Ajedrez a Mosul: juriya, far da farfado da al'adu

A tsakiyar wani birni mai cike da yaƙi da halaka, Mosul yana fitowa a matsayin alamar juriya. Bayan shekaru a karkashin karkiyar daular Musulunci (ISIS), wanda ya haramta chess saboda ya yi la'akari da shi “ga harsashi” —wasan da ke da alaƙa da dabarun soja da, saboda haka, m-, Mazauna wannan birni na Iraqi sun samu a kan allo 64 kwalaye hanyar sake gina ba kawai rayuwarsu ba, amma kuma al'adun su. Wannan labarin ya yi la'akari da yadda Ches ya zama al'amari na farfado da zamantakewa a Mosul, nazarin rawar da yake takawa wajen gyaran tunani, sake hadewar al'umma da dawo da al'adun da tsattsauran ra'ayi ya yi kokarin shafewa. Daga ingantattun gasa a wuraren taruwar jama'a zuwa makarantun da ke koyar da shi a matsayin kayan aikin koyarwa, tsohon wasan ya tsaya a matsayin wani aiki na juriya shiru da bege gama gari.

Chess a matsayin wanda aka azabtar da tsattsauran ra'ayi: haramcin da sakamakonsa

A lokacin da ISIS ta kwace birnin Mosul 2014, ya kafa tsarin ta'addanci wanda ya nemi sake rubuta rayuwar yau da kullun a karkashin gurguwar fassarar Musulunci. Daga cikin mafi sabani-amma a alamance masu ƙarfi-hani shine na dara.. Mayakan sun dauke shi a “wasan rashin aminci”, yana jayayya cewa yana ƙarfafa tunani mai mahimmanci da gasa, dabi'un da ba su dace da hangen nesansu na akida ba. An wawashe shagunan wasa, allunan sun kone sannan kuma ‘yan wasan sun yi barazanar za a hukunta su tun daga bulala zuwa kisa.

Duk da haka, Haramcin ba wai kawai ya nemi kawar da ayyukan nishaɗi ba, amma kuma ya wargaza al'adar da ta samo asali daga al'adun Mesopotamiya. dara, aka gabatar da shi a yankin a lokacin halifancin Abbasiyawa (Karni na 8), ya kasance wani ɓangare na al'adun ilimi na Iraqi shekaru aru-aru. Haramcinta wani hari ne kai tsaye kan ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, hanyar shafe tarihin jahiliyya da ISIS ta raina. Don yawancin Mosulis, Tsayawa wasa yayi kamar rasa wani bangare na kansu: sarari don tunani, zamantakewa da, sama da duka, 'yanci.

Sakamakon tunani ya kasance mai zurfi. Bincike bayan 'yantar da Mosul ya nuna cewa rashin iya gudanar da ayyukan nishadi-musamman wadanda ke bukatar maida hankali da dabaru-ya kara tabarbarewar matsalolin da suka biyo baya a cikin jama'a.. dara, tare da iya kara kuzari da juriya, ya kasance mafaka ga mutane da yawa. Rashinsa ya bar gidan da tsoro da tashin hankali suka kasa cikawa..

A allo a matsayin far: dara da lafiyar kwakwalwa a cikin birni mai rauni

Tare da 'yantar da Mosul a 2017, Chess ya tashi daga toka a matsayin kayan aikin warkarwa da ba a zata ba. Kungiyoyin kasa da kasa irinsu Ƙungiyar Chess ta Duniya (FIDE) kuma kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu sun fara inganta bita a cibiyoyin al'umma, makarantu da ma a sansanonin ‘yan gudun hijira. Manufar ba kawai koyar da dokokin wasan ba ne, amma don amfani da tsarinsa don taimakawa waɗanda ke fama da rikici.

Abubuwan da ake amfani da su na chess a cikin abubuwan da suka faru bayan rikici an rubuta su sosai. Wani bincike da aka buga a cikin Jaridar Traumatic Stress in 2020 ya yi nazari kan tasirinsa a kan tsoffin sojojin da suka tsira daga mummunan tashin hankali, ƙaddamar da cewa wasan yana inganta ikon yanke shawara a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba kuma yana rage damuwa. Kuma Mosul, Waɗannan tasirin sun ninka. Ga yara, wanda ya girma a cikin yanayin da aka haramta caca, koyon darasi ya zama aikin tawaye da daidaitawa. Ga manya, Hanya ce ta sake haɗawa da wani yanki na ainihi nasu wanda suke tunanin ya ɓace..

