Uhlelo Elo: ukuthi isebenza kanjani kanye nezicelo zayo emidlalweni nakwezemidlalo

Yena Uhlelo lokushaya amagoli lwe-Elo Ingenye yezindlela ezinomthelela futhi ezisetshenziswa kabanzi zokulinganisa ikhono elihlobene labadlali emiqhudelwaneni., ikakhulukazi ku-chess, I-eSports neminye imidlalo yamasu. Ithuthukiswe isazi sefiziksi saseHungary-American Arpad Elo eminyakeni eyishumi ye 1960, Lolu hlelo luguqule indlela ukusebenza kwezimbangi kuhlolwa ngayo., esikhundleni sezindlela zokuziphendulela ngokusebenzisa indlela yezibalo nezibalo. Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlelo zokuhlukanisa, U-Elo akabheki nje kuphela ukuthi umdlali uyawina noma uyahlulwa, kodwa futhi amandla esimbangi kanye ne amathuba alindelekile okunqoba, ukuyenza ithuluzi eliguqukayo nelinembile.

Kulesi sihloko, Sizohlola ngokujulile ukuthi uhlelo lwe-Elo lusebenza kanjani, kusukela ezisekelweni zayo zezibalo kuya ekusebenzeni kwayo okungokoqobo ezindaweni ezahlukene. Sizohlaziya izinzuzo zayo, imikhawulo kanye nendlela eye yavela ngayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ukuze ivumelane nezimo zesimanje. Ngaphandle kwalokho, Sizobona izibonelo ezibambekayo zokuqaliswa kwayo nokuthi ingasetshenziswa kanjani hhayi kuphela ukuhlukanisa abadlali, kodwa futhi nokubikezela imiphumela nokuthuthukisa amasu okuncintisana.

Izisekelo zezibalo zesistimu ye-Elo

Uhlelo lwe-Elo lusekelwe ku-a umsebenzi we-logistics elilinganisela amathuba okuthi umdlali oyedwa awine komunye ngokusekelwe kuzikolo zakhe zamanje. Ifomula emaphakathi yesistimu ithi:

E_A = 1 / (1 + 10^{(R_B – R_A) / 400)}

Kuphi:

• E_A amathuba alindelekile okuthi umdlali A awine ebhekene nomdlali B.
• R_A y R_B yizikolo zamanje ze-Elo zabadlali u-A no-B, ngokulandelana.

Le fomula ichaza lokho, uma abadlali ababili benesilinganiso se-Elo esifanayo, Amathuba okuthi noma yimuphi kubo uyawina 50%. Nokho, uma umdlali enamaphuzu aphezulu kakhulu, Amathuba akho okunqoba akhula kakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, umehluko we 200 Amaphuzu e-Elo anikeza umdlali amaphuzu aphezulu cishe okukodwa 76% amathuba okuwina.

Ukulungiswa kwamaphuzu ngemva komdlalo kubalwa ngesibalo esilandelayo:

R_A‘ =R_A + K * (S_A – E_A)

Kuphi:

• R_A‘ isikolo esisha se-Elo somdlali u-A.
• K nguye isici K, i-coefficient enquma ukuthi isikolo singashintsha kangakanani emdlalweni owodwa. Leli nani liyahlukahluka kuye ngezinga labadlali kanye nomongo womncintiswano..
• S_A umphumela wangempela womdlalo (1 ngokunqoba, 0.5 ngothayi kanye 0 ngokuhlulwa).
• E_A amathuba okubalwe ngaphambilini alindelekile okunqoba.

I-K factor ibalulekile ngoba ilawula i- ukuzwela kwesistimu. Emiqhudelwaneni esezingeni eliphezulu, njengemiqhudelwano ye-chess yobungcweti, isici se-K ngokuvamile siphansi (Ngokwesibonelo, 10 o 20) ukugwema ukushintshashintsha okungazelelwe kwamaphuzu. Kunalokho, emiqhudelwaneni yezimfundamakhwela noma ezinkundleni zokuxhumana, I-K factor ingaba phezulu (Ngokwesibonelo, 30 o 40) ukuze ubonise ngokushesha izinguquko ekusebenzeni komdlali.

Izicelo zesistimu ye-Elo ngale kwe-chess

Nakuba uhlelo lwe-Elo lwaqale lwenzelwe i-chess, Ukuguquguquka kwayo kuholele ekutheni yamukelwe emikhakheni eyahlukene eyahlukene. Enye yezinhlelo zokusebenza eziphawuleka kakhulu iku ezemidlalo zikagesi, lapho amapulatifomu afana i-League of Legends, I-Dota 2 y I-Counter-Strike Bayisebenzisela ukukala abadlali ezinhlelweni zabo zokuhlanganisa. kule midlalo, U-Elo akagcini ngokunquma ikhono lomdlali, kodwa futhi kunomthelela ekwakhiweni kwamaqembu alinganiselayo, ukuthuthukisa umuzwa wokudlala.

