Chess against mhirizhonga: zviitiko chaizvo muLatin America

Munzvimbo dzakadzika dzeLatin America, uko migwagwa inowanzova nzvimbo yechisimba uye kusava netariro, mutambo wekare urikubuda sechombo cheshanduko yemagariro. chess, naye 64 mabhokisi ekufananidzira nezvidimbu, haingodzidzisi nzira uye moyo murefu, asi zvakare inopa imwe nzira yekubudisira kune vechidiki vari panjodzi, kuvabvisa muurombo nehutsotsi. Ichi chinyorwa chinoongorora kuti bhodhi rave sei nhandare yehondo ine runyararo, apo pfungwa dzinokwikwidzana panzvimbo pomuviri, uye apo kufamba kwese kunogona kuva chidzidzo chehupenyu.

Chess semushonga wemhirizhonga: humbowo uye nyaya chaidzo

MuMedellin, Korombiya, iye Isolated Pawn Club yakaratidza kuti chess inogona kuva zambuko rekubatanazve munharaunda. Yakatangwa mukati 2015, Ichi chirongwa chinoshanda nevechidiki vanobva munzvimbo dzakaita seLa Comuna 13, uko mhirizhonga yemumaguta yakasiya mavanga akadzama. Maererano nekuongorora kwakaitwa neYunivhesiti yeAntioquia, vatori vechikamu muzvirongwa zve chess vakaderedza kuratidzwa kwavo kunzvimbo dzechisimba ne 40% mushure memwedzi mitanhatu yekudzidziswa. Chinokosha hakusi kungodzidza kuvhura kana mazano, asi mukuisa mukati maitiro akadai sekuranga, kuronga nekuremekedza mitemo.

MuBrazil, chirongwa “Chess muFavelas” yakatora matafura kunharaunda dzakaita seComplexo do Alemão, muRio de Janeiro. Uko, chess inodzidziswa sedimikira rehupenyu: chidimbu chimwe nechimwe chinomiririra basa revanhu, nemutambo wese, mukana wekuita zvisarudzo zvine musoro. Mhedzisiro yacho inobatika: mu 2023, iye 78% vevechidiki vakapinda mumakwikwi emunharaunda vakashuma kuderera kwekutora kwavo chikamu mumabasa eutsotsi. Aya data haana kuparadzaniswa. MuEl Salvador, Hurumende yakaita zvirongwa zvechesi muzvikoro zvehurumende senzira yekurwisa zvikwata zvematsotsi. Maererano neBazi Redzidzo, vadzidzi vanoita chess vanoratidza a 30% kashoma kutorwa nemapoka ematsotsi.

Asi, nei chess ichikanganisa? Mhinduro iri mumagadzirirwo ayo chaiwo.. Mutambo unoda concentration, kufunga kwakadzama uye kugona kutarisira mhedzisiro, hunyanzvi hunopesana zvakanyanya nekukasira kunoenderana nemhirizhonga. Besides, chess inowedzera kuzviremekedza: munzvimbo umo mikana iri shoma, kuhwina mutambo kunogona kuva kukunda kunobatika kwokutanga kwevechiduku. Sezvinoratidzwa nenyanzvi yepfungwa Vladimir Rašković, piyona mu therapeutic chess, “bhodhi igirazi repfungwa. Inodzidzisa kuti zvisarudzo zvine mhedzisiro uye izvo, nokushivirira, mamiriro ezvinhu akaipa anogona kuchinjwa”.

Kubva padzidziso kusvika pakuita: Zvirongwa izvi zvinofambiswa sei?

Kubudirira kwechess munzvimbo dzakadzikama hakubvi pakudzidzisa kwayo chete, asi kuti inobatanidza sei munharaunda. MuMedellin, Semuyenzaniso, Mawekishopu haana kugumira kuzvidzidzo zvehunyanzvi. Zvinosanganiswa nehurukuro dzekugadzirisa kusawirirana uye mitambo yevakidzani yakarongwa inosimudzira kugarisana.. “Chess hausi mutambo chete; Icho chikonzero chekugadzika vechidiki kubva muzvikamu zvakasiyana patafura imwechete”, anotsanangura kudaro Juan Carlos Díaz, murongi weIsolated Peon Club. Iyi nzira yakadzokororwa mune mamwe maguta akadai seBogotá neCali, kwazvakasikwa chess makirabhu munzvimbo dzenharaunda uye mumaraibhurari eruzhinji.

