Chess pansi pa burqa: kukana mwakachetechete kwa azimayi aku Afghan

Mumithunzi ya boma lomwe layesera kuchotsa kukhalapo kwake, Amayi aku Afghan amapeza chess ngati kukana mwakachetechete. A Taliban atatenga mphamvu 2021, Ufulu wa amayi ku Afghanistan wachepetsedwa kwambiri: kuletsa kuphunzira, amagwira ntchito m'magawo ambiri ndipo amasuntha popanda mwamuna. Komabe, pakati pa mdima uno, Gulu la chess lakhala chizindikiro cha ufulu ndi zovuta. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza mmene tingachitire zimenezi, pansi pa burqa, Azimayi aku Afghanistan amasewera mobisa, osati monga chizolowezi, koma ngati njira yosungira bungwe lanu kukhala lamoyo, kuganiza kwanu mozama ndi kulumikizana kwanu ndi dziko lakunja. Kupyolera mu maumboni, kusanthula mbiri ndi zochitika za ndale zamakono, Tidzazindikira momwe masewera akalewa adasinthidwa kukhala chida chotsutsana ndi chikhalidwe ndi maganizo m'malo amodzi omwe ali ovuta kwambiri kwa amayi m'zaka za zana la 21..

Chess ngati pothawirako mbiri ya Afghanistan

Chess si masewera achilendo ku Afghanistan. Anadziwitsidwa kuderali panthawi yomwe Ufumu wa Perisiya ukukula, *shatranj*—anayambitsa chess yamakono—anazikika kwambiri m’chikhalidwe cha ku Central Asia.. Kwa zaka zambiri, Zinali zosangalatsa za mafumu ndi anthu wamba, malo omwe njira ndi chipiriro zinali zamtengo wapatali monga mphamvu zakuthupi. Komabe, ndi kubwera kwa a Taliban kulamulira zaka 90, Chess idaletsedwa chifukwa idalimbikitsa “masewera” ndi “kusokonezedwa ndi ntchito zachipembedzo”. Zidutswazo zidawotchedwa pamoto wapagulu, ndipo ogwidwa akutchova juga angalangidwe koopsa.

Chiletso chimenechi chinalephera kuthetsa kutchova njuga. M'malo mwake, adamukankhira mobisa, kumene akazi, anyozedwa kale ndi ziletso za jenda, Iwo adapezamo pothawira. M'nthawi yochepa yotsegula wachibale pakati 2001 y 2021, chess idatulukiranso ngati chizindikiro cha kupita patsogolo. Makalabu azimayi adapangidwa ku Kabul ndi Herat, ndipo osewera ena adayimiranso Afghanistan pamipikisano yapadziko lonse lapansi. Koma ndi kubwerera kwa a Taliban, chess inalinso mchitidwe wosokoneza, makamaka kwa amayi, amene mwayi wopita kumadera a anthu ndi ntchito zanzeru unaletsedwanso.

Hoyi, bolodi wakhala microcosm kukana. Kusewera chess mobisa sikumangophwanya zoletsedwa, komanso imatsimikiziranso luso la amayi loganiza, kukonzekera ndi kupikisana m'malo omwe amawalepheretsa ngakhale ufulu wa maphunziro. Monga wosewera wosadziwika adanenera poyankhulana ndi *The Guardian*: *”Kusuntha kulikonse pa bolodi kumandikumbutsa kuti ndikadalipo., zomwe ndimaganizirabe, kuti ndikusankhabe”*.

The burqa ngati chishango ndi ndende

El burqa, chovala chija chomwe chimakwirira thupi ndi nkhope ya akazi aku Afghan, Zonsezi ndi chizindikiro cha kuponderezedwa ndi chida cha kupulumuka. Kwa osewera a chess obisika, Imakhala chishango chomwe chimawalola kuyenda m'misewu popanda kukopa chidwi, komanso m'ndende yomwe imawapatula kudziko lapansi. pansi pa makutu ake, Iwo samangobisa umunthu wawo, komanso matabwa ang'onoang'ono opinda, zidutswa za mthumba kapena mapulogalamu a chess pama foni am'manja omwe amasunga chinsinsi.

Chododometsa cha burqa m'nkhaniyi ndi chochititsa chidwi. Mbali inayi, Ndi chikhazikitso chomwe chimafuna kufafaniza umunthu wa amayi, kuwachepetsa ku ziwerengero zosadziwika komanso zogonjera. Kumbali ina, wakhala wothandizira mosayembekezereka kwa iwo omwe akufuna kutsutsa dongosololi. M'mizinda ngati Kabul kapena Mazar-i-Sharif, magulu a amayi amakumana m'nyumba zotetezeka, komwe burqa imawalola kulowa ndikutuluka popanda kudzutsa chikaiko. Kamodzi mkati, Iwo amavula zovala zawo nafunyulula matabwa awo, kugawana njira, kusanthula masewera ndi, pamwamba pa zonse, kumverera kwa maola angapo kuti ndi eni ake a nthawi yawo ndi zisankho zawo.

