Chess ezingxabanweni: umdlalo ohlanganisa izingane zakwa-Israel nezasePalestine

Ezweni lapho izingxabano ze-geopolitical zibonakala zihlukanisa abantu emnyombweni, Kunendawo lapho izingane zakwa-Israel kanye nezasePalestine zingahlangana khona ngaphandle kwamafulege noma imingcele: ibhodi le-chess. Lo mdlalo wasendulo, okungaphezu nje kokuzilibazisa, seliyibhuloho elingokomfanekiso phakathi nokushuba, ukukhombisa lokho ngisho nasezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, isintu singathola amaphuzu okuxhumana. Kodwa, I-chess idlula kanjani imingcele yokungqubuzana? Yiziphi izifundo zokuthula, ukuqina nozwela kungathathwa kulokhu okuhlangenwe nakho okwabiwe? Ngezindaba zangempela, ubufakazi nokuhlaziya ngokwengqondo, Sizohlola ukuthi i-chess ayifundisi kanjani isu kuphela, kodwa futhi nekhono lokubona abanye ngale kwe-stereotype. Kusukela emiqhudelwaneni yemiphakathi kuya ezinhlelweni zemfundo ezibekela inselele ubandlululo, Lesi sihloko sicubungula amandla okuguqula wegeyimu leyo, ngezikhathi zempi, iba yisenzo sokumelana ngokuthula.

I-Chess njengolimi lomhlaba wonke ezindaweni ezingqubuzanayo

i-chess, nemithetho yayo enembayo kanye nesakhiwo esilinganayo, isebenza njengolimi olungadingi ukuhunyushwa. Ezifundeni ezifana ne-Israel nePalestine, lapho izingxoxo zezombangazwe nezokuhlalisana zivame ukugcwala ukungathembani, Le geyimu inikezela ngohlaka oluphakathi nendawo lapho ababambiqhaza bengahlanganyela khona ngaphandle kwemithwalo yomlando noma yemibono evamise ukufiphaza ezinye izikhala.. Izifundo ze-cognitive psychology, njengalezo ezenziwe Isikhungo Socwaningo Lokuguqulwa Kwezingxabano, iphakamisa ukuthi imidlalo yamasu yenza kusebenze izindawo zobuchopho ezihlobene nokuzwela nokuthatha umbono, amakhono abalulekile okuxazulula izingxabano.

Emadolobheni afana neJerusalema noma iHebroni, lapho ukungezwani kuzwakala khona, izinhlangano ezifana Chess4Peace benze izinhlelo ezihlanganisa izingane eziqhamuka nhlangothi zombili zodweshu. Le mihlangano ayifuni ukukushaya indiva umehluko, kodwa ukudala indawo lapho imithetho yomdlalo—hhayi leyo yenzondo—ilawula ijubane lokusebenzelana. Ngokwesibonelo, emqhudelwaneni obuhlelwe ngo 2022 edolobheni laseRamallah, Izingane zakwa-Israel kanye nezasePalestine zazidlala imidlalo ngenkathi imindeni yazo, ekuqaleni ukungabaza, Babuka ezindlini. Okwaqala njengomcimbi wezemidlalo kugcine kuwumsebenzi wokwethembana., lapho abahlanganyeli bafunde khona lokho, ngaphandle kwezindaba zezepolitiki, wonke umuntu unesifiso sokuwina, kodwa futhi nokuhlonipha imithetho.

Nokho, i-chess ayisona isisombululo somlingo. Ukusebenza kwayo kuncike ekutheni isetshenziswa kanjani. Izinhlelo eziklanywe kabi zingawela kuzo uphawu, lapho imihlangano yehliswa ibe yizimpawu ezingokomfanekiso ezingenawo umthelela wangempela. Ukuze ugweme lokhu, izinhlelo eziyimpumelelo zihlanganisa umdlalo nezinkundla zokucobelelana ngolwazi, lapho izingane zikhombisa ulwazi lwazo ebhodini nokuthi lokhu kuhlobana kanjani nempilo yazo ngaphandle kwalo. Ngakho, i-chess iba yisingathekiso esibambekayo sokuxoxisana, isineke nokuphathwa kwemizwelo, amathuluzi abalulekile okuzulazula ukungqubuzana lokho, ezimweni eziningi, bazuze ifa ngaphandle kokukhetha.