MuMexico, chirongwa “Chess for Peace” yaendesa mutambo kunzvimbo dzakaita seTepito, muMexico City, nokunyika dzaitongwa neCiudhadhi Juárez. Here, nzira yacho inotonyanya kuvandudza: mabhodhi makuru anoshandiswa munzvimbo dzeruzhinji kukwezva vechidiki uye vaimbove nhengo dzechikwata vanokokwa kuti vataure zvakaitika kwavari. “Chess inovapa imwe rondedzero. Pane kuti vazvione sevari kutambudzwa kana kuti vatadzi, vanozviona sevanoronga mazano”, comments Ana López, muvambi weprojekiti. Iyi modhi yekupindira yakatsigirwa neUNESCO, kuti mu 2022 chess yakaziva sechishandiso chekuvaka runyararo mumamiriro emhirizhonga emudhorobha.

Zvisinei, Haasi ese mapurogiramu anobudirira zvakaenzana.. Kugara kunonetsa nguva dzose. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, Zvirongwa zvinoenderana nevanozvipira kana mari yekunze, iyo inoganhura chiyero chayo. Besides, kuramba tsika kunogona kuva chipingamupinyi: mune dzimwe nharaunda, chess inoonekwa semutambo “elite” o “bored”. Kukunda izvi, varongi vakagadzirisa chimiro, kubatanidza zvinhu zvekutandara zvakaita sespeed chess kana mitambo ine mabheti ekufananidzira. “Chinangwa hachisi chokudzidzisa vadzidzisi vakuru, asi vagari vemo”, López anoti.

The cognitive and emotional impact: kunze kwebhodhi

Zvakanakira chess mumamiriro akaganhurirwa zvinopfuura kuderedzwa kwechisimba. Neuroscientific zvidzidzo, sezvataurwa pamusoro chess mune dzidzo, ratidza kuti mutambo unokurudzira nzvimbo dzehuropi dzine chekuita nekuyeuka, kuisa pfungwa uye kuita zvisarudzo. Munharaunda umo kuwana dzidzo kwakaganhurirwa, chess inoita sea “gym yepfungwa” kuwanikwa uye mutengo wakaderera.

MuArgentina, chirongwa “Chess muVillas” yakanyora kuvandudzwa kunokosha mukupasa kwevatori vechikamu kuchikoro. Maererano neshumo kubva kuBazi reDzidzo yeBuenos Aires, Vana vanotamba chess vanogara vachiwana a 25% vangangopasa masvomhu nehunyanzvi hwemutauro. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuti chess inodzidzisa kufunga nenzira yakarongeka., hunyanzvi hunoendeswa kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzeruzivo. “Haasi mashiripiti; isayenzi. Chess inodzidzisa huropi kugadzirisa matambudziko zvakarongeka”, anotsanangura neuroscientist Facundo Manes, chirongwa chipangamazano.

Asi zvichida tapuro yakadzama zvikuru ndeiya yemirangariro.. Munzvimbo dzine mhirizhonga zuva nezuva, chess inopa nzvimbo yekudzikama uye kufungisisa. “Kana mwana akagara pamberi pebhodhi, Kwechinguva kanganwa ruzha rwemabara kana nzara. Unoisa pfungwa pane chimwe chinhu chinotsamira papfungwa dzako chete”, Diaz anoti. Uku kuputsika kwepfungwa kwakakosha mumamiriro ekushushikana kusingaperi, uko kunetseka uye kuora mwoyo kwakajairika. Saizvozvo, mapurojekiti akadai “Therapeutic Chess” muColombia vakashandisa mutambo uyu kurapa chirwere chepfungwa chinoparirwa nevanotambudzwa vechidiki.

Matambudziko nekutsoropodza: Ko chess mhinduro chaiyo?

