Oovulindlela beChess: indlela abayaphule ngayo imiqobo yesini

umdlalo wechess, loo bhodi 64 iibhokisi apho amadabi athuleyo alwelwa phakathi kokuqiqa kunye nobuchule, ngokwembali ibingummandla olawulwa ngabantu abangamadoda. Nangona kunjalo, emva kokuhamba kwe pawn nganye, yonke imibingelelo yokumkanikazi, nayo yonke intente yokuhlangana, ibetha ibali labasetyhini abadelela iindibano zexesha labo ukubanga indawo yabo emdlalweni. Aba vulindlela abazange baphelele nje ekuphuleni imiqobo yesini, kodwa baphinde bachaza ukuba kuthetha ukuthini ukuba ngumdlali wechess kwihlabathi elibajongela phantsi. Ilifa lakhe lisisikhumbuzo sokuba umntu ojongana naye wokwenyani akachasi nje ukumkani oyimbangi., kodwa ngokuchasene nocalucalulo olunciphisa amandla omntu. Zeziphi izicwangciso oye wazisebenzisa ukuze uphumelele kwimeko embi?? Baluguqule njani uthando lwabo kwisenzo sokuchasa inkcubeko? Eli nqaku liphonononga ubomi, imiqobo kunye noloyiso lwabo bajike ichess ibe yintsimi elinganayo.

Ibhodi njengomsele: abafazi bokuqala ukukhuphisana

Inkulungwane ye-19 yabona iinzame zokuqala ezinzulu zabasetyhini zokungenela ichess yokhuphiswano., indawo ebekelwe amadoda kuphela. Kwi 1897, isiNgesi UMary Rudge Waba yintshatsheli yehlabathi yokuqala engekho semthethweni ngokuphumelela itumente eLondon, impumelelo engazange ibonwe ngabaninzi. kodwa kwakunjalo Vera Menchik, wazalelwa eMoscow 1906, owaphawula isiganeko esingacimekiyo. I-Menchik ayizange ilawule i-chess yabasetyhini iminyaka engamashumi amabini, kodwa wakhuphisana—waza wabetha—abanye babona badlali babalaseleyo bexesha lakhe, kuquka UMax Euwe, intshatsheli yehlabathi elizayo. Ukuthatha inxaxheba kwakhe kwiitumente ezivulelekileyo kwamkelwa ngokuthandabuza, kodwa ukudlala kwakhe okungayekiyo kwabavala umlomo abagxeki. Kwi 1927, waseka i I-International Women's Chess Federation, ukubeka isiseko sombutho we-chess yabasetyhini banamhlanje. I-Menchik ibonise ukuba italente ayinalo isini, nangona ukuqondwa kwenza.

Icala likaMenchik libonisa umzekelo ophindaphindiweyo: abasetyhini kwichess akunyanzelekanga ukuba babe ngabakhethekileyo, kodwa iyakwazi ukunyamezela. Ngexesha apho i-chess yayinxulunyaniswa nobukrelekrele “phezulu” indoda, Ubukho bakhe nje kwiitumente yayisisenzo sobhukuqo. Njengoko inqaku kwi chess kunye nezopolitiko, Ibhodi ngokwembali ibiluphawu lwezakhiwo zamandla. UMenchik nabanye oovulindlela abazange banele nje ukudlala ngokuchasene nabachasi babo, kodwa ngokuchasene nenkqubo eyayibagqala njengabangeneleli.

Oodade basePolgár: umfuniselo obhala ngokutsha imithetho

Ukuba uMenchik wavula umnyango, oodade USusan, USofía kunye noJudit Polgár bamwise phantsi. Bakhulela eHungary phantsi koqeqesho lukayise, László Polgar, isazi ngengqondo esasikholelwa oko “genius yenziwe, engazalwanga”, aba dade bathathu babeqeqeshwa kanobom kwasebuntwaneni. Umphumo waba yinguqulelo: USusan waba ngumfazi wokuqala ukuphumelela iwonga le-Grandmaster (GM) kwi 1991, USofía uzuze ukala lwe 2500, waza uJudit – oyena mncinane – wakhwela kwindawo yenani 8 yehlabathi kwirenki epheleleyo, ukodlula iintsomi ezifana UBobby Fischer y UGarry Kasparov. UJudith, ukuthi ngqo, yacela umngeni intsomi yokuba abasetyhini abanakukwazi ukukhuphisana kwinqanaba eliphezulu, ukoyisa i 11 iintshatsheli zehlabathi kwimidlalo enye.

