Chess majagaba: yadda suka karya shingen jinsi

dara, wannan allo 64 akwatuna inda ake yin fadace-fadace tsakanin dabaru da kere-kere, a tarihi ya kasance yanki ne da mazaje suka mamaye. Duk da haka, bayan kowane motsa jiki, kowace sarauniya sadaukarwa da kowane checkmate, ya buga labarin matan da suka bijirewa yarjejeniyar zamansu don neman matsayinsu a wasan. Waɗannan majagaba ba kawai sun karya shingen jinsi ba, amma sun sake fayyace abin da ake nufi da zama dan wasan dara a duniyar da ta raina su. Abin da ya gada yana tunatar da cewa abokin hamayya na gaskiya ba wai kawai ga abokin hamayya bane., amma a kan son zuciya da ke iyakance damar ɗan adam. Wadanne dabaru kuka yi amfani da su don yin nasara a cikin yanayi mara kyau?? Ta yaya suka canza sha'awarsu zuwa aikin juriya na al'adu? Wannan labarin ya bincika rayuwa, cikas da nasarorin da suka mayar da daraktan darasi zuwa fili daidai gwargwado.

A allo a matsayin mahara: matan farko da suka fara fafatawa

Karni na 19 ya ga yunƙurin farko da mata suka yi na shiga gasar chess., sarari da aka tanada kusan na maza. A ciki 1897, turanci Mary Rudge Ta zama zakaran duniya na farko da ba a hukumance ba bayan da ta lashe gasar da aka yi a Landan, nasarar da mutane da yawa ba su lura ba. amma ya kasance Vera Menchik, an haife shi a Moscow a cikin 1906, wanda ya yi alama da wani ci gaba da ba za a iya sharewa ba. Menchik ba kawai ya mamaye dara na mata ba tsawon shekaru ashirin, amma ya yi takara-ya doke-wasu daga cikin fitattun 'yan wasa maza na lokacinsa, ciki har da Max Yuwe, zakaran duniya na gaba. Shigarsa a bude gasa ya samu karbuwa da shakku, amma wasansa na rashin karewa ya rufe masu suka. A ciki 1927, kafa da Kungiyar Matan Chess ta Duniya, aza harsashin shirya wasan adon mata na zamani. Menchik ya nuna cewa basira ba ta da jinsi, ko da yake gane yana yi.

Al'amarin Menchik yana kwatanta salo mai maimaitawa: mata a dara ba kawai dole ne su zama na musamman ba, amma kuma mai juriya. A lokacin da dara ke da alaƙa da hankali “mafi girma” namiji, Kasancewarsa a gasa kawai aikin zagon kasa ne. Kamar yadda labarin yake dara da siyasa, hukumar a tarihi ta kasance mai nuni da tsarin wutar lantarki. Menchik da sauran majagaba ba su yi wasa da abokan hamayyarsu kawai ba, amma a kan tsarin da ake ganin su ne masu kutse.

Sisters Polgar: gwajin da ya sake rubuta dokoki

Idan Menchik ya bude kofa, 'yan uwa mata Susan, Sofia da Judit Polgar suka durkusa ta. An taso a Hungary a ƙarƙashin kulawar mahaifinsu, Laszló Polgar, masanin ilimin halayyar dan adam wanda ya yarda da haka “an yi hazaka, ba a haife shi ba”, ’Yan’uwa mata uku an hori su sosai tun suna yara. Sakamakon ya zama juyin juya hali: Susan ta zama mace ta farko da ta ci taken Grandmaster (GM) in 1991, Sofia ta sami rating na 2500, da Judit - ƙarami - ya hau zuwa matsayi na lamba 8 na duniya a cikin cikakken ranking, fitattun almara kamar Bobby Fischer ne adam wata y Garry Kasparov. Judith, musamman, ya kalubalanci labarin cewa mata ba za su iya yin takara a matsayi mafi girma ba, kayar da 11 zakarun duniya a wasanni daya.

Hanyar Polgar ba wai kawai ta nuna cewa gwanintar dara ba ta keɓanta ga jinsi ɗaya ba, sai dai ya fallasa kurakuran tsarin da ya raba mata zuwa rukuni “na mata”. Kamar yadda labarin ya bayyana darakin mata da daidaito, ƙirƙirar gasa na musamman ga mata, ko da yake yana da kyakkyawar niyya, ya ci gaba da tunanin cewa wasansa ba shi da kyau. Las Citizen, maimakon haka, Sun yi gasa-kuma sun yi nasara-a kan filin daya da maza., tilastawa al'ummar chess su sake tunanin son zuciya.

Tazarar da ba a iya gani: shiyasa har yanzu dariyar mata ta zama fagen fama

Duk da ci gaban da aka samu, Ches ɗin mata na fuskantar ƙalubale na tsarin da ya wuce allo. A cewar bayanan FIDE, kawai na 10% daga cikin 'yan wasan da suka yi rajista masu taken Grandmaster mata ne, kuma gibin albashi a cikin kyaututtuka yana da ban tsoro: in 2023, zakaran duniya na maza ya samu 1.5 Euro miliyan, yayin da zakaran mata ya samu 200,000. Waɗannan lambobin suna nuna gaskiya mara daɗi: dara, kamar sauran yankuna, ya kasance sarari inda jinsi ke ƙayyade dama.

