Jibhuti: iyo geopolitical chess pakati pezvigadziko zvemauto nemanomads

Mukati meNyanga yeAfrica, uko Gungwa Dzvuku rinosangana neGulf of Aden, inomuka Jibhuti, nyika yakashandura nzvimbo yayo kuita chikamu chakakosha cheglobal geopolitical board. Kure nekuve pfungwa iri nyore pamepu, Iri nyika yerenje uye ine hunyanzvi inoita basa rakafanana neye chess: kufamba kwese, kana zvechiuto, zvoupfumi kana diplomatic, inopindura kune pfungwa yekutarisira, mibatanidzwa uye territorial control. Kubva pazvigadziko zvekune dzimwe nyika kuenda kunzira dzekare dzekutengeserana, Djibouti yatsemuka pakati pesimba remasimba ekunze uye kuramba kwenharaunda dzayo dzinotama, vane tsika dzekare dzinopokana nezvido zvemazuva ano. Chinyorwa ichi chinoongorora kuti iyi nyika diki yeAfrica yakashandurwa sei kuita nzvimbo mazano ehondo, nomadic dynamics uye zvishuvo zvepasi rose, kuburitsa simba mutambo wakaoma sekunakidza kwacho.

Geography sebhodhi chess

Djibouti haingave sezvairi nhasi pasina nzvimbo yayo yakasarudzika. Inowanikwa muBab el-Mandeb Strait, kwaanofamba 30% yekutengeserana kwepasirese maritime, nyika ino chete 23.000 km² ibhodhoro risingadzoreki. Iri padyo neYemen, Somalia neEritrea inoita kuti ive nzvimbo yakakosha yekutarisa kuchengetedza kwedunhu, nepo mhenderekedzo yaro paGungwa Dzvuku ichiibatanidza zvakananga neSuez Canal, imwe yeanonyanya kukosha tsinga dzehupfumi papasi. Chinzvimbo ichi chakakwezva masimba akadai USA, China, Furanzi, Japan neItaly, dzakavaka zvigaro zvemauto munharaunda yavo, kushandura Djibouti kuita rudzi rwe “African Singapore”, asi nemaitiro echiuto.

Zvisinei, geography haingotsananguri kukosha kwayo, asiwo matambudziko ayo. Mamiriro ekunze asina mvura uye kushomeka kwezviwanikwa zvinomanikidza vagari vayo kuvimba nerubatsiro rwekunze kana kufamba., sezvavakaita Vafudzi veAfar neSomalia vanotama-tama kwemazana emakore. Nepo mabhesi emauto akamira sezviratidzo zvemazuva ano, nharaunda dzenharaunda dzinoona minda yavo ichigadziridzwa kuti ishandire zvido zvekunze, kuunza kusawirirana pakati pebudiriro netsika.

Mutambo wemabhesi emauto: dziviriro kana basa?

Djibouti inobata hukuru hukuru hwezvigaro zvemauto ekunze pasi rose mukuenzana nehukuru hwayo. Iyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa ndeye Camp Lemonier, muzinda weCombined Joint Task Force – Nyanga yeAfrica (CJTF-HOA) kubva kuUnited States, nezvakawanda kupfuura 4.000 mauto akazvipira kune anti-magandanga uye kuongorora mabasa mudunhu. Asi handiyo yega: China yakavhurwa mukati 2017 muzinda wayo wekutanga wemauto mhiri kwemakungwa muDjibouti, nepo France, yaimbova simba reukoloni, inochengetedza kuvapo kusingakanganisike kubvira 1884. Japani, Italy neSaudi Arabia vakagadzirawo zvivakwa, kushandura nyika kuita a rabhoritari yekushandira pamwe nekukwikwidzana pakati pemasimba.

Kuhurumende yeDjiboutian, Aya mabhesi anomiririra kwakakosha mari. Kukweretesa nyika kune dzimwe nyika kunounza mazana emamiriyoni emadhora pagore, mari inodarika mabhenefiti ezvikamu zvechinyakare zvakaita sekurima kana hove. Zvisinei, Kutsamira kwehupfumi uku kune mutengo: uchangamire hwenyika hunokanganiswa, uye zvisarudzo pamusoro penharaunda yavo zvinowanzoenderana nezvido zvekunze. Besides, kurwiswa kwemauto munzvimbo kwakachinja hupenyu hwenharaunda, avo vanoona nzvimbo yavo ichiganhurirwa kunzvimbo dzaimboshandiswa kumafuro kana kuunganidza mvura.