Komabe, chiopsezo chimakhala chokhazikika. A Taliban awonjezera kusaka kwanyumba, ndipo madandaulo ochokera kwa anansi kapena achibale angayambitse zigawenga. Mu 2023, Lipoti la *Human Rights Watch* lidalembapo milandu ingapo ya azimayi omwe amatsekeredwa “ntchito zosakhala zachisilamu”, zomwe zinaphatikizapo kusewera chess. Osatengera izi, ambiri amalimbikira, chifukwa masewerawa amaposa osewera: Ndi njira yosungira chiyembekezo. Monga momwe mtsikana wina anafotokozera 22 zaka mu umboni wotengedwa ndi *Amnesty International*: *”Ndikasiya kusewera, Ndikumva ngati ndikusiya kukhalako. Chess ndi chinthu chokhacho chomwe chimandikumbutsa kuti ndili ndi malingaliro anga”*.

Maukonde osawoneka a osewera achinsinsi

Kuseri kwa kukana kwa chess kwa azimayi aku Afghan pali network yokonzedwa, ngakhale zofooka, zomwe zimagwira ntchito mobisa. Kapangidwe kameneka kamakhazikitsidwa pakukhulupirira, mawu pakamwa ndi, nthawi zina, thandizo la mabungwe apadziko lonse omwe amatumiza zinthu mobisa. Osewera amalumikizana kudzera pamakhodi, kugwiritsa ntchito mawu atsiku ndi tsiku kutanthauza masewera kapena mayendedwe. Mwachitsanzo, a “kukumananso kwabanja” ikhoza kukhala gawo la chess, ndi a “buku lophikira” akhoza kubisa buku lotsegulira.

Nyumba zotetezedwa ndi mtima wa network iyi. Kaŵirikaŵiri amakhala nyumba za akazi amene apeza mlingo wakutiwakuti wa ufulu wachuma, ngati akazi amasiye kapena akatswiri omwe adagwirapo ntchito a Taliban asanatenge. Olandira alendowa amaika moyo wawo pachiswe potsegula zitseko zawo, koma amatero chifukwa amamvetsetsa kuti chess ndi masewera: Ndi ntchito yochiritsa pamodzi. Mumisonkhano iyi, akazi samangosewera, koma amauzanso zokumana nazo, kupulumuka njira ndi, nthawi zina, zambiri zamomwe mungapezere chithandizo chothandizira anthu kapena maphunziro a pa intaneti.

Tekinoloje yatenga gawo lalikulu pakukaniza uku. Ngakhale a Taliban aletsa kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti, azimayi ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito ma VPN ndi maukonde achinsinsi kuti alumikizane ndi magulu a chess kunja. Mapulatifomu ngati *Chess.com* kapena *Lichess* akhala mazenera padziko lonse lapansi, komwe mungasewere masewera a pa intaneti, kutenga nawo mbali m'mipikisano yeniyeni ndipo ngakhale kuphunzira kuchokera kwa aphunzitsi apadziko lonse lapansi. Mu 2022, Gulu la osewera achikazi aku Afghanistan adachita nawo mpikisano wapaintaneti wokonzedwa ndi *International Chess Federation (FIDE)*, komwe amapikisana ndi mayina awo kuti ateteze umunthu wawo. Chochitikacho, kuwulutsa live, chinali chikumbutso kwa dziko kuti, pa, Azimayi aku Afghanistan akupitiriza kumenyana.

Komabe, network iyi ikukumana ndi zovuta nthawi zonse. Kusowa chuma ndi chimodzi mwa zopinga zazikulu: osewera ambiri alibe mwayi wopeza ma board akuthupi ndipo ayenera kukhazikika pojambula mabwalo pamapepala kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mafoni oyambira.. Komanso, Kuopa kuzindikirika kumachepetsa kuchuluka kwa misonkhano. Ngakhale zili choncho, maukonde akupitilira, chifukwa ikuyimira imodzi mwazinthu zochepa zosagwirizana ndi chiwawa zomwe zatsala ku Afghanistan.

