulini ze-Alzheimer's. Imiphumela iyakhuthaza: Iziguli ezibamba iqhaza kumaseshini e-chess zibonisa ukuthuthuka kwesikhathi sazo sokunaka kanye nokuncipha kwezimpawu zokuyaluza.. Umdlalo usebenza njenge-a ihange okwenkumbulo, ukusiza iziguli zikhumbule ukunyakaza, amasu ngisho nemizwa ehambisana nemidlalo edlule.

ECuba, I-Chess ibiyingxenye yezifundo zesikole kusukela ngaleso sikhathi 1961, kodwa iphinde yasetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zabantu abadala. I Isikole se-Cuban Chess isungule izindlela eziqondile zalesi sibalo sabantu, igxile ekukhuthazeni ingqondo kanye nokuxhumana nabantu. Lezi zinhlelo zibonise ukuthi i-chess ayithuthukisi inkumbulo kuphela, kodwa futhi kunciphisa ukukhathazeka futhi kuthuthukise izinga lokulala. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nokuthi i-chess isetshenziswa kanjani emakhaya asebekhulile nasezikhungweni zokuvuselela, sincoma isihloko sethu chess emakhaya asebekhulile: ukwelashwa okuvuselela inkumbulo nenjabulo.

Isiphetho: i-chess njengefilosofi yempilo

I-Chess ayilona ikhambi eliyisimangaliso, kodwa iyithuluzi elinamandla lokuthuthukisa izinga lempilo yabantu asebekhulile. Inani layo langempela alikho ku-checkmate, kodwa ezinqubweni iyasebenza: inkumbulo, ukuhlalisana kwabantu, ukuqina nokuxhumana phakathi kwezizukulwane. Ezweni elivame ukubandlulula abantu abadala, ibhodi libanika emuva isikhala lapho isipiliyoni sabo, Isineke nokuhlakanipha kwakho akwaziswa nje kuphela, kodwa kuyadingeka.

Odokotela bayayincoma ngoba sebeyibonile imiphumela yayo: ubuchopho beshesha ngaphezulu, imizwa ezinzile kanye nezimpilo ezigcwele. Kodwa i-chess nayo iyisimemo sokucabanga kabusha ngokuguga. Akukhona ukumelana nokuhamba kwesikhathi, kodwa ukuthola izindlela ezintsha zokukhula, funda futhi uxhumane. Kumdlalo ngamunye, abadala asebekhulile abamane banyakaze izingcezu; hambisa imingcele, Baphonsela inselelo imibono engaguquki futhi bakhombise ukuthi ingqondo, njenge-chess, akanayo iminyaka.

Uma le ndatshana ikugqugquzele ukuthi uhlole i-chess njengethuluzi lenhlalakahle, Sikumema ukuthi uthole okwengeziwe mayelana nokuthi ukudlala kungaba yisiphephelo ezikhathini zokukhathazeka esihlokweni sethu i-chess: isiphephelo ekukhathazekeni komhlaba. Kungani, ekupheleni, i-chess akuwona nje umdlalo; Kuyindlela yokuphila.