Indlela yePolgár ayibonisanga nje ukuba italente yechess ayiphelelanga kwisini esinye, kodwa endaweni yoko wabhenca ubuxoki benkqubo eyahlula abafazi ngokweendidi “owasetyhini”. Njengoko inqaku lichaza ichess yabasetyhini kunye nokulingana, ukuyilwa kweetumente ezikhethekileyo zabasetyhini, nangona inenjongo entle, wayiqhubela phambili ingcamango yokuba umdlalo wakhe wawuphantsi ngokwendalo. Las Citizen, endaweni yoko, Bakhuphisana—baza baphumelela—kwindawo efanayo nabantu., ukunyanzela uluntu lwechess ukuba lucinge ngokutsha ucalucalulo lwalo.

Umsantsa ongabonakaliyo: kutheni ichess yabasetyhini iseyindawo yedabi

Nangona kukho inkqubela phambili, ichess yabasetyhini ijongene nemingeni yesakhiwo ehamba ngaphaya kwebhodi. Ngokutsho kwedatha yeFIDE, kuphela le 10% kubadlali ababhalisiweyo abanesihloko esithi Grandmaster ngabafazi, kwaye umsantsa wemivuzo kumabhaso umbi kakhulu: kwi 2023, yafumana intshatsheli yehlabathi yamadoda 1.5 i-euro ezizigidi, ngelixa intshatsheli yabasetyhini ifumene 200,000. La manani abonakalisa ubunyani obungakhululekanga: umdlalo wechess, njengezinye iindawo ezininzi, ihlala iyindawo apho isini simisela amathuba.

Isazi ngengqondo kunye nomdlali wechess UJennifer Shahade, amatyeli amabini yintshatsheli yase-US, uthi ingxaki asikokunqongophala kwetalente, kodwa ukunqongophala kwemizekelo kunye nokufikelela kwizibonelelo. kwincwadi yakhe Chess Bitch, UShahade ubonisa ukuba amantombazana ayishiya ichess eselula kunamakhwenkwe, ngokuyinxenye ngenxa yokuba ababoni ikamva elicacileyo emdlalweni. Kulapho umsebenzi wamanani uthanda khona Hou Yifan, oyena mdlali umncinci ukufikelela kwiwonga leGM (kwi 14 iminyaka) kunye nentshatsheli yehlabathi yabasetyhini amaxesha amane, ufumana ukubaluleka. UHou akakhange abe ngunozakuzaku wechess yabasetyhini kuphela, kodwa uye wakugxeka ngokuphandle ukunqongophala kwenkxaso yeziko, kuquka nesigqibo sakhe sokukwaya uBuntshatsheli beHlabathi baManina 2017 ngokuyiqwalasela “ngokungafanelekanga kwaye akalungelelananga”.

Ityala likaHou Yifan liqaqambisa omnye umqobo: uxinzelelo lwentlalo. Kwiinkcubeko apho ichess ibonwa njengomdlalo “indoda”, abasetyhini abagqwesileyo emdlalweni badla ngokujongana neenkolelo. Njengoko kuhlalutywa kwi chess kunye nesini, ucalucalulo kwiitumente zabasetyhini, nangona ifuna ukukhusela, Ikwabethelela ingcamango yokuba abafazi bafuna a “indawo ekhuselekileyo” kuba abanako ukukhuphisana kwinqanaba elifanayo. Lo mbhiko usisikhumbuzo sokuba ubulungisa abufikelelwa ngaphandle kwemida, kodwa ngotshintsho lwenkqubo.

Izicwangciso zokuchasa: indlela abafazi ukutshintsha umdlalo

Ujongene nale mingeni, abadlali bechess baye baphuhlisa iindlela ezintsha zokubanga indawo yabo. Enye yezona zinto zisebenzayo ibe kukudalwa koluntu lwenkxaso, njengoko Chess Queens, iqonga elasekwa nguShahade elidibanisa abadlali bechess ababhinqileyo kwihlabathi jikelele. Ezi zothungelwano aziboneleli kuphela ngengcebiso, kodwa kwakhona ulwe nokuzahlula abantu abaninzi abaziva kwindawo elawulwa ngamadoda.. Elinye inyathelo elibalulekileyo IKhomishoni yabasetyhini baseFIDE, eye yakhuthaza iinkqubo zophuhliso kumazwe apho ichess yabasetyhini ikwimeko embi, njengeIndiya neAfrika.