Pasinei nemigumisiro yakanaka, Chess sechishandiso cheshanduko yemagariro haina kusunungurwa kubva mukutsoropodzwa. Dzimwe nyanzvi dzedzidzo dzinopikisa kuti kukanganisa kwayo kune zvishoma kana ikasaperekedzwa nemitemo yakazara yeruzhinji inogadzirisa zvinokonzeresa mhirizhonga., zvakadai sehurombo nekushaikwa kwemikana. “Chess inogona kuva chigamba, asi kwete mhinduro. Kana pasina basa, dzidzo yehutano kana kuchengetedza, mhedzisiro yacho ichava yenguva pfupi”, anonyevera nyanzvi yezvemagariro evanhu María Fernanda González, kubva kuNational University yeColombia.

Kumwe kushoropodza kwakajairika ndeyekuti zvirongwa zve slum chess zvinowanzoita zvega., pasina nzira yenyika inovimbisa kuenderera mberi kwayo. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, Zvirongwa zvinoenderana nezvido zvevatungamiri venharaunda kana masangano asiri ehurumende, zvichiita kuti vatadze kuchinjwa nezvematongerwo enyika kana kuderedzwa kwebhajeti. “Tinoda chess kuti ive chikamu chemitemo yenyika, kwete kubva kuchirongwa chekuyedza”, Diaz anodaro.

Besides, Pane njodzi yekuti chess ichashandiswa sechombo chekutonga kwevanhu. Mune dzimwe nyika, Hurumende dzehurumende dzakakurudzira kubhejera sechimiro che “vhiringidza” kune vechidiki kubva kumatambudziko ezvematongerwo enyika kana evanhu. “Chess haifanire kunge iri opium. Simba rawo nderekuti rinopa simba, kwete mune zvinokushayisa hope”, González anoti. Kunzvenga izvi, Mapurojekiti akabudirira kwazvo anosanganisa chess nekodzero dzevanhu uye misangano yekutora chikamu mugari.

Ramangwana re chess muLatin America: kune yakazara zano

Iko kugona kwe chess kuderedza mhirizhonga munzvimbo dzakadzikama hazvirambike, asi kubudirira kwayo kwenguva refu kunoenderana nekuti inosanganiswa sei mumazano akawandisa. MuLatin America, dzimwe nyika dziri kutora matanho munzira iyi. MuUruguay, Semuyenzaniso, Chess chave chidzidzo chesarudzo muzvikoro zveveruzhinji kubvira 2018, uye muCuba, Mutambo uyu wanga uri chikamu chedzidzo yechikoro kubva kuma1970. 1960. Aya mamodheru anogona kudzokororwa kune dzimwe nyika, chero bedzi vachichinjira kuzvinoitika zvomunzvimbomo.

Mumwe mukana uri mu digitalization. Mapuratifomu akaita seLichess neChess.com ane democratized kuwana chess, kubvumira vechidiki kubva kunzvimbo dzezvitangwena kukwikwidza nevatambi vanobva pasirese. MuMedellin, iye chess online kwave kuchikosha pakuchengetedza kufarira kwevechiduku, kunyanya panguva yedenda. “Bhodhi remuviri rakakosha, asi digital inovhura magonhi. Mwana muLa Commune anogona kutamba achipesana nemudzidzisi mukuru muRussia”, Diaz anoti.

Pakupedzisira, chess inofanira kuonekwa sechikamu cheecosystem yeshanduko yemagariro. Zvirongwa zvakadai “Chess for Peace” muMexico vakaratidza kuti mutambo unogona kuva zambuko kune mimwe mikana, senge dzidzo yekudzidzira kana mabasa muchikamu chetekinoroji. “Chess haisi iyo mhinduro, asi imbeu. Kana yadiridzwa nedzidzo, mabasa nemitemo yeruzhinji, inogona kutumbuka”, anopedzisa López.

Mukondinendi umo mhirizhonga yemumaguta inoramba iri imwe yenjodzi huru kubudiriro, Chess inobuda sechinhu chisingatarisirwi asi chine simba. Uyu hausi mutambo usina mhosva, asi yezano rekupikisa: mumutambo wese, vechidiki vanodzidza kuti ramangwana harina kunyorwa, uye?, nekufamba kwese, vanogona kuchinja mararamiro avo.