Masanin ilimin halayyar dan adam da mai wasan dara Jennifer Shahade, zakaran Amurka sau biyu, yana mai cewa matsalar ba ta rashin hazaka ba ce, amma rashin abin koyi da kuma samun albarkatu. a cikin littafinsa Chess Bitch, Shahade ta yi nuni da cewa, ‘yan mata suna barin dara tun suna da girma fiye da maza, wani bangare saboda basa ganin tabbatacciyar makoma a wasan. Wannan shi ne inda aikin Figures kamar Hou Yifan, ƙaramin ɗan wasa don isa taken GM (zuwa ga 14 shekaru) da kuma zakaran mata na duniya sau hudu, yana samun dacewa. Ba wai kawai Hou ta kasance jakadan dara na mata ba, amma ya fito fili ya soki rashin tallafin hukumomi, ciki har da shawarar da ta yanke na kauracewa gasar cin kofin duniya ta mata a ciki 2017 domin la'akari da shi “rashin adalci da rashin tsari”.

Shari'ar Hou Yifan ta nuna wani cikas: matsin lamba na zamantakewa. A cikin al'adu inda ake ganin dara a matsayin aiki “namiji”, matan da suka yi fice a wasan sukan fuskanci ra'ayi. Kamar yadda aka bincika a dara da jinsi, wariya a gasar mata, ko da yake yana neman karewa, Hakanan yana ƙarfafa ra'ayin cewa mata suna buƙatar a “sararin samaniya” saboda ba za su iya yin takara a mataki daya ba. Wannan sabani shine tunatarwa cewa ba a samun daidaito tare da keɓancewa, amma tare da canje-canje na tsarin.

Dabarun tsayin daka: yadda mata ke canza wasan

Fuskantar waɗannan ƙalubale, 'Yan wasan dara sun kirkiro sabbin dabaru don neman matsayinsu. Daya daga cikin mafi inganci shine ƙirƙirar al'ummomin tallafi, kamar yadda Chess Queens, wani dandali da Shahade ya kafa wanda ke hada mata yan wasan dara a duniya. Waɗannan cibiyoyin sadarwa ba wai kawai suna ba da jagoranci ba, amma kuma yaƙar keɓewar da mutane da yawa ke ji a cikin yanayin da maza suka mamaye.. Wani muhimmin shiri shine Hukumar Mata ta FIDE, wanda ya inganta shirye-shiryen ci gaba a kasashen da Ches din mata ke da rauni, kamar Indiya da Afirka.

Fasaha kuma ta kasance abokiya. Dandali kamar Lichess y Chess.com Sun ba da damar shiga wasan dimokuradiyya, baiwa mata daga yankuna masu nisa damar horarwa da fafatawa ba tare da shingen yanki ko na tattalin arziki wanda a baya ya takaita su ba. Bayan haka, tashi daga Masu watsa shirye-shirye akan Twitch da TikTok, kamar yadda GothamChess (Levy Rozman) y Sisters Baptist, ya daidaita kasancewar mace a wasan, jawo sababbin tsararrun 'yan wasa mata.

Amma watakila mafi girman sauyi yana faruwa a fahimtar al'adu. Jerin kamar Sarauniya Gambit -ko da yake na tatsuniyoyi ne—sun zaburar da miliyoyin mata don ganin darasi a matsayin wuri don ƙarfafawa.. Kamar yadda labarin yake Gambit na Sarauniya da gaskiyar dara, jarumar Bet Harmon ta ƙunshi ƙalubalen da mata ke fuskanta a wasan: baiwa ba ta isa ba; Hakanan ana buƙatar juriya don kewaya duniyar da ta raina su. Duk da haka, Jerin kuma ya nuna cewa dara na iya zama abin hawa don sauyi na mutum, darasin da majagaba da yawa suka koya shekaru da yawa da suka shige.

Makomar chess na mata: Zuwa daidaito ko sabbin ramuka?

Hanyar gaskiya a dara ba ta ƙare ba, amma akwai alamun bege. A ciki 2023, FIDE ta sanar da wani shiri na kara yawan shigar mata a cikin wani 50% ku 2026, ciki har da tallafin karatu, gasa gauraye da kamfen ganuwa. Bayan haka, Figures kamar Alexandra Kosteniuk (tsohon zakaran duniya) y Tan Zhongyi (zakaran yanzu) suna amfani da tasirin su don ba da shawara ga canje-canjen tsari, kamar daidaitattun lada da wakilci mafi girma a cikin matsayi na gudanarwa.

Duk da haka, Babban kalubalen na iya zama al'ada. Kamar yadda aka bincika a dara da jagoranci, wasan ya koyar da cewa dabara ba kawai game da motsi guda, amma don hasashen cikas. Matan da ke cikin chess sun nuna cewa gwaninta na gaskiya ba shine guje wa tarkon allon ba, amma don juya su zuwa ga dama. Abubuwan da majagaba suka gada - daga Menchik zuwa Polgár da Hou Yifan - ba wai kawai sun ci wasanni ba ne., amma bayan canza ka'idojin wasan.

Hoy, lokacin da yarinya a kowace kusurwar duniya ta zauna a gaban allo, Ba wai kawai kuna koyon buɗewa da ƙarewa ba ne; yana gadon al'adar juriya. Ches ɗin mata ba ƙaramin nau'in wasan bane, amma juyin juya hali na ci gaba, inda kowane wasa mataki ne zuwa gaba inda baiwa ba ta da jinsi.

Hukumar ta kasance iri daya, amma guntukan ba su da iyaka da murabba'in da wasu suka ba su. Como dijo Judit Polgar: “Chess ba na maza ko mata bane; na yan wasa ne”. da majagaba, tare da kowane m motsi, Sun tunatar da mu cewa abin dubawa na gaskiya ya saba wa tsaka-tsakin son zuciya.