Chess motsutsana ndi chiwawa: zochitika zenizeni ku Latin America

M'madera akumidzi a Latin America, kumene kaŵirikaŵiri misewu ndi malo achiwawa ndi opanda chiyembekezo, masewera akale akutuluka ngati chida chosinthira chikhalidwe cha anthu. chess, ndi wake 64 mabokosi ophiphiritsa ndi zidutswa, sikuti amangophunzitsa njira ndi kuleza mtima, komanso amapereka njira ina kwa achinyamata omwe ali pachiwopsezo, kuwachotsa ku umphawi ndi umbanda. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza momwe gululi lakhalira malo omenyera nkhondo amtendere, kumene maganizo amapikisana mmalo mwa thupi, ndi kumene kuyenda kulikonse kungakhale phunziro la moyo.

Chess ngati mankhwala achiwawa: umboni ndi milandu yeniyeni

Ku Medellin, Colombia, iye Isolated Pawn Club zawonetsa kuti chess ikhoza kukhala mlatho wolumikizananso ndi anthu. Anakhazikitsidwa mu 2015, Ntchitoyi imagwira ntchito ndi achinyamata ochokera kumadera monga La Comuna 13, kumene chiwawa cha m’tauni chasiya zizindikiro zazikulu. Malinga ndi kafukufuku wa University of Antioquia, otenga nawo gawo pamapulogalamu a chess adachepetsa mawonekedwe awo kumadera achiwawa ndi a 40% pambuyo pa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi ya maphunziro. Chofunika sikungophunzira mipata kapena machenjerero, koma pakukhazikitsa mfundo zamkati monga kulanga, kukonzekera ndi kulemekeza malamulo.

Ku Brazil, polojekiti “Chess mu Favelas” yatenga matebulo kumadera ngati Complexo do Alemão, ku Rio de Janeiro. Apo, chess amaphunzitsidwa ngati fanizo la moyo: chidutswa chilichonse chimayimira gawo lachitukuko, ndi masewera aliwonse, mwayi wopanga zisankho zozindikira. Zotsatira zake ndi zowoneka: mu 2023, iye 78% Achinyamata omwe adachita nawo masewera am'deralo adanenanso za kuchepa kwawo m'zochitika zaupandu. Izi sizili paokha. Ku El Salvador, Boma lakhazikitsa mapologalamu a chess m’sukulu za boma monga njira imodzi yothanirana ndi zigawenga. Malinga ndi unduna wa zamaphunziro, ophunzira omwe amachita chess amasonyeza a 30% mosakayika kulembedwa ndi magulu aupandu.

Koma, chifukwa chiyani chess imakhala ndi izi?? Yankho lagona pa kamangidwe kake.. Masewerawa amafuna kukhazikika, kuganiza mozama komanso kuthekera koyembekezera zotsatira, maluso omwe amasiyana kwambiri ndi kutengeka komwe kumakhudzana ndi chiwawa. Komanso, chess imalimbikitsa kudzidalira: m'malo omwe mwayi uli wochepa, kupambana masewera kungakhale chipambano choyamba chogwirika cha wachinyamata. Monga momwe katswiri wa zamaganizo Vladimir Rašković akunenera, painiya mu achire chess, “bolodi ndi galasi la malingaliro. Amaphunzitsa kuti zosankha zimakhala ndi zotsatira zake, moleza mtima, zovuta zikhoza kuthetsedwa”.

Kuchokera pamalingaliro mpaka kuchita: Kodi mapulogalamuwa amakwaniritsidwa bwanji?

Kuchita bwino kwa chess m'madera akumidzi sikudalira chiphunzitso chake, koma momwe zimalumikizirana ndi anthu ammudzi. Ku Medellin, Mwachitsanzo, Maphunzirowa samangokhala maphunziro aukadaulo. Zimaphatikizidwa ndi zokambirana za kuthetsa mikangano ndipo masewera apakati pa oyandikana nawo amakonzedwa omwe amalimbikitsa kukhalirana pamodzi.. “Chess si masewera chabe; Ndi chifukwa chokhalira achinyamata ochokera m'magawo osiyanasiyana pa tebulo limodzi”, akufotokoza motero Juan Carlos Díaz, wogwirizira wa Isolated Peon Club. Njirayi yabwerezedwanso m'mizinda ina monga Bogotá ndi Cali, kumene iwo analengedwa makalabu a chess m'malo opezeka anthu ambiri komanso m'malo owerengera anthu onse.

