Ibhodi le-chess likaDa Vinci eliyimfihlo: imfihlakalo nobuciko

I-Chess ibiwuphawu lwesu amakhulu eminyaka., ubuhlakani kanye nobuciko. Nokho, abambalwa abazi ukuthi omunye wezihlakaniphi ezikhona emhlabeni wonke emlandweni, ULeonardo da Vinci, uhlole lo mdlalo wasendulo ngombono oyingqayizivele, ukuhlanganisa izibalo, i-cryptography kanye nomklamo. I-Italy, indawo yokuzalwa ye-Renaissance, igcina impicabadala ekhangayo ezinqolobaneni zayo kanye nezinganekwane: ibhodi le-chess eliyimfihlo elaklanywa uDa Vinci. Kwabe kuwukuzilibazisa nje, ikhodi efihliwe noma ithuluzi lokudlulisa ulwazi olunqatshelwe? Lesi sihloko sidingida ubudlelwano phakathi kwe-Florentine master ne-chess, ukwembula izingqinamba ngemuva kwebhodi lakho, ukuxhumana kwakhe okungenzeka nemiphakathi eyimfihlo nokuthi ifa lakhe liqhubeka kanjani nokuba nomthelela kumasiko ase-Italy kanye nomhlaba wemidlalo.

ULeonardo da Vinci kanye nokuthakasela kwakhe nge-chess

ULeonardo da Vinci wayengeyena nje umdwebi, umsunguli nososayensi, kodwa futhi othanda chess. Yize engekho amarekhodi acacile emidlalo ayidlalile, Izincwadi zakhe namakhodidi embula intshisekelo ejulile emidlalweni yamasu.. Kuyo I-Atlantic Codex, Ngokwesibonelo, Kunamanothi ngokunyakaza kwezingcezu kanye nemiklamo yejometri okukhumbuza ibhodi.. Kodwa kubonakala sengathi ukuthatheka kwakhe kwangempela kwaba ukuphelela kwezibalo yomdlalo.

UDa Vinci wabona i-chess njengomfanekiso womkhathi: uhlelo wayala lapho ucezu ngalunye, njengamaplanethi, walandela imithetho eqondile. Ezifundweni zakhe ngezilinganiso, njengaye Vitruvian Man, sebenzisa izimiso ezifanayo nalezo ezingase zilawule ibhodi. Ezinye izazi-mlando zisikisela ukuthi waklama okuhlukile komdlalo, ukulungisa inani lamabhokisi noma isakhiwo sokuqala ukuze uhlole ama-dynamics amasha. Nokho, Into ethakazelisa kakhulu ukudalwa kwayo okungenzeka kwe-a ibhodi “imfihlo”, umklamo owedlula owejwayelekile.

Kungani ibhodi eliyimfihlo? Ngekhulu le-15 uFlorence, i-chess yayingeyona nje into yokuzijabulisa, kodwa futhi nolimi olubethelwe. Izihlakaniphi eziphakeme ziyisebenzisele ukudlulisa imilayezo efihliwe, kanye noDa Vinci, kuxhunywe emibuthanweni efana Ama-Neoplatonists, ibingase isetshenziselwe izinhloso ezifanayo. Ibhodi lakho bekungeke kube into elula, kodwa umsebenzi wobuciko osebenzayo, lapho yonke imininingwane—kusukela ezintweni ezisetshenziswayo kuye emifanekisweni eqoshiwe—ingaba nencazelo.

Ibhodi eliyimfihlo: umklamo, izimpawu kanye namathiyori

Ibhodi lika-Da Vinci okuthiwa i-chess alikaze litholakale, kodwa imikhondo yokuba khona kwayo ivela emithonjeni engaqondile. Enye yezinto ezicashunwe kakhulu yi- Umbhalo wesandla B, lapho a “umdlalo wempi” ngezingcezu ezimelela izibalo zezinganekwane neze-alchemical. Ngaphandle kwalokho, kuyo I-Forster Codex, kukhona imidwebo yamabhodi nge izikwele ezingavamile namaphethini angalandeli i-standard 8×8.

Leli bhodi belizobukeka kanjani?? Ngokusho kwemibono eyamukelwa kakhulu, ingaba nezici ezilandelayo:

• Indlela engajwayelekile: Esikhundleni sesikwele esiphelele, kungaba ihexagon noma unxande olude, ugqugquzelwe izifundo zakhe zamapholigoni.
• Izimpawu ezifihliwe: Amabhokisi ayengaba nezinhlamvu zesiGreki, Izinombolo zamaRoma noma ama-hieroglyphs, kuxhumene nocwaningo lwakhe lwe-cryptography.
• izinto ezinhle: UDa Vinci wayecophelela ngezinto zokwakha; ibhodi lalingabazwa ngezinyo lendlovu, i-ebony noma ihlotshiswe ngezinsimbi eziyigugu, njengamawashi nemishini yabo.
• Izingcezu eziyingqayizivele: Esikhundleni samakhosi nemibhoshongo, Izingcezu zizomelela izibalo ezivela kuzinganekwane zasendulo noma izibalo zomlando, njengasemidwebeni yakhe yempi.