Alamar alamar ita ce ta Ahmed Al-Juburi, wani malamin lissafi wanda ya rasa dan uwansa a harin bam a lokacin yakin birnin. Bayan saki, Ahmed ya sami hanyar da zai watsa ciwon cikin dara. “lokacin da nake wasa, hankalina ya maida hankali kan allo. na wasu mintuna, Na manta karar fashewar abubuwa”, Ya furta hakan ne a wata hira da yayi da Al Jazeera. Hoy, yana gudanar da kulab din dara a unguwar Al-Zuhur, inda yake koyar da matasa su waye, kamar shi, Suna neman sake gina makomarsu.

Ƙaddamarwa irin su Ahmed sun nuna cewa chess ba abin sha'awa ba ne kawai, amma gada zuwa farfadowar tunani. Tsarinsa - bisa ga ƙayyadaddun ƙa'idodi da sakamakon da ake iya faɗi - ya bambanta da hargitsin da aka samu yayin aikin., ba wa 'yan wasa fahimtar kulawa a cikin duniyar da ta kwashe komai daga gare su.

Daga boye-boye zuwa gasa: sake gina al'ummar dara dara

A cikin shekarun aikin, dara bai bace gaba daya ba: ya shiga karkashin kasa. a cikin ginshiki, bayan gida har ma da masallatai da aka watsar, kananan kungiyoyin 'yan wasa sun hadu a asirce, suna kasada da rayukansu don motsa dawa. Wadannan wasanni, wasa tare da ingantattun alluna ko ma zana a ƙasa, Sun kasance ayyukan juriya shiru. “Hanyarmu ce ta gaya wa ISIS cewa ba za su iya sarrafa tunaninmu ba.”, rahotanni Fatima Hassan, wata budurwa mai shirya tarurruka a gidanta.

Bayan saki, Waɗannan ƙungiyoyin asiri sun aza harsashi na ƙaƙƙarfan tsarin chess. A ciki 2018, An gudanar da gasar farko a hukumance a birnin Mosul tun bayan faduwar kungiyar ISIS, tare da fiye da 200 mahalarta. Lamarin, wanda ya dauki nauyin FIDE da gwamnatin Iraqi, Alamar daidaitawa ce, amma kuma tunatarwa na nawa sauran a yi. Yawancin ’yan wasa ba su da kayan aiki na yau da kullun—robodi maimakon itace, allunan da aka sawa—kuma wuraren wasanni sun lalace.

Duk da matsalolin, Al'ummar Mosulí chess sun girma sosai. Hoy, akwai fiye da haka 15 kulake masu aiki a cikin birni, wasu daga cikinsu tare da tallafi daga kungiyoyin kasa da kasa. Daya daga cikin mafi shahara shi ne Al-Mosul Chess Club, tsoffin 'yan wasan karkashin kasa suka kafa, bayar da azuzuwan kyauta ga yara da manya. Wanda ya kafa ta, Mohammed Al-Dulaimi, ya bayyana: “Ba kawai mu koyar da yadda ake wasa ba; muna koyar da tunani. Muna son matasa su fahimci cewa kowane motsi yana da sakamako, kamar a rayuwa”.

Chess kuma ya yi aiki don karya shingen zamantakewa. A cikin garin da bangaranci da bacin rai ya rabu, gasa ta hada Ahlus-Sunnah, 'Yan Shi'a, Kurdawa da Kirista a cikin tsaka tsaki. “Anan ba komai daga ina kuka fito ko addinin da kuke da'awa. Abinda kawai ke da mahimmanci shine dabarun ku”, sharhi Layla Karim, daya daga cikin mata kalilan da ke shiga gasar cikin gida. Shigarsu yana da mahimmanci musamman a cikin al'ummar da har yanzu mata ke fuskantar takunkumi kan shiga ayyukan jama'a..