Itekhnoloji nayo ibe ngumhlobo. Iiplatforms ezifana I-Lichess y Chess.com Banokufikelela ngokwedemokhrasi kumdlalo, ukuvumela abasetyhini abavela kwimimandla ekude ukuba baqeqeshe kwaye bakhuphisane ngaphandle kwemiqobo yejografi okanye yezoqoqosho eyayibathintele ngaphambili. Ngaphandle koko, ukunyuka kwe Abasasazi kwiTwitch kunye neTikTok, njengoko GothamChess (Levy Rozman) y Oodade baseBhaptizi, buqhele ubukho babasetyhini kumdlalo, ukutsala izizukulwana ezitsha zabadlali ababhinqileyo.

Kodwa mhlawumbi olona tshintsho lunzulu luyenzeka kwimbono yenkcubeko. Series ngathi I-Queen's Gambit -nangona ibubuxoki-ikhuthaze izigidi zabasetyhini ukuba babone i-chess njengendawo yokuxhobisa.. Njengoko inqaku kwi I-Queen's Gambit kunye nenyani yechess, I-protagonist i-Beth Harmon iquka imingeni abafazi abajongene nayo emdlalweni: italente ayonelanga; Ukomelela nako kuyafuneka ukuhamba kwihlabathi elibajongela phantsi. Nangona kunjalo, Olu chungechunge lukwabonisa ukuba i-chess inokuba sisithuthi sokutshintsha komntu, isifundo oovulindlela abaninzi ababesele besifundile kumashumi eminyaka ngaphambili.

Ikamva lechess yabasetyhini: Ukujonga ukulingana okanye imisele emitsha?

Indlela eya kubulungisa kwichess isekude ukuphela, kodwa kukho imiqondiso enethemba. Kwi 2023, I-FIDE ibhengeze isicwangciso sokwandisa inxaxheba yabasetyhini kwi 50% ukuya 2026, kuquka i-scholarships, iitumente ezixubeneyo kunye namaphulo okubonakala. Ngaphandle koko, amanani afana Alexandra Kosteniuk (owayesakuba yintshatsheli yehlabathi) y Tan Zhongyi (intshatsheli yangoku) basebenzisa iimpembelelo zabo ukuxhasa utshintsho kwisakhiwo, njengemivuzo elinganayo kunye nokumelwa okukhulu kwizikhundla zolawulo.

Nangona kunjalo, olona celomngeni lukhulu lusenokuba yinkcubeko. Njengoko kuhlolisisiwe kwi chess kunye nobunkokeli, umdlalo ufundisa ukuba iqhinga ayisiyiyo nje iingceba ezihambayo, kodwa ukulindela imiqobo. Abasetyhini kwi-chess babonise ukuba ubuchule bokwenyani abukho ekuphepheni imigibe yebhodi, kodwa ukuwajika abe ngamathuba. Ilifa loovulindlela - ukusuka eMenchik ukuya ePolgár naseHou Yifan - ayikokuphumelela nje imidlalo., kodwa utshintshe imithetho yomdlalo.

Hoy, xa intombazana nakweyiphi na ikona yehlabathi ihleli phambi kwebhodi, awufundi nje ukuvula neziphelo; uzuza ilifa isiko lokuchasa. Ichess yabasetyhini ayiyonxalenye yomdlalo, kodwa kukho utshintsho oluqhubekayo, apho umdlalo ngamnye ulinyathelo elisingise kwikamva apho italente ingenasini.

Ibhodi ihlala injalo, kodwa amaqhekeza awasathintelwa zizikwere abazabelwe ngabanye. Como dijo Judit Polgár: “I-Chess ayisiyoyamadoda okanye abafazi; yeyabadlali”. kunye noovulindlela, ngayo yonke intshukumo enesibindi, Basikhumbuze ukuba eyona ndlela yokujongana nenyaniso ichasene nobuphakathi bocalucalulo.