Ku Mexico, polojekiti “Chess for Peace” yatengera masewerawa kumadera ngati Tepito, ku Mexico City, ndi kumidzi ya Ciudad Juárez. Pano, njirayo ndi yatsopano kwambiri: matabwa akuluakulu amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mabwalo a anthu kuti akope achinyamata ndipo omwe kale anali achifwamba amapemphedwa kuti afotokoze zomwe akumana nazo. “Chess amawapatsa nkhani ina. M’malo modziona ngati ozunzidwa kapena olakwa, amadziona ngati akatswiri”, ndemanga Ana López, woyambitsa polojekitiyi. Njira yolowererayi yathandizidwa ndi UNESCO, kuti mu 2022 anazindikira chess ngati chida chopangira mtendere m'mizinda yachiwawa.

Komabe, Sikuti mapulogalamu onse amachita bwino mofanana.. Kukhazikika ndizovuta nthawi zonse. Nthawi zambiri, Ntchito zimadalira anthu odzipereka kapena ndalama zakunja, zomwe zimalepheretsa kukula kwake. Komanso, kukana chikhalidwe kungakhale chopinga: m'madera ena, chess imawonedwa ngati masewera “osankhika” o “wotopa”. Kugonjetsa izi, okonza asintha mawonekedwe, kuphatikizira zosangalatsa monga liwiro la chess kapena masewera okhala ndi mabetcha ophiphiritsa. “Cholinga sikuphunzitsa aphunzitsi apamwamba, koma nzika”, López akuti.

Chidziwitso ndi malingaliro: kupitirira bolodi

Ubwino wa chess m'malo oponderezedwa amapitilira kuchepetsa chiwawa. Maphunziro a Neuroscientific, monga omwe atchulidwa mu chess mu maphunziro, wonetsani kuti masewerawa amalimbikitsa madera a ubongo okhudzana ndi kukumbukira, kukhazikika ndi kupanga zisankho. M'madera omwe mwayi wopeza maphunziro ndi wochepa, chess imagwira ntchito ngati a “masewera olimbitsa thupi” kupezeka ndi mtengo wotsika.

Ku Argentina, pulogalamu “Chess mu Villas” yawonetsa kusintha kwakukulu m'machitidwe asukulu a otenga nawo mbali. Malinga ndi lipoti lochokera ku Unduna wa Zamaphunziro ku Buenos Aires, Ana omwe amasewera chess nthawi zonse amapeza a 25% okhoza kukhoza masamu ndi luso lachinenero. Izi zimachitika chifukwa chess imaphunzitsa kuganiza mwadongosolo., luso losamutsidwa kumadera ena a chidziwitso. “Simatsenga; ndi sayansi. Chess imaphunzitsa ubongo kuthetsa mavuto mwadongosolo”, akufotokoza za neuroscientist Facundo Manes, mlangizi wa pulogalamu.

Koma mwina chiyambukiro chakuya kwambiri ndicho chamalingaliro.. M'madera omwe chiwawa chimachitika tsiku ndi tsiku, chess imapereka mpata wodekha komanso kusinkhasinkha. “Pamene mwana akukhala kutsogolo kwa bolodi, Kwa kamphindi iwalani phokoso la zipolopolo kapena njala. Mumaika maganizo anu pa chinthu chimene chimadalira maganizo anu”, Ndemanga za Diaz. Kupuma m'maganizo kumeneku ndikofunikira kwambiri pazovuta zanthawi zonse, kumene nkhawa ndi kupsinjika maganizo ndizofala. Pamenepo, ntchito ngati “Therapeutic Chess” ku Colombia agwiritsa ntchito masewerawa pochiza matenda ovutika maganizo omwe achitika pambuyo pa zoopsa za achinyamata omwe amachitiridwa nkhanza.

Zovuta ndi zotsutsa: Kodi chess ndi yankho lenileni?