Chess a matsayin alamar gaba: ilimi da bege ga sababbin tsararraki

Idan Ches ya kasance balm ga manya, Ga 'ya'yan Mosul yana wakiltar wata taga zuwa makoma ta daban. Makarantun gwamnati da masu zaman kansu sun shigar da wasan cikin shirye-shiryensu na ilimi, ba kawai a matsayin aikin extracurricular ba, amma a matsayin kayan aikin koyarwa. Bincike ya nuna cewa dara yana inganta aikin ilimi a fannin lissafi da kimiyya, ta hanyar haɓaka ƙwarewa irin su tunani mai ma'ana, maida hankali da kerawa.

Babban misali shi ne Aikin “Chess don Aminci”, kore ta UNESCO tare da hadin gwiwar ma'aikatar ilimi ta Iraki. Shirin, wanda ke aiki a ciki 20 Makarantun Mosul, yana amfani da dara don koyar da dabi'u kamar girmamawa, hakuri da warware rikici cikin lumana. “Yaran da ke koyon dara ba su da saurin tashin hankali”, jihohi Dr. Samir Al-Hamdani, mai gudanar da aikin. “Muna koya musu cewa kowace matsala tana da mafita, kuma wannan zalunci ba shine hanya ba”.

Ga matasa da yawa, Chess kuma hanya ce ta fita daga talauci. A garin da rashin aikin yi ya wuce 30%, Wasu 'yan wasan sun sami damar tattalin arziki a wasan. Gasa tare da kyaututtukan kuɗi, ’yan kasuwa na gida ne ke daukar nauyinsu, sun yarda matasa kamar Ali Abbas, na 17 shekaru, taimaki iyalansu. “Na yi nasara 500 daloli a gasar bara. da wannan kudin, mahaifina ya iya gyara rufin gidanmu”, Ali account, wanda ke mafarkin zama babban malamin duniya.

Duk da haka, Babban tasirin dara akan sabbin tsararraki ya wuce tattalin arziki ko ilimi. Ga yaran da suka taso a tsakiyar yaki, wasan shine misalin rayuwa: yana koyar da cewa, har ma a cikin yanayi mafi wahala, akwai dakin dabara da bege. “Kafin, Na san tashin hankali ne kawai. Yanzu na san akwai wasu hanyoyin samun nasara”, dice Nur Al-Mansouri, yarinya ta 12 shekaru suna shiga cikin aikin UNESCO.

Ƙarshe: duba ga mantuwa

Farfado da dara a Mosul ya fi murmurewa da wasa: Yana da sake gina wani ainihi, warkar da raunuka masu zurfi da kuma tabbatar da cewa, ko da a cikin mafi duhu mahallin, bil'adama ya sami hanyoyin da za a iya tsayayya. Tun daga haramcin da ISIS ta yi zuwa sake bullowarta a matsayin kayan aikin warkewa, ilimi da al'umma, Chess ya tabbatar da cewa alama ce ta juriya a cikin birni wanda ya ƙi a ayyana shi da abin da ya gabata..

Gasar da aka yi a dandalin jama'a, Kungiyoyin asiri sun koma makarantu da yaran da suka koyi motsi a maimakon amfani da makami sun nuna cewa dara ya zarce matsayinsa na wasa ya zama siyasa.: ayyana cewa Mosul na da rai, cewa ba a ci galaba a kan mutanensa ba da wancan, ko da a kan allon rayuwa, akwai dakin dabara, bege da nasara.

Duk da haka, Hanyar ba tare da kalubale ba.. Kayayyakin wasanni sun kasance masu haɗari, Tallafin gwamnati yana da iyaka kuma ana ci gaba da nuna kyama ga zamantakewa, musamman ga mata masu wasa. Amma gaskiyar cewa chess ya sami nasarar bunƙasa a ƙarƙashin waɗannan yanayi shine, cikin kansa, nasara. Kamar yadda babban malami ya taba fada Garry Kasparov: “Chess shine gymnastics na hankali”. Kuma Mosul, cewa gymnastics ya zama motsa jiki a cikin sake ginawa tare, inda kowane wasa mataki ne na samun kyakkyawar makoma.

ga duniya, Tarihin dara a Mosul yana tunatar da cewa al'adar, tunani mai mahimmanci da ƙirƙira makamai ne masu ƙarfi na yaƙi da tsattsauran ra'ayi. Kuma ga Mosulis, hujja ce, koda bayan magriba, wasan-da rayuwa-na iya sake farawa koyaushe.