Masu hazaka waɗanda suka canza dara dara

dara, wasan dabara, dabaru da hakuri, ya kasance wurin masu hazaka da cewa, fiye da basirarsa a kan allo, Sun bar tambarin da ba za a iya gogewa ba saboda ficewarsu. tsawon tarihi, Wasu 'yan wasan ba wai kawai sun yi fice don hazakarsu ba, amma kuma ta halaye, al'adu da halayen da suka saba wa al'ada. Daga haziƙan ƙwararru zuwa ƙididdiga waɗanda suka haɗa fasaha da gasa, Wadannan 'yan wasan dara sun nuna cewa girma a cikin dara ba koyaushe yana bin hanyar da ake iya faɗi ba. Ya eccentricity, nesa da zama mai sauƙi m hali, sau da yawa yana da alaƙa da kerawa, tsarinsa na musamman game da wasan har ma da ikonsa na canza yanayin yadda muke fahimtar dara. A cikin wannan labarin, Za mu bincika rayuwa da tarihin wasu fitattun ƴan wasan da suka bar tarihin wasan. “kimiyya-wasan”.

Damuwa a matsayin injin hazaka: shari'ar Bobby Fischer

Bobby Fischer da, tabbas, daya daga cikin fitattun 'yan wasan chess da suka fi daukar hankali a tarihi. Ƙaunar sa ba wai kawai ta bayyana a salon wasansa na tsana da kamala ba., amma kuma a rayuwarsa ta sirri, alama ta kusan cututtukan cututtuka tare da dara. Tun kuruciya, Fischer ya nuna iyawa ta musamman don wasan, amma kuma hali mai wahala. Zuwa ga 13 shekaru, Ya riga ya ƙalubalanci tsarkakan masters, kuma ga 15 ya zama Babban Malami mafi karancin shekaru a tarihi a lokacin, rikodin da ya rike shekaru da yawa.

Duk da haka, Hazakarsa ta kasance tare da wasu halaye da suka nisanta shi daga tunanin dan wasan dara mai natsuwa da tunani.. Fischer ya kasance sananne saboda buƙatunsa na ban mamaki: ana buƙatar cikakken shiru yayin wasanni, Ya canza hotel akai-akai don tsoron a yi masa leken asiri kuma, a wani lokaci, Har ya nemi a kashe na’urar sanyaya iska domin hayaniyar ta dauke masa hankali.. Tsananin kamala ya kai shi ƙin dangantaka a matsayi da sauran 'yan wasa za su yarda ba tare da jinkiri ba., kullum neman cikakken nasara.

Amma inda darajarsa ta kai kololuwa shine lokacin da ya yi ritaya daga gasar chess bayan ya zama zakaran duniya a gasar. 1972. Fischer, wanda ya sadaukar da rayuwarsa gaba daya ga wasan, ya bace daga wurin jama'a tsawon shekaru, kawai don sake bayyana a ciki 1992 a wasan ramuwar gayya da Boris Spassky a Yugoslavia, karya takunkumin kasa da kasa da aka kakaba wa kasar. Wannan aikin ba kawai ya bata masa suna ba, amma hakan ya kai shi ga yin gudun hijira tsawon shekaru. Fischer ba kawai gwani na ajedrez ba ne; Mutum ne da sha'awarsa ta cinye shi har ya kebe shi daga duniya.

Chess kamar fasaha: da m eccentricity na Marcel Duchamp

Marcel Duchamp babban jigo ne a fasahar zamani, sananne ga ayyuka kamar “Madogararsa” o “Babban gilashin”. Duk da haka, Abin da mutane da yawa ba su sani ba shi ne cewa Duchamp shi ma dan wasan dara ne., har ya kai kusan barin aikinsa na fasaha don sadaukar da kansa ga wasan kwaikwayo. Ƙaunar sa ba ta kwanta a cikin almubazzaranci hali, amma a cikin ikonsa na ganin dara a matsayin fasahar fasaha a kanta, tsawo na kerawa.

Duchamp ya koyi wasa dara a 20 shekaru kuma, cikin kankanin lokaci, Ya zama babban dan wasa. A ciki 1925, ya halarci gasar cin kofin Faransa da, ko da yake bai yi nasara ba, Hanyar da ya bi game da wasan ya kasance mai asali wanda ya dauki hankalin mutanen zamaninsa.. Za Duchamp, dara ba wasa ne kawai na hankali ba, amma misalta rayuwa, yakin ra'ayoyi inda kerawa da dabara suka haɗu. Har ma ya kera dara da alluna., fusing sha'awar fasaha tare da ƙaunarsa ga wasan.

Sadaukar da ya yi ga dara irin wannan, in 1933, yanke shawarar yin ritaya daga duniyar fasaha don mai da hankali kan caca. tsawon shekaru, Ya shiga gasar kasa da kasa kuma yana cikin tawagar Faransa a gasar Chess ta Olympics.. Duchamp bai ga sabani tsakanin bangaren fasaharsa da sha'awar dara ba.; gareshi, dukkansu maganganu ne na neman ilimi iri daya. Ya eccentricity, a wannan yanayin, ya kwanta a cikin ikonsa na rushe shingen da ke tsakanin fannonin ilimi, tabbatar da cewa dara zai iya zama mai kirkira kamar kowane nau'in fasaha.

Chess a matsayin abin kallo: rayuwar wasan kwaikwayo ta Mikhail Tal

Mikhail Tal, aka sani da “Mayen Riga”, Yana daya daga cikin mafi kwarjini da ƙwararrun ƴan wasan chess a tarihi. Salon wasansa, bisa ga sadaukarwa mai ban mamaki da haɗuwa masu haɗari, ya sanya shi tsafi ga masu son dara. Amma fiye da basirarsa a kan jirgin, Irin wannan hali ne na wasan kwaikwayo, dan wasan kwaikwayo wanda ya fahimci dara a matsayin abin kallo kamar wasan tunani.