Enye indawo lapho i-Elo ibonise khona ukuthi iwusizo ku- ezemidlalo zendabuko. Ngokwesibonelo, I-FIFA isebenzise okuhlukile kohlelo lwe-Elo ukuze ihlukanise amaqembu esizwe ebhola likanobhutshuzwayo. Ngokungafani nezinhlelo zokukala ezisuselwe kumaphuzu angaguquki (njengaleyo esetshenziswe ngaphambilini), I-Elo ivumela ukulungiswa okuguquguqukayo okubonisa kangcono ukusebenza kweqembu kwangempela. Iqembu elinqobayo elimelene nezimbangi ezisezingeni eliphezulu lithola amaphuzu amaningi kunalapho liwina libhekene nezimbangi ezisezingeni eliphansi., okukhuthaza ukuthungathwa kwezinselelo ezinzima kakhulu.

Emkhakheni wezemfundo nochwepheshe, Uhlelo lwe-Elo luphinde lwathola izinhlelo zokusebenza ezintsha. Ezinye izinkundla zokufunda eziku-inthanethi ziyisebenzisela hlola intuthuko yomfundi emakhonweni afana nezinhlelo noma izibalo. Ngokwesibonelo, ezindaweni ezifana I-Codeforces o LeetCode, Abasebenzisi baqhudelana ngezinselele futhi isikolo sabo se-Elo silungiswa ngokusekelwe ekusebenzeni kwabo ngokumelene nabanye ababambi qhaza. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokugqugquzela abafundi ukuthi bathuthuke, kodwa futhi inikeza isilinganiso esiqondile sekhono lakho elihlobene.

Izinzuzo kanye nemikhawulo yesistimu ye-Elo

Isistimu ye-Elo inezinzuzo ezimbalwa eziyenze yaba indinganiso ekuhlukaniseni abadlali. Enye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu yayo ubulula nokungafihli lutho. Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi, I-Elo isekelwe kumafomula ezibalo afinyelelekayo angaqondwa futhi asetshenziswe kalula ngokulinganiselwe. Lokhu kuyenza ilungele izinkundla ze-inthanethi nemiqhudelwano lapho ukucaca kubalulekile.

Enye inzuzo eyinhloko yayo ukuzivumelanisa nezimo. Uhlelo alubonisi kuphela umphumela womdlalo, kodwa futhi ucabangela amandla ophikisana naye, okwenza kube nobulungiswa futhi nembe. Ngaphandle kwalokho, I-K factor ikuvumela ukuthi ulungise ukuzwela kwesistimu ngokuya komongo, okwenza kube nezinto ezihlukahlukene ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zemiqhudelwano.

Nokho, Uhlelo lwe-Elo nalo linemikhawulo yalo. Enye yezinto ezibucayi kakhulu yayo ukuncika emsebenzini. Ukuze uhlelo lusebenze ngendlela efanele, abadlali kumele babambe iqhaza enanini elanele lemidlalo. Uma umdlali eyeka ukuncintisana isikhathi eside, Isikolo sakho singase siphelelwe yisikhathi futhi singabonisi ikhono lakho lamanje. Lokhu kuyinkinga ikakhulukazi emiqhudelwaneni enenzuzo ephezulu yabahlanganyeli., njenge-e-sports.

Omunye umkhawulo ukuthi uhlelo lwe-Elo ayicabangi izici zangaphandle okungaba nomthelela kumphumela womdlalo, njengokulimala, izimo zezulu noma izinzuzo zamasu. Ngokwesibonelo, ebholeni, Iqembu lingawina umdlalo hhayi ngenxa yekhono lalo eliphezulu., kodwa ngesu lokuzivikela elenziwe kahle. I-Elo ayihlukanisi phakathi kwalawa ma-nuances, okungase kuholele ekuhlukaniseni ngezigaba okungabonisi iqiniso ngokugcwele.

Ekugcineni, uhlelo Elo kungaba sengozini yokuxhashazwa. Emiqhudelwaneni lapho abadlali bengakhetha izimbangi zabo, kunobungozi bokuthi abanye bazobheka imidlalo elula ukuze bakhulise amaphuzu abo. Lokhu kusebenza ikakhulukazi ezinkundleni zokuxhumana lapho kungekho khona ukulawula okuqinile ekwenzeni okufanayo..

Ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zesimanje zesistimu ye-Elo

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, Uhlelo lwe-Elo seluthuthukile ukuze luvumelane nezidingo zemiqhudelwano eyinkimbinkimbi. Enye yezinhlobonhlobo ezaziwa kakhulu yi- Glicko, ithuthukiswe nguSolwazi Mark Glickman. Lolu hlelo lwethula umqondo we ukuchezuka okujwayelekile (noma ukungaqiniseki) kumphumela womdlali, ukuvumela ukuhlolwa okunembe kakhudlwana kwekhono lakho. Ku-Glicko, umdlali ngamunye unamaphuzu kanye nokuchezuka okujwayelekile okubonisa ukuzethemba kulowo mphumela. Njengomdlali ubamba iqhaza emidlalweni eminingi, ukuchezuka kwayo okujwayelekile kuyehla, okubonisa ukunemba okukhulu ekuhlukaniseni kwayo.