Muenzaniso wakajeka ndewe Chinese base muDoraleh, yakavakwa pedyo nechiteshi chengarava. Nepo Beijing ichipokana kuti kuvepo kwayo kurwisa piracy, Vanoongorora vanoti inodawo kuchengetedza mari yayo mu New Silk Road, megaproject inosanganisira kuvandudzwa kwezvivakwa muAfrica. Hunyambiri uhwu pakati pekuchengetedza uye kuwedzera kwehupfumi hunoratidza kuoma kweiyo “chess” djiboutiano, uko kufamba kwega kwega kune kuverenga kwakawanda.

The nomads: kuramba kwakanyarara

Takatarisana nekufambira mberi kwezvigaro zvemauto uye mapurojekiti ezvivakwa, nzanga dzinotama-tama dzeDjibouti—zvikurukuru Nyaya yaIssa- inomiririra mararamiro anoramba kunyangarika. Mapoka aya, izvo zvakararama kwemazana emakore munzvimbo ine utsinye, Dzinotsamira pakufamba kuwana mafuro nemvura, kutevera nzira dzemadzisekuru dzava kubonderana nemiganhu yakatemerwa neHurumende nezvido zvekunze. kugadzirwa kwemigwagwa, zviteshi nezvigadziko zvakakamura matunhu avo, kuvamanikidza kuti vagadzirise kana kutarisana nekusarudzika.

Kukonana hakusi kwenzvimbo chete, asiwo tsika. Sezvo hurumende yeDjibouti inosimudzira rondedzero yemazuva ano nekusimudzira, vanotama-tama vanoona kuti tsika dzavo dzakadzoserwa sei kumashure. dzidzo yechikoro, Semuyenzaniso, kurwisana nekudiwa kwevechidiki kuti vadzidze kufudza uye kurarama mugwenga. Besides, kusanaya kwemvura kunoramba kuchiitika uye kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze kwakawedzera mamiriro avo ezvinhu, kuderedza zviwanikwa zviripo uye kuwedzera makwikwi emvura nenyika.

Zvakadaro, Nharaunda idzi hadzisi vanhuwo zvavo vanyajambwa. Vakagadzira nzira dzekupikisa, kufanana ne nhaurirano nevakuru venzvimbo kuwana nzvimbo dzakarambidzwa kana kugadzirisa nzira dzavo dze transhumance. Vamwe vechiduku vakatowana mikana mukushanya kana kuti mabasa echinguvana pazvigaro zvehondo., kunyangwe izvi zvichireva shanduko huru mumararamiro ako. Uku kuenzana pakati pechinyakare nemazuva ano ndechimwe chezvikamu zve “chess” djiboutiano, uko mafambiro ega ega anogona kupeta chiyero kusvika pakupona kana kutsakatika kwetsika yekare.

Ramangwana: Kuenda kuDjibouti yakagadzikana kana mucheki??

Remangwana reDjibouti rinoenderana nekuti inogadzirisa sei kusawirirana pakati pebasa rayo se mauto uye logistics hub uye zvinodiwa nevanhu vayo. Kune rimwe divi, Nyika yakakwanisa kuzvimisa semunhu akakosha munyaya dzekuchengetedzwa kwematunhu, kukwezva mari uye kusimbisa hukama hwayo nemasimba epasi rose. Zvirongwa zvakaita se Doraleh Harbor kana njanji inobatanidza neEthiopia mienzaniso yekuti Djibouti inoda kusiyanisa hupfumi hwayo kupfuura zvigaro zvemauto.. Zvisinei, Kufambira mberi uku hakushanduri nguva dzose kuita pundutso kune vagari venzvimbo, izvo zvinoramba zvichitarisana nehuwandu hwehurombo nekushaikwa kwemabasa.