Ngakhale zotsatira zabwino, Chess ngati chida chosinthira chikhalidwe sichimamasulidwa kutsutsidwa. Akatswiri ena amatsutsa kuti zotsatira zake zimakhala zochepa ngati sizikugwirizana ndi ndondomeko za anthu zomwe zimakhudza zomwe zimayambitsa chiwawa., monga umphawi ndi kusowa mwayi. “Chess ikhoza kukhala chigamba, koma osati yankho. Ngati palibe ntchito, maphunziro apamwamba kapena chitetezo, zotsatira zake zidzakhala zakanthawi”, akuchenjeza katswiri wa chikhalidwe cha anthu María Fernanda González, kuchokera ku National University of Colombia.

Kutsutsidwa kwina kofala ndikuti mapulogalamu a slum chess nthawi zambiri amakhala odzipatula., popanda ndondomeko ya dziko yomwe imatsimikizira kupitiriza kwake. Nthawi zambiri, Ntchitozi zimadalira zofuna za atsogoleri ammudzi kapena mabungwe omwe si aboma, kuwapangitsa kukhala pachiwopsezo cha kusintha kwa ndale kapena kuchepetsedwa kwa bajeti. “Tikufuna chess kukhala gawo la mfundo za boma, osati kuchokera ku polojekiti yoyeserera”, Diaz akutero.

Komanso, Pali chiopsezo kuti chess idzagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chida chowongolera anthu. M’maiko ena, Maboma aulamuliro alimbikitsa kutchova njuga monga mtundu wa “kusokoneza” kwa achinyamata kuchokera ku mavuto a ndale kapena chikhalidwe. “Chess sayenera kukhala opium. Mphamvu yake ndi yopatsa mphamvu, osati mu zomwe zimakupangitsa iwe kugona”, González akutero. Kupewa izi, Ma projekiti opambana kwambiri amaphatikiza chess ndi ufulu wa anthu komanso misonkhano yotenga nawo gawo nzika.

Tsogolo la chess ku Latin America: ku dongosolo lonse

Kuthekera kwa chess kuti muchepetse ziwawa m'malo ocheperako sikungatsutsidwe, koma kupambana kwake kwa nthawi yaitali kumadalira momwe akugwirizanirana ndi njira zambiri. Ku Latin America, maiko ena akutengapo mbali panjira imeneyi. Ku Uruguay, Mwachitsanzo, Chess yakhala phunziro losankhidwa m'masukulu aboma kuyambira pamenepo 2018, ndi Cuba, Masewerawa akhala mbali ya maphunziro a sukulu kuyambira 1970s. 1960. Zitsanzozi zitha kutsatiridwanso m'maiko ena, malinga ngati agwirizana ndi zenizeni zakumaloko.

Mwayi wina uli mu digito. Mapulatifomu ngati Lichess ndi Chess.com ali ndi mwayi wopeza chess demokalase, kulola achinyamata ochokera m'malo osanja kupikisana ndi osewera ochokera padziko lonse lapansi. Ku Medellin, iye chess pa intaneti yakhala yofunika kwambiri kuti achinyamata apitirizebe kukhala ndi chidwi, makamaka pa nthawi ya mliri. “Gulu lakuthupi ndilofunika, koma digito imatsegula zitseko. Mwana ku La Commune akhoza kusewera motsutsana ndi mphunzitsi wamkulu ku Russia”, Ndemanga za Diaz.

Pomaliza, chess iyenera kuwonedwa ngati gawo la chilengedwe cha kusintha kwa chikhalidwe cha anthu. Ntchito ngati “Chess for Peace” ku Mexico awonetsa kuti masewerawa akhoza kukhala mlatho mwayi wina, monga maphunziro a maphunziro kapena ntchito mu gawo laukadaulo. “Chess si yankho, koma ndi mbewu. Ngati yathiriridwa ndi maphunziro, ntchito ndi ndondomeko za boma, akhoza kuphuka”, anamaliza López.

Ku kontinenti komwe chiwawa cha m'matauni chimakhalabe chimodzi mwazowopsa kwambiri pachitukuko, Chess imatuluka ngati chida chosayembekezereka koma champhamvu. Awa si masewera osalakwa, koma njira yokanira: pamasewera aliwonse, achinyamata amaphunzira kuti tsogolo silinalembedwe, ndi?, ndi kuyenda kulikonse, akhoza kusintha njira ya moyo wawo.