Okunye okuhlukile okubalulekile yi- I-TrueSkill, ithuthukiswe iMicrosoft yesikhulumi sayo sokudlala I-Xbox Live. Lolu hlelo luklanyelwe ukuphatha imiqhudelwano yeqembu, lapho ikhono lomdlali ngamunye kufanele lihlolwe kumongo wokusebenza kweqembu. I-TrueSkill isebenzisa imodeli ye-Bayesian engabheki kuphela imiphumela yokufanisa, kodwa nokubunjwa kwamaqembu kanye nokushintshashintsha ekusebenzeni kwabadlali.

Emkhakheni wezemidlalo, Uhlelo lwe-Elo luguqulelwe ukuze lufake izici ezengeziwe okunomthelela kumphumela womdlalo. Ngokwesibonelo, ebholeni, Ezinye izinhlobo ze-Elo zibheka i isici sendawo (inzuzo yensimu yasekhaya), yena isilinganiso segoli (umehluko wegoli) nezinye izinkomba zokusebenza. Lezi zimo zivumela ukuhlukaniswa okunembe kakhulu nokulungile, ikakhulukazi kwezemidlalo lapho izibopho zivamile.

Emhlabeni wezemidlalo ye-elekthronikhi, amapulatifomu afana I-Faceit y OKUHLUKILE basebenzise amasistimu ayingxube ahlanganisa i-Elo namanye ama-algorithms ukuze kuthuthukiswe umuzwa wokufanisa. Lawa masistimu awahlukanisi abadlali kuphela, kodwa futhi bafuna ukwakha amaqembu alinganiselayo, okwandisa ukwaneliseka kwabahlanganyeli futhi kunciphisa ukukhungatheka ngenxa yokungalingani kweqembu.

Iziphetho: ifa nekusasa lohlelo lwe-Elo

Uhlelo lokushaya amagoli lwe-Elo lushiye uphawu olungacimeki emhlabeni wemiqhudelwano, kusuka ku-chess kuya kuma-esports nangale kwalokho. Ikhono lakho kala ikhono elihlobene labadlali ngokusobala nangokuguquguqukayo ikwenze kwaba ithuluzi eliyigugu labahleli, abadlali be-inthanethi namapulatifomu. Kuso sonke lesi sihloko, sihlole izisekelo zayo zezibalo, izicelo zayo ezindaweni ezahlukene, izinzuzo zayo kanye nemikhawulo, kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zesimanje ezivele ukuze zinqobe imingcele yayo.

Esinye sezifundo ezibaluleke kakhulu esingazithola ohlelweni lwe-Elo ukubaluleka ukuzivumelanisa nezimo. Nakuba yaklanywa eminyakeni engaphezu kwengxenye yekhulu edlule, Ukuguquguquka kwayo kuyivumele ukuthi ivumelane nezimo ezintsha ngokuphelele, njengemidlalo yezemidlalo kanye nezinkundla zokufunda eziku-inthanethi. Nokho, Sibonile nokuthi u-Elo akaphelele: ukuncika kwayo emsebenzini, ukuba sengozini kwaso ekusetshenzisweni kanye nokungakwazi ukucabangela izici zangaphandle kuyizinselele okufanele kubhekwane nazo.

Ikusasa lohlelo lwe-Elo cishe lizophawulwa yilo ukuhlanganiswa nobuchwepheshe obusafufusa, njengokufunda komshini kanye nobuhlakani bokwenziwa. Lawa mathuluzi angavumela ukudalwa kwamasistimu okuhlukanisa anembe nakakhulu futhi aqondene nawe, ezingabheki kuphela imiphumela yemidlalo, kodwa futhi izindlela zokuziphatha, izitayela zokudlala nenye idatha yomongo. Ngaphandle kwalokho, kungenzeka sibone izinhlobo eziningi ezixubile ezihlanganisa i-Elo namanye ama-algorithms ukuze sinikeze izilinganiso eziqine kakhulu nezifanele.

Ekuphetheni, Uhlelo lwe-Elo lungaphezu kwefomula yezibalo elula: kuyi-a ubufakazi bamandla amamodeli ezibalo ukuguqula indlela esihlaziya ngayo ukusebenza komuntu. Ifa lakhe lizoqhubeka liphila, hhayi nje njengendlela yokuhlukanisa, kodwa njengesikhumbuzo sokuthi, ezweni elincintisana ngokwandayo, Umgomo nokunemba kubalulekile ukukala impumelelo.