Kusukela ezimbangini kuya kozakwethu: i-chess ibuchaza kanjani ubudlelwano

Enye yezinselelo ezinkulu ezindaweni ezingqubuzanayo ukwehlisa ubuntu kwenye. Abezindaba, Ukulandisa kwezepolitiki kanye nezingxoxo zansuku zonke kuvame ukunciphisa ama-Israel namaPalestine abe yimibono elula.: yena “umcindezeli” kanye ne “ecindezelwe”, yena “amaphekula” kanye ne “ikoloni”. i-chess, ngokudinga ukuthi abadlali bahlale ubuso nobuso, nqamula lokhu okuguquguqukayo. Lapho ingane yasePalestine kanye nengane yakwa-Israel behlanganyela ibhodi, Bayeka ukuba yizimpawu futhi babe ngabantu abanamagama., amasu kanye, phezu kwakho konke, imizwelo.

Icala eliyizifanekiselo yileso sika UMohammed kanye noDaniel, abasha ababili abahlangane emqhudelwaneni eTel Aviv. Mohammed, I-East Jerusalem Palestine, Ufike emcimbini enombono wokuthi wonke ama-Israel ayalingana: amasosha noma amakholoni. UDaniyeli, ngokwengxenye yakhe, Ngakhula ngizwa ukuthi amaPalestine ayewusongo. Ngesikhathi sokuhamba kwakho, U-Mohammed wenza iphutha leqhinga elamshiya kusimo esingesihle. Esikhundleni sokububula, UDaniel wamnika iseluleko: “Uma uhambisa umbhishobhi wakho lapha, ungazivikela kangcono”. leso senzo, ngokusobala encane, washintsha umbono kaMohammed. “Bengingalindele ukuthi uzongisiza”, wavuma kamuva. “Bengicabanga ukuthi ngifuna ukuwina”.

Okuhlangenwe nakho okufana nalokhu kubonisa ukuthi i-chess ayigcini nje ngokukufundisa ukuthi ucabange uhamba phambili, kodwa futhi ukulindela imizwa yomunye. Esimeni sokungqubuzana, lapho udlame ngokuvamile luyimpendulo esheshayo, Ukufunda ukufunda izinhloso zomphikisi wakho-ngaphandle kokucabanga okubi kakhulu-kuyikhono lokuguqula.. Izinhlangano ezifana I-PeacePlayers International, oguqule indlela yakhe ye-basketball yaba i-chess, babhale ukuthi lokhu kuhlangana kunciphisa kanjani amazinga okukhathazeka kanye nobutha kubahlanganyeli. Ucwaningo olushicilelwe ku Ijenali Yokuxazululwa Kwezingxabano phakathi 2021 bathole ukuthi izingane ezibambe iqhaza ezinhlelweni ze-cross-community chess zibonise a 30% ukuzimisela okwengeziwe ukuxhumana ne “okunye” uma kuqhathaniswa namaqembu okulawula.

Kodwa ushintsho lwangempela lwenzeka lapho lokhu kusebenzisana kweqa ibhodi. Kwezinye izimo, Izingane ezihlangana emiqhudelwaneni zigcina zivakashele ezindlini zezimbangi zazo, ukwabelana ukudla nokuthola lokho, ngaphandle kokuhlukana kwezepolitiki, Bahlanganyela abakuthandayo emculweni, imidlalo yevidiyo noma ngisho neqembu lebhola uqobo. Lezi zikhathi zokuvama ziphazamisa umongo lapho ukujwayelekile kuvame ukuhluka.

I-Chess njengethuluzi lokufundisa: efundisa ukuthula emakilasini

Uma i-chess ingaba ibhuloho phakathi kwemiphakathi engqubuzanayo, Amandla ayo njengethuluzi lokufundisa athembisa nakakhulu. Ezikoleni kwa-Israel nasePalestine, lapho amakharikhulamu evamise ukugcwaliswa ngezindaba ezixoxwayo zikazwelonke, I-Chess ididiyelwe njengesifundo esifundisa amakhono engqondo nezenhlalo ngaphandle kokungena ezingxoxweni zezepolitiki. I I-International Chess Federation (I-FIDE) uye wakhuthaza izinhlelo ezifana I-Chess Ezikoleni, lokho akuthuthukisi ukusebenza kahle kwezemfundo kuphela—izifundo eSpain naseTürkiye zixhumanise i-chess nemiphumela engcono kwizibalo nokufunda—, kodwa futhi zithuthukisa izindinganiso ezifana nenhlonipho, ukubekezela nokuqina.