Kodwa isici esithakazelisa kakhulu ukusebenza kwayo okungenzeka njenge ikhodi. Abanye abacwaningi, njengosomlando Domenico Laurenza, phakamisa ukuthi ibhodi kungaba yithuluzi lokuchaza imilayezo. Ngokwesibonelo, izindawo ezithile zezingcezu zingenza kusebenze izinhlanganisela zezinombolo lokho, zisetshenziswa emibhalweni yabo yesandla, yayizoveza imibhalo efihliwe. Lo mbono usekelwa yiqiniso lokuthi uDa Vinci wayengumpetha i-steganography (ubuciko bokufihla imiyalezo), njengoba imibhalo yakhe yesibuko ibonisa.

Enye i-hypothesis ixhumanisa ibhodi ne I-Alchemy. Ku-Renaissance, I-Chess yayibhekwa njengesingathekiso senqubo ye-alchemical: Izingcezu ezimnyama nezimhlophe zazimelela okuphambene. (ilanga nenyanga, isulfure kanye ne-mercury) okwakudingeka bahlangane ukuze kuzuzwe “itshe lesazi sefilosofi”. Da Vinci, owafunda i-alchemy nomngane wakhe Francesco Melzi, kungenzeka ukuthi uklame ibhodi njengebalazwe elingokomfanekiso lalolu hambo lukamoya.

Ukuxhumana nezinhlangano eziyimfihlo kanye nefa e-Italy

Ibhodi likaDa Vinci ngeke libe yinto eyedwa, kodwa ingxenye yenethiwekhi yolwazi egcinelwe abangaphakathi. Ku-Renaissance Italy, imiphakathi efana AmaRosicrucians (nakuba isisekelo sawo esisemthethweni saba kamuva) kanye ne Brothers of Common Life Basebenzisa izimpawu nemidlalo ukudlulisa ukuhlakanipha kwe-esoteric. Da Vinci, ivikelwe ngabaxhasi abafana Lodovico Sforza futhi ixhunywe enkantolo yaseMedici, ube nokufinyelela kule mibuthano.

Enye yemibono ephikisana kakhulu ukuthi ibhodi laliyingxenye ye uhlelo lokuthwasa. Ngokusho kombhali UMario Praz, eminye imiklamo ye-Da Vinci iqukethe izihluthulelo zokuqonda amasiko okulumba. Ngokwesibonelo, emdwebeni wakhe Isidlo Sakusihlwa Sokugcina, Isimo sabaphostoli kanye nezenzo zikaJesu kuhunyushwe ngokuthi a “ikhodi ye-chess”, lapho umlingisi ngamunye ezomela ucezu kugeyimu yamandla.

Ifa laleli bhodi lihlala e-Italy ngezindlela ezingalindelekile:

• Amamyuziyamu namaqoqo angasese: Yize ibhodi lokuqala lingakahlonzwa, ezinye izinto ku I-National Museum of Science and Technology uLeonardo da Vinci eMilan bakhombisa imiklamo engaba ama-prototypes.
• Izincwadi nesinema: Isebenza njenge Ikhodi ye-Da Vinci nguDan Brown baye bandisa umbono wokuthi u-Florentine master ushiye imilayezo efihliwe endalweni yakhe, nakuba enamalayisense obuciko.
• imidlalo yesimanje: Abaklami be-chess base-Italy, njenge Davide Cali, udale amabhodi aphefumulelwe imidwebo kaDa Vinci, ukuhlanganisa ubuciko namasu.

Ngaphandle kwalokho, emadolobheni afana neFlorence neRoma, Imidlalo ye-Chess isahlelwa ezigcawini zomlando, njengaye I-Piazza della Signoria, lapho ukunyakaza okusekelwe emibonweni kaDa Vinci kwakhiwa kabusha. Le micimbi ayigcini nje ngokubungaza umdlalo, kodwa futhi nefa lengqondo lendoda eyabona ku-chess ibhuloho phakathi kobuciko nesayensi.