Tal bai buga dara kawai ba; Na rayu da shi da kusan ban mamaki tsanani. Lokacin wasanni, Na sha taba ba tsayawa, sha kofi a yawan masana'antu da kuma, fiye da lokaci guda, an gan shi yana shan vodka a lokacin wasanni. Ƙa'idarsa ba ta iyakance ga salon rayuwarsa ba: a kan allo, Ba a iya faɗi ba. Ya sau da yawa hadaya guda ba tare da bayyananniya barata, mai amana da hayyacinsa da karfinsa na tada zaune tsaye. Wannan dabarar, ko da yake m, ya bashi kambun zakaran duniya a 1960, lokacin da ya doke Mikhail Botvinnik a wasa mai cike da motsin rai.

Amma Tal ba dan wasa ne kawai ba; ya kasance mai nunawa. A wani lokaci, a lokacin gasar a Moscow, Ya fito a dakin wasan sanye da riga da hular sama., kamar zai hau kan fage. A wani wasan, Ana ganinsa yana yawo a jikin allo yayin da kishiyarsa ke tunani, kamar yana gudanar da makada marar ganuwa. Ya eccentricity, duk da haka, Ba abu ne mai sauƙi ba: Ya kasance kari ne na halayen kirkire-kirkirensa da sha'awar yin dara fiye da wasa kawai.. Domin Irin wannan, kowane wasa wasa ne, kuma shi ne jarumin.

Chess a matsayin falsafa: Rayuwar ascetic na Emanuel Lasker

Emanuel Lasker, Zakaran Chess na Duniya 27 shekaru (1894-1921), Mutum ne na musamman a tarihin wasan. Ba wai kawai ya kasance ɗan wasa na musamman ba, amma kuma masanin falsafa, masanin lissafi kuma marubuci. Ƙa'idarsa ba ta cikin halaye masu ban mamaki, amma a tsarinsa na hankali game da dara, wanda ya yi la'akari da misalin rayuwa da kuma kayan aiki don fahimtar ilimin halin ɗan adam.

An haifi Lasker a 1868 a Prussia kuma, tun matashi, ya nuna hazakar hankali. Ya karanci ilmin lissafi da falsafa, kuma tsarin da ya yi game da chess ya sami tasiri sosai daga waɗannan fannonin. gareshi, wasan ba yaƙin ƙungiyoyi bane kawai, amma duel na tunani inda fahimtar abokin hamayya ya kasance mahimmanci kamar dabarun da ke kan jirgin. An san Lasker don daidaita salon wasansa da na abokin hamayyarsa, neman ba kawai don samun nasara ba, amma kuma ya fahimci tukwici da raunin mutumin da ke gabansa..

Har ila yau girman girmansa ya bayyana kansa a rayuwarsa ta sirri.. Lasker mutum ne mai saukin hali, kusan ascetic. Ya rayu cikin ladabi, duk da nasarorin da ya samu, kuma ya sadaukar da mafi yawan lokacinsa wajen karatu da rubutu.. A ciki 1907, ya buga littafi mai suna “Lucha”, inda ya binciko yanayin rikici da gasa, amfani da ka'idodin dara ga rayuwar yau da kullun. Za Lasker, dara ba wasa kawai ba ne; Hanya ce ta fahimtar duniya..

Mulkinsa a matsayin zakaran duniya shine mafi dadewa a tarihi, kuma gadonsa ya wuce nasarorin da ya samu. Lasker ya nuna cewa dara zai iya zama kayan aiki don tunani na falsafa, kuma kwarjininsa ya kasance a cikin ikonsa na ganin wasan fiye da gasa kawai.. gareshi, Kowane wasa wata dama ce don bincika tunanin ɗan adam da, daga karshe, don fahimtar kanku.

Eccentricity a matsayin gado: hazaka ko hauka?

Mafi yawan ƴan wasan chess a tarihi suna da hali iri ɗaya: iyawar ku don ganin wasan a hanya ta musamman, nesa da gundumomi. Fischer, Duchamp, Tal da Lasker ba wai kawai sun yi fice don iyawarsu ba, amma don hanyar sa na rayuwa, kowannensu ta hanyarsa. Fischer ya mayar da shi wani abin sha'awa da ya cinye shi; Duchamp ya canza shi zuwa tsarin fasaha; Ya rayu shi kamar abin kallo, kuma Lasker ya fahimci shi a matsayin falsafar rayuwa.

Amma, Shin girman girman sa alama ce ta hazaka ko hauka? Amsa, mai yiwuwa, Wani wuri ne a tsakani.. Abin da ya ke a fili shi ne yadda suke bi na musamman kan dara ba wai kawai ya sanya su fice a wasan ba, amma kuma ya bar tarihi mara gogewa a tarihin dara. Gadonsa yana tunatar da mu cewa “kimiyya-wasan” Ba yaƙin ƙungiyoyi ba ne kawai, amma kuma bayyanar da hali, kerawa da, a wasu lokuta, da eccentricity na masu wasa da shi.

A cikin duniyar da dara ke ƙara zama fasaha da nazari, Waɗannan 'yan wasan suna gayyatar mu don tunawa da hakan, a zahirinsa, Ches har yanzu wasan mutum ne. Wasan da hazaka da rashin sanin yakamata sukan tafi hannu da hannu, kuma inda girman gaskiya ba koyaushe yana bin hanyar da ake iya faɗi ba. Wataƙila, a karshe, eccentricity ba kome ba ne face wani nau'i na hazaka, hanyar ganin duniya daga mahangar musamman, Dangane da wadannan 'yan wasan, don juyin juya halin dara har abada.