Kugadzikana kwenyika kwakabatanawo nekugona kwayo kutonga zvinodiwa nevagari vemumaguta nevanotama-tama.. Hurumende yakaedza kubatanidza vanotama kuburikidza nezvirongwa zvekugara, asi kuedza uku kwakava nemigumisiro yakasiyana. Vafundisi vazhinji vanoona mapurojekiti aya senjodzi kukuva kwavo., nepo vamwe vachizvigamuchira sechinhu chinodiwa nekuda kwekushaikwa kwezvinhu. Chinokosha chinogona kunge chiri kutsvaga muenzaniso unobatanidza kubudirira kwehupfumi nekuchengetedza tsika, chinhu icho kusvika zvino chave chakaoma kuwana.

Munhandare yepasi rose, Djibouti inofanirwa kunyatso fambisa makwikwi evamwe vayo. Makwikwi pakati China neUnited States, Semuyenzaniso, inogona kuva njodzi kana nyika ikamanikidzwa kutora divi. Kusvikira zvino, akakwanisa kuchengeta dzikamo, asi dzvinyiriro yekubatanidza nesimba rimwe kana rimwe inogona kuwedzera mune ramangwana. Besides, Kusagadzikana munyika dzakavakidzana dzakaita seSomalia kana Yemen kunomiririra kutyisidzira kunogara kuchiitika, izvo zvinogona kukanganisa dunhu uye kukanganisa zvido zveDjibouti.

Muchirevo chechinyorwa ichi, iye “chess” Djiboutian ichiri kutamba. Kufamba kwese — kungave kusaina chibvumirano chitsva chemauto, kuvakwa kwezvivakoti kana kushandiswa kwemitemo yemagariro evanhu-ine migumisiro inodarika miganhu yayo. Mubvunzo ndewekuti Djibouti ichakwanisa kuzvimisa semutambi akazvimirira here kana kuti ichaguma yave chimwe chikamu pabhodhi revamwe..

Mhedziso: kuenzanisa pakati pekare neremangwana

Djibouti inyika ine misiyano, uko chiuto chemazuva ano netsika dzokutama-tama zvinogara pamwe chete mukuenzanisa. Nzvimbo yaro yenzvimbo yakaita kuti ive danho rinokosha remasimba enyika, asiwo munharaunda umo nharaunda dzenzvimbo dzinorwira kuchengetedza mararamiro avo. Munyaya ino yose, Taona kuti iyi nyika diki yeAfrica yakatsemuka sei pesvedzero yekunze uye uchangamire, kusimudzirwa kwehupfumi nekuzivikanwa kwetsika, kugadzikana uye njodzi.

Iye “chess” Djibouti hausi mutambo une mativi maviri, asi multidimensional bhodhi apo chidimbu chimwe nechimwe - ngaive muzinda wemauto, mufudzi anotama-tama kana kuti chiteshi chengarava—ane basa rinopfuura romunzvimbomo. Kugona kwenyika kutonga masimbiro aya ndiko kucharatidza ramangwana rayo: ingave ichakwanisa kuve muenzaniso wekusimudzira budiriro kana kuti ichave yakavharirwa mukunetsana kwegeopolitical mudunhu.. Chiri pachena ndechekuti, mumutambo uyu, hapana mafambiro asina mhosva. Sarudzo yega yega ine mhedzisiro inotangira mugwenga kusvika kunzvimbo dzemasimba enyika., kutiyeuchidza kuti, muNyanga yeAfrica, Strategy yakakosha sendima pachayo.

Kune vacherechedzi vekunze, Djibouti inopa chidzidzo chekuti geography nenhoroondo zvingaumba sei nyika. Kuvagari vayo, chiyeuchidzo kuti, munyika iri kuramba ichiwanda, kuramba uye kugadzirisa zvinhu zvakakosha semubatanidzwa wemauto kana chirongwa chehupfumi. Dambudziko ikozvino nderekutsvaga nzira inobvumira Djibouti kuti ienderere mberi pasina kurasikirwa nekuona kwemidzi yayo., chiyero icho, sezvakaita chess, zvinoda kushivirira, vision uye, pamusoro pazvose, strategy.