Chess ngati fanizo la nkhondo ya amayi

Kuposa phindu lake monga chizolowezi kapena masewera, Chess yakhala fanizo lamphamvu pakulimbana kwa azimayi aku Afghanistan. Masewera aliwonse amawonetsa zenizeni zanu: masewera omwe malamulo adapangidwa kuti achepetse kusuntha kwanu, koma kumene luso ndi luso zingatsegule njira zosayembekezereka. pa bolodi, monga m'moyo, Amayi aku Afghanistan amaphunzira kuyenda m'malo ovuta, kuyembekezera mayendedwe a “wotsutsa” (ulamuliro, gulu la makolo) ndi kupeza mipata ya ufulu mkati mwa zoletsedwa.

Chess imaphunzitsa kuleza mtima, ukoma wofunikira mu nkhani yomwe kukana kuyenera kukhala chete ndi kukhazikika. Osewerawo akudziwa kuti sangapambane pamasewera aliwonse, koma kuyenda kulikonse ndi chitsimikizo cha kukhalapo kwake. M'mawu a mphunzitsi wa chess yemwe tsopano akukhala ku ukapolo: *”Ku Afghanistan, akazi sangasankhe tsogolo lawo, koma pamwamba, kwa mphindi zingapo, ali mfulu. Iwo akhoza kukhala mfumukazi, zokopa kapena zokopa, koma ndi amene amasankha kusuntha”*.

Fanizoli limafikiranso momwe azimayi aku Afghan adasinthira masewerawa kuti agwirizane ndi zenizeni zawo.. M'madera ena, apanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chess yomwe imawonetsa zomwe adakumana nazo. Mwachitsanzo, mu game yotchedwa *”Chess pansi pa burqa”*, Zidutswa zoyera zimayimira akazi ndipo zidutswa zakuda zimayimira ulamuliro.. Cholinga chake si kusokoneza mfumu., sino “kumasula” ku zidutswa zoyera kuzitengera kumapeto kwa bolodi, kusonyeza kufunafuna ufulu. Zosintha izi sizimangopangitsa kuti masewerawa akhale oyenera, koma amasinthanso kukhala chida chophunzitsira chophunzitsira atsikana za ufulu wawo komanso kufunika kokanira.

Chess yakhalanso ngati mlatho ndi dziko lakunja. Mu 2023, documentary yotchedwa *”Checkmate: Akazi aku Afghanistan”* adawonetsa momwe osewera achikazi amalumikizirana ndi mayiko ena kudzera pamasewera apa intaneti. Iye amajambula, zomwe zimayamba pa zikondwerero za ufulu wa anthu, adathandizira kuti kulimbana kwawo kuwonekere ndikukweza ndalama zothandizira maukonde awo achinsinsi. Monga m'modzi mwa otsutsawo adanena: *”Dziko likutiona kuti ndife ozunzidwa, koma pamwamba, ndife ankhondo”*.

Mapeto: chekimate amene sanafike

Nkhani ya azimayi aku Afghan omwe amaseweretsa chess mobisa ndi, choyambirira, nkhani yotsutsa. M’dziko limene akumanidwa ufulu wamaphunziro, kugwira ntchito komanso ngakhale kuyenda, bolodi lasanduka danga la ufulu, chikumbutso kuti malingaliro anu ndi mzimu wanu sizingamangidwe. Komabe, Kukana kumeneku sikuli kopanda zoopsa. Masewera aliwonse omwe amaseweredwa mobisa ndikuchita mwano zomwe zingawawonongere ufulu wawo kapena moyo wawo.. Ngakhale zili choncho, limbikira, chifukwa amamvetsetsa kuti chess ndi masewera: Ndi njira yosungira umunthu wanu wamoyo.

Anthu akunja ali ndi gawo lalikulu pankhondoyi. Kupanikizika kwapadziko lonse paulamuliro wa Taliban, Thandizo kwa mabungwe omwe amagwira ntchito mobisa ndikupangitsa kuti nkhanizi ziwonekere ndi zida zofunika kwambiri zopewera kukana kuzimiririka.. Mapulatifomu monga malo ochezera kapena masewera a pa intaneti awonetsa izi, ngakhale mumdima, Pali njira zolumikizirana ndi dziko ndikukumbutsa azimayi aku Afghanistan kuti sali okha.

Koma funso lomwe latsala m'mwamba ndiloti: Kodi angapitilize kusewera mpaka liti?? chess, ndi chinenero chake chapadziko lonse cha njira ndi kuleza mtima, apatsa akaziwa chida kuti apulumuke, koma sikokwanira. Kupambana kwenikweni kudzabwera pamene mutha kusewera popanda mantha, pamene burqa imasiya kukhala chishango ndikukhala kusankha, pamene bolodi sililinso chizindikiro cha kukana, koma masewera chabe. Mpaka pamenepo, masewera aliwonse adzakhala cheke ku ulamuliro, kusuntha kumodzinso mumasewera omwe sanathe.