Likuphi ibhodi namuhla? Izimfihlakalo ezingaxazululiwe

Naphezu kwemizamo yezazi-mlando nabaqoqi, Ukuthi ukuphi ibhodi likaDa Vinci kuseyimpicabadala. Imibono mayelana nendawo yayo ihlukene njengoba ihlaba umxhwele.:

• Ezandleni zomndeni ohloniphekile: Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi ibhodi linikezwe umphathi., njenge Isabel d'Este, futhi esagcinwe eqoqweni langasese e-Italy noma eFrance.
• Kufihlwe endlini yezindela: Ngesikhathi se-Counter Reformation, izinto eziningi ezicatshangelwayo “abahlubuki” Babefihlwe ezindlini zezindelakazi. Ibhodi lingaba sendaweni efana ne Isigodlo sikaSanta Maria delle Grazie eMilan, lapho uDa Vinci apenda khona Isidlo Sakusihlwa Sokugcina.
• Icekelwe phansi noma ilahlekile: Abanye baphikisa lokho, kunikezwe ubunjalo bokuhlola bukaDa Vinci, Ibhodi lalingaba i-prototype engakaze yenziwe ngezinto ezihlala isikhathi eside..
• Emnyuziyamu ongaziwa: Izikhungo ezifana ne I-Louvre noma i British Museum Bagcina izinkulungwane zezinto ezingabaliwe. Ngingaba phakathi kwabo, zilindele ukuphinde zitholwe.

Ku 2019, ithimba labacwaningi eliholwa ngu Isikhungo sase-Italy sikaLeonardo Studies umemezele ukutholakala kombhalo wesandla eMtatsheni Wezincwadi wase-Ambrosiana eMilan owabalula a “ibhodi lempi” yakhelwe nguDa Vinci. Nokho, idokhumenti ayizange ibe nezincazelo ezinemininingwane, kushiya imibuzo eminingi kunezimpendulo.

Impicabadala iyaxaka ukuthi uDa Vinci wayaziwa ngaye chitha noma uguqule imisebenzi yabo uma bengahlangabezani nezindinganiso zabo. Ukube ibhodi belikhona, kungenzeka ukuthi ihlakaziwe noma yashintshwa ngendlela engenakuqashelwa. Ngaphandle kwalokho, Indlela yayo yokusebenza—esekelwe kumidwebo nama-prototypes—yenza kube nzima ukuhlukanisa phakathi kombono nento ebonakalayo..

Iqiniso liwukuthi, ngaphezu kokuba khona kwayo okuphathekayo, Ibhodi likaDa Vinci lihlala emcabangweni ohlangene. Njalo ngonyaka, izifundo ezintsha kanye nemibukiso kuvuselela amathuba okuthi iphinde itholwe, ukubhebhezela inganekwane yengcweti eyashintsha i-chess yaba ubuciko bemilingo.

Iziphetho: i-chess njengefa le-universal genius

Indaba yebhodi eliyimfihlo likaLeonardo da Vinci ingaphezu kwe-anecdote enelukuluku: Kuwukubonakaliswa komqondo wakho ongaphumuli, ekwazi ukuguqula ngisho nomdlalo wasendulo ube umsebenzi wobuciko kanye nempicabadala yobuhlakani. Ngemiklamo yakho, UDa Vinci akazange ahlole imithetho ye-chess kuphela, kodwa futhi nemingcele phakathi kokubonakalayo nokufihliwe, phakathi kwamasu kanye nezimpawu. Ibhodi lakhe okungenzeka lalingeyona into elula, kodwa a ikhodi, futhi imephu ulwazi olugcinelwe labo ababekwazi ukuluchaza.

I-Italy, njengesigcawu seRenaissance, Bekuyilabhorethri efanelekile yalokhu kuhlangana kwezifundo. Emadolobheni afana neFlorence neMilan, lapho ubuciko, isayensi kanye ne-esotericism kwahlala ndawonye, i-chess yaba ulimi lomhlaba wonke. Da Vinci, ngobuhlakani bakhe obuhlukahlukene, ithathe le geyimu yayisa kubukhulu obusha, ukulindela imibono esiyibona namuhla ngobuhlakani bokwenziwa, i-cryptography kanye nomklamo wegeyimu yevidiyo. Ifa lakhe lisikhumbuza ukuthi i-chess akuwona nje umdlalo wengqondo, kodwa futhi a isingathekiso sempilo: ibhodi lapho konke ukunyakaza kubalwa khona, lapho ubuhlakani nobuhlakani buhlangana khona.

Nakuba ibhodi elibonakalayo lisalahlekile, Umoya wakhe uyakhuthazela kuyo yonke imidlalo esiyidlalayo, kuwo wonke amasu esiwakhayo. Kungenzeka, njengoba abanye besikisela, Umlayezo weqiniso kaDa Vinci awukho ekutholeni into, kodwa ekuqondeni ukuthi ulwazi—njenge-chess—kuwumdlalo ongapheli. Umdlalo lapho, njengoba yena ngokwakhe abhala, “ukufunda akukhathazi ingqondo”. Futhi kulokho kufunda, I-Italy iyaqhubeka nokuba yisimo esihle sokulandela ezinyathelweni zabo.