Edolobheni lakwa-Israel iSderot, amakhilomitha ambalwa ukusuka eGaza Strip, isikole ORT Sderot wenze uhlelo lwe-chess ngemuva kokuhlaselwa kwe-rocket 2021. Othisha bakuqaphela lokho izingane, abaningi babo abanezimpawu zokucindezeleka kwangemva kokuhlukumezeka, Bathole kulo mdlalo indawo yokulawula phakathi kwezinxushunxushu. “uma udlala i-chess, uyazi ukuthi uma ulahlekelwa, Akunjalo ngoba kukhona okudubulayo., kodwa ngoba wenze iphutha”, kuchaza uthisha. “Lokho kubanika umuzwa wokuzikhethela abangenawo kwezinye izici zempilo yabo.”.

Ngasohlangothini lwasePalestine, Izikole zaseWest Bank zamukele i-chess njengengxenye yendlela yokufundisa ebizwa ngokuthi imfundo yokuthula. Edolobheni laseNablus, inhlangano I-Palestinian Chess Federation isebenza nothisha ukuklama izifundo lapho i-chess isetshenziselwa ukuxoxa ngezihloko ezifana nokuxoxisana, ukuzidela nokubaluleka kokucabanga ngaphambi kokwenza. Ngokwesibonelo, ekilasini, Abafundi bahlaziya imidlalo yomlando—efana noBobby Fischer ephikisana no-Boris Spassky ngo-1972—futhi baphikisana ngokuthi ukungezwani kwezombusazwe phakathi kwe-United States ne-USSR kwabonakala kanjani ebhodini.. Khona-ke, sebenzisa lezo zifundo ezimweni zansuku zonke, indlela yokuxazulula izingxabano egcekeni lesikole.

Inselele, nokho, ukukala lezi zinhlelo ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ingqikithi yazo. Esimweni lapho imfundo ngokuvamile iyinkundla yempi yemibono, Abanye abazali neziphathimandla babheka i-chess ngezinsolo. “Kungani sifundise izingane zethu ukudlala nesitha?”, kubuza ubaba wasePalestine emhlanganweni wesikole. Impendulo yothisha icacile: akukona ukudlala con isitha, kodwa ukufunda ukudlala naphezu komehluko. i-chess, ngalo mqondo, Akusona isiphetho ngokwako, kodwa indlela yokuthuthukisa izingqondo ezigxekayo ezikwazi ukungabaza izindaba ezinenzondo.

Imikhawulo ye-chess: lapho ibhodi alanele

Naphezu kwamandla ayo, i-chess ayiyona i-panacea. Kungqubuzana ejule njenge-Israel-Palestinian, lapho amanxeba omlando kanye nokungalungi kwesakhiwo kuqhubeka khona, umdlalo awukwazi ukuxazulula izinkinga ezidinga izixazululo zezombusazwe. Abagxeki balezi zinhlelo bakuveza lokho, okungcono kakhulu, i-chess inikeza ukuphumula kwesikhashana, kodwa ayikhulumi ngezimbangela zodweshu: umsebenzi, izindawo zokuhlala, ukuvinjwa kweGaza noma ukuntuleka koMbuso wasePalestine.

Isibonelo esiwumfanekiso yileso sika Izingane, intombazane yasePalestine 12 iminyaka wabamba iqhaza emqhudelwaneni owawuseHaifa. Nakuba wayekujabulela ukudlala nezingane zakwa-Israel, ukubuyela ekhaya ekamu lababaleki eWest Bank, iqiniso lamshaya kakhulu: uyise wayevalelwe ibutho lakwa-Israyeli ngaphandle kwecala, nomfowabo omdala walimala embhikishweni. “Kusiza ngani ukunqoba ku-chess uma ngingakwazi ukunqoba empilweni??”, wabuza umama wakhe. Lobu bufakazi buveza iqiniso elingakhululekile: i-chess ingafundisa ukucabanga kwamasu, kodwa ayikwazi ukushintsha imithetho yomdlalo wepolitiki lowo, kwabaningi, iqinisiwe kwasekuqaleni.

Ngaphandle kwalokho, Kunengozi yokuthi lezi zinhlelo zizosetshenziswa. Ohulumeni noma abanikeli bamazwe ngamazwe bangazisebenzisa ukukhombisa isithombe “paz” ngaphandle kokuzibophezela ezinguqukweni zangempela. Ku 2019, umbiko we I-Human Rights Watch wagxeka amanye ama-NGO ngokuhlela imihlangano phakathi kwezingane zakwa-Israel kanye nezasePalestine ngenkathi eshaya indiva ukwephulwa kwamalungelo abantu ezindaweni ezihlaselwe.. “Awukwazi ukukhuluma ngokuthula ekubeni kunezingane zasePalestine ezingakwazi ukuya esikoleni ngenxa yezindawo zokuhlola”, isishoshovu esisodwa saxwayisa.

Lokhu akusho ukuthi i-chess kufanele iyekwe, kodwa kumele kuhambisane nezenzo ezibambekayo. Ezinye izinhlangano, njenge Abalwa Nokuthula, Bahlanganisa i-chess nemikhankaso yokumela ipolitiki, kusetshenziswa izindaba zezingane ukuphusha izinguquko kuzinqubomgomo zomsebenzi. Abanye, njenge Isandla sibambene, Bahlanganisa i-chess ezikoleni ezikhuluma izilimi ezimbili lapho ama-Israel namaPalestine afunda ndawonye, okukhombisa ukuthi ukuphilisana kungenzeka uma kunentando yezombangazwe.

i-chess, ngakho, Kuyithuluzi elinamandla, kodwa kunomkhawulo. Inzuzo yayo yangempela isemandleni ayo okuhlwanyela imbewu yozwela ezizukulwaneni ezincane., kodwa lembewu iyochuma kuphela uma ithola inhlabathi evundile. Kungqubuzana lapho zonke izenzo zokuthula zihlangana nokungabaza, i-chess inikeza ithemba elinesizotha: lowo, ngisho nasezikhathini ezimnyama kakhulu, kukhona indawo yokuhambisa ucezu futhi ushintshe inkambo yomdlalo.

Iziphetho: umlingani wenzondo

I-Chess ngezikhathi zezingxabano ayisona isisombululo somlingo, kodwa isingathekiso esinamandla sokuthi ukuthula kungaba yini: umdlalo lapho imithetho icacile, lapho yonke inhlangano inemiphumela futhi kuphi, ekupheleni, okubalulekile akukhona nje ukunqoba, kodwa ukudlala ngesizotha. Kuso sonke lesi sihloko, sibonile ukuthi izingane zakwa-Israel nezasePalestine, ehlukaniswe izindonga ezibonakalayo kanye nezindaba zenzondo, Bathola indawo ebhodini lapho bangaba khona kanjalo nje: izingane. Hhayi amasosha, hhayi izisulu, hhayi izimpawu zokungqubuzana abangazikhethanga, kodwa osomaqhinga, izimbangi kanye, ngezinye izikhathi, abangani.

Nokho, i-chess iphinde isikhumbuza ngemikhawulo yayo. Ayikwazi ukumisa inhlamvu, noma ukudiliza udonga, noma ubuyisele izwe kulabo abalahlekelwa yilo. Amandla aso alele kokuthile okucashile: ikhono lokwenza omunye umuntu. Lapho ingane yasePalestine kanye nengane yakwa-Israel behlala phambi kwebhodi, Bayeka ukuba yizitha ukuze babe abantu ababili abanesifiso esifanayo sokuwina., ukukhungatheka okufanayo lapho ubhekene nephutha kanye nenjabulo efanayo lapho ubhekene nomdlalo ogqamile. Esimeni lapho ukwehlisa isithunzi kuyithuluzi lempi, lesi senzo esilula siwuguquko.

Kodwa isifundo esibaluleke kakhulu esishiywa i-chess ukuthi ukuthula akusona ikusasa, kodwa inqubo. Wonke umdlalo uyithuba lokuzijwayeza ukubekezela, ukuxoxisana nokuhlonipha, amakhono ukuthi, uma sebekhulile, ingadlula ibhodi. Inselele manje ukukala lezi zenzakalo ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ingqikithi yazo, ukuwahlanganisa ezinhlelweni zemfundo kanye nezinqubomgomo zomphakathi ezibeka kuqala ukuphilisana kunokuhlukana. Njengoba uGrandmaster uGarry Kasparov esho: “I-Chess iyimpilo encane”. Kwa-Israyeli nasePalestine, lapho ukuphila kuphawulwa ukungqubuzana, i-chess inikeza i-miniature yalokho okungenzeka kube: umdlalo lapho wonke umuntu enamathuba afanayo, lapho imithetho ilungile futhi kuphi, ekupheleni, okubalulekile akukhona ukuthi ubani onqobayo, kodwa kwadlalwa kanjani.

Kungenzeka, ngakho, ohlolayo weqiniso akamelene nembangi, kodwa ngokumelene nenzondo. nakulowo mdlalo, Wonke umntwana okhetha ukuhambisa ucezu esikhundleni sokwakha udonga uyawina..