Xa i-chess imisa isixeko: amandla ebhodi enkulu

Mhla ibhodi enkulu yenza umlwelwe kwisixeko siphela yayingesosehlo senzululwazi, kodwa isiganeko sokwenyani esabonakalisa amandla omfuziselo kunye nobambekayo wechess. Khawube nomfanekiso-ngqondweni wakho uvuka kwisixeko esikhulu apho izitrato, ngokuqhelekileyo ilawulwa kukuxinana kwezithuthi kunye nesantya sobomi basezidolophini, Baba ngumboniso we 64 iibhokisi ezinkulu. Ayingomzekeliso: Lungenelelo lwasezidolophini olucela umngeni kwingqiqo yemihla ngemihla, apho abahambi ngeenyawo baba ziindawo zokuhlala kwaye indawo yoluntu ichazwa ngokutsha njengendawo yedabi elinobuchule. Lo mcimbi, kude nokuba ngumboniso olula, ibonisa indlela i umdlalo wechess idlula isimo sayo njengomdlalo ukuze ibe lulwimi lwehlabathi lonke olukwaziyo ukuguqula imbono edibeneyo yexesha, indawo kunye noluntu.

Xa ibhodi iba sisixeko: ilinge elichaza ngokutsha uluntu

Kwi 2016, Isixeko saseMedellín saba nenye yezi nguqulelo zinkulu. Iprojekthi “Umdlalo weChess kwisiXeko”, iqhutywa yi Iklabhu yePawn ekwanti, wathatha ibhodi ukuya kwisikali esikhumbuzo: 64 iibhokisi ze2×2 iimitha zagubungela iPlaza de la Luz, ukuguqula intliziyo yesixeko ibe yindawo yokudlala kunye nebonisa. Into eyaqala njengenyathelo lobugcisa yaguqulwa yaba yinto yentlalontle. Abadlulayo, eqhele ukuwela isikwere ngaphandle kokuma, baphoqeleke ukuba basebenzisane nomdlalo, nokuba njengababukeli, abadlali okanye nanjengamaqhekeza abantu kwimidlalo ye umdlalo wechess. Izithuthi zehlisiwe, iirobhothi zabonakala zilahlekelwa ukubaluleka kwaye, iiyure ezimbalwa, isixeko saphefumla ngesantya esicothayo seqhinga.

Ezi ntlobo zongenelelo azikho zodwa. Kwi 2018, Isixeko saseValencia saphinda saphinda le ngcamango “Dlala iValencia”, ibhodi enkulu efakwe kwiPlaza del Ayuntamiento eyatsala ngaphezu 10,000 abantu ngeveki enye. Eyona nto inika umdla ngezi ziganeko ayipheleli nje ekuboniseni imbonakalo yazo, kodwa ukukwazi kwakhe cwangcisa ngokutsha ukuziphatha edolophini. Uphononongo lwakamva lwatyhila oko, kwiindawo apho ezi bhodi zaphunyezwa, amazinga onxibelelwano loluntu anyuke nge 40%, ngelixa iingxabano zasezitalatweni zehla kakhulu. Umdlalo olula unokufezekisa njani oku? Impