Izingcaphuno ezidumile mayelana ne-chess: izifundo zokuphila namasu

I-Chess ingaphezu nje komdlalo wamasu.; Kuwumfanekiso wempilo, inkundla yempi yobuhlakani kanye nomthombo ongapheli wogqozi. kuwo wonke umlando, abantu abaqavile abavela emikhakheni eyahlukene—kusukela kwizazi zefilosofi nababhali kuye kososayensi nabasubathi—batholé ebhodini 64 amabhokisi isingathekiso esinamandla sokuveza imibono ngokucabanga, ubuhlakani, ukubekezela kanye nokwenza ngcono. Ikona izingcaphuno ezidumile mayelana chess Abagcini nje ngokuthwebula ingqikithi yomdlalo, kodwa futhi ziveza ukuthi ithonya labo lidlula kanjani inkundla yokuzijabulisa ukuze libe ithuluzi lokuzindla komuntu siqu kanye neqoqo.. Kulesi sihloko, Sizohlola ezinye zezingcaphuno ezikhumbuleka kakhulu, ehlaziya umongo wayo, Incazelo yabo ejulile nokuthi kungani beqhubeka nokuzwakala emasikweni athandwayo. Kusukela ekuthakaseleni amakhosi amakhulu kuya ekuboniseni kwalabo abakubona njengesibuko sokuphila, Lawa magama asimema ukuthi sithole i-chess emibonweni engalindelekile.

I-Chess njengesibuko somqondo womuntu

I-Chess ichazwe njenge “ijimu yengqondo” ngekhono layo lokuqeqesha amakhono okuqonda njengenkumbulo, ukugxilisa ingqondo nokucabanga okunengqondo. Akukona nje ukuqondana ukuthi izibalo like Albert Einstein baye batusa ukubaluleka kwayo kwezemfundo. Einstein, obezifela ngomdlalo, kusho: “I-Chess iyi-gymnastics yengqondo”. Lesi sisho, kubonakala kulula, iqukethe iqiniso elijulile: i-chess ayidingi nje ukubala iminyakazo, kodwa futhi ulindele izinhloso zomphikisi, into edinga ukuqonda cishe ngokwengqondo komphikisi.

Omunye umcabango owabona i-chess njengesingathekiso sobuhlakani kwaba Napoleon Bonaparte, I-WHO, nakuba engeyena umdlali ovelele, yabona ukuba wusizo kwamasu: “I-Chess iwubuciko bokuhlaziya”. KuNapoleon, umdlalo ubuyinkundla yokuziqeqeshela ukuthatha izinqumo ngaphansi kwengcindezi, ikhono elibalulekile kokubili enkundleni yempi kanye nasempilweni yansuku zonke. Lokhu kucabanga kugcizelela ukuthi i-chess, ngaphezu kokuzilibazisa, Isiyalo esilolonga indlela esicubungula ngayo ulwazi futhi sibhekane nezinselele.

Kodwa mhlawumbe enye yezingcaphuno ezembula kakhulu mayelana ne-chess njengokubonakaliswa kwengqondo ivela ku-grandmaster Garry Kasparov: “I-Chess ukulwa nephutha”. Kasparov, uthathwa njengomunye wabadlali abahamba phambili emlandweni, Ngaqonda ukuthi isitha sangempela akusona isitha, kodwa imikhawulo yengqondo ngokwayo. Wonke umdlalo uyimpi yokulwa nokunemba, ukuthatheka kanye nokuntuleka kombono wesikhathi eside. Lo mbono uxhuma ngqo nengqondo yomuntu.: I-Chess iveza ubuthakathaka bethu bengqondo futhi isiphoqa ukuba sibunqobe.

I-Chess njengesingathekiso sempilo namasu

Uma i-chess iyisibuko somqondo, Kuphinde kube isingathekiso esinamandla sempilo.. Osaziwayo abaningi baphendukele kuye ukuze abachazele imiqondo efana nokubekezela, ukuzidela nokuhlela. Siegbert Tarrasch, omunye wabaqambi be-chess abanethonya kakhulu, wakuveza ngokucacile: “i-chess, njengothando, njengomculo, unamandla okwenza umuntu ajabule”. Lesi sisho sidlulela ngale kokudlalayo: iphakamisa ukuthi umdlalo, njengezinkanuko ezinkulu zomuntu, ingaba umthombo wokugcwaliseka.

Kodwa i-chess ibuye ifundise izifundo ezinzima ngempilo. Bobby Fischer, ubuhlakani bakhe ebhodini babuqhathanisa nokuba khona kwakhe kwezinxushunxushu, kusho: “I-Chess iyimpilo”. UFischer wayekuqonda lokho, njengasemdlalweni, Empilweni kumele wenze izinqumo ezinemiphumela engeke ibuyelwe emuva, lapho yonke inhlangano ingasiholela empumelelweni noma ekuhlulekeni. Lo mbono uzwakala ikakhulukazi emhlabeni lapho ukungaqiniseki nokuncintisana kuhlala njalo..

Omunye umbono othakazelisayo yilowo we UVladimir Nabokov, I-WHO, kanye nombhali, Wayengumdlali we-chess oshisekayo. U-Nabokov waqhathanisa i-chess nezincwadi: “I-Chess iyinkondlo ye-logic”. ngaye, Umdlalo ubuyindlela yobuciko lapho ubuqambi nokucabanga kuhlangana khona. Lo mbono wobuciko we-chess uwuphakamisela ezingeni elicishe libe lefilosofi., lapho umdlalo ngamunye uwumsebenzi oyingqayizivele, engenakuphindwa futhi egcwele incazelo.

I-Chess njengethuluzi lokuzithuthukisa komuntu siqu

Ngale kwesu nesingathekiso, I-Chess ibe yimoto yokuzithuthukisa kubantu abaningi.. José Raúl Kapablanca, omunye wompetha bomhlaba abathakazelayo, kusho: “I-Chess ingaphezu nje komdlalo; Kuwukuphambukisa kobuhlakani okunobuciko obuthile nesayensi eningi”. I-Capablanca, owaziwa ngesitayela sakhe esinembile, Wayebona i-chess njengendlela yokuhlakulela ubungcweti., lapho ukuzijwayeza njalo nokufunda okujulile bekuyisihluthulelo sokuzuza impumelelo.

Lo mbono wokuthuthukiswa ukhona namazwi athi Emanuel Lasker, owayebambe: “ku-chess, njengasempilweni, isitha esiyingozi kakhulu nguwe uqobo”. I-Lasker, iqhawe lomhlaba ngesikhathi 27 iminyaka, Wayeqonda ukuthi inselelo yangempela kwakungekhona ukunqoba imbangi, kodwa ukulawula imizwelo yomuntu siqu nokulinganiselwa kwakhe. Le mfundiso ingeyomhlaba wonke: kunoma iyiphi indawo yempilo, Ukuzazi nokuzithiba kungamathuluzi abalulekile okukhula.

Ngisho nezibalo ezingaphandle kwezwe le-chess zithole umthombo wokugqugquzela kuwo.. Bruce Lee, umculi wezempi odumile, kusho: “I-Chess ngumdlalo wesinqumo. Konke umnyakazo kuyisinqumo, futhi zonke izinqumo zinemiphumela”. Ku-Lee, i-chess yayiziqeqeshela impilo yonke, lapho konke ukukhetha—kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kuncane kangakanani—kungashintsha inkambo yezenzakalo. Le filosofi ihambisana nesisho sakhe esidumile: “Hlela lokho okuwusizo, lahla okungenamsebenzi futhi wengeze okungokwakho”, umqondo ongasetshenziswa kahle kuqhinga le-chess.

I-Chess kusiko elidumile kanye nefa layo laphakade

I-Chess ayizange ikhuthaze izazi zefilosofi nabasubathi kuphela, kodwa futhi kushiye uphawu olungacimeki esikweni elidumile. amafilimu afanayo Uphawu lwesikhombisa ngu-Ingmar Bergman Ifuna uBobby Fischer Basebenzise umdlalo njengophawu lomzabalazo phakathi kokuphila nokufa, ubumsulwa nesifiso sokuvelela. Nasemculweni, abaculi abathanda UDavid Bowie Baye babhekisela ku-chess emazwini abo, njengaseculweni I-Chess, lapho eyiqhathanisa nempi engokomzwelo.

Kodwa mhlawumbe enye yezingcaphuno ezinkondlo kakhulu mayelana ne-chess ivela UJorge Luis Borges, owachaza ngokuthi “umdlalo ongapheli ebhodini elingapheli”. Borges, umatasatasa nemidlalo yengqondo, Ngabona ku-chess isingathekiso sendawo yonke: imithetho ecacile, kodwa amathuba angenamkhawulo. Lo mbono uthwebula ingqikithi yomdlalo: nakuba izingcezu nemithetho kulungisiwe, ukusungula komuntu akunamingcele.

Ifa le-chess liphinde libonakale ekhonweni layo lokuhlanganisa izizukulwane. Njengoba esho Anatoly Karpov: “I-Chess ingunaphakade. Imidlalo yongcweti abakhulu bakudala isaqhubeka nokusifundisa namuhla”. Lokhu kuqhubekela phambili komlando kukhombisa ukuthi i-chess akuwona nje umdlalo, kodwa ifa lamasiko eleqa isikhathi nendawo.

Iziphetho: chess njengesikole sempilo

Las izingcaphuno ezidumile mayelana chess esikuhlolile kwembula iqiniso eliyisisekelo: Lo mdlalo ungaphezu nje kokuzilibazisa. Kuyithuluzi lokuqonda ingqondo yomuntu, isingathekiso sempilo, indlela eya ekuthuthukisweni komuntu siqu kanye nefa lamasiko elihlala amakhulu eminyaka. Ukusuka e-Einstein kuya eBorges, edlula eFischer naseCapablanca, ngayinye yalezi zibalo ezitholakala ebhodini 64 amabhokisi umthombo ugqozi, ukucabanga nokufunda.

I-Chess isifundisa ukuthi isu akukhona nje ukubala iminyakazo, kodwa futhi uqonde izinhloso zomunye, okuthile okubalulekile kunoma yikuphi ukusebenzelana komuntu. Kusikhumbuza ukuthi iphutha liyingxenye yenqubo nokuthi ukubekezela kuwubuhle. Kuyasikhombisa lokho, njengasempilweni, Zonke izinqumo zinemiphumela futhi lokho kuphumelela kweqiniso akuzuzwa ngethalente kuphela., kodwa ngesiyalo kanye lokuzazi.

Ezweni eliya ngokuya lihamba ngesivinini, lapho ukushesha kubonakala kuyinto evamile, i-chess isimema ukuthi sime, cabanga futhi uhlele. Akukona nje ukuqondana ukuthi ukuthandwa kwayo kuye kwakhula esikhathini sedijithali: endaweni egcwele iziphazamiso, umdlalo unikeza isikhala sokugxila nokujula. Njengoba uKasparov eshilo, “i-chess ukulwa nephutha”, nakuleyo mpi, Sonke singathola izifundo ezibalulekile.

Ngakho ngokuzayo lapho uhlala phambi kwebhodi, khumbula ukuthi awudlali nje umdlalo: ubamba iqhaza esikweni lasendulo elikhuthaze izingqondo ezithile ezinkulu emlandweni. futhi ngubani owaziyo, mhlawumbe ngaleso sikhathi sokugxilisa ingqondo ngokuphelele, ungatholi nje umdlalo owinayo, kodwa futhi nombono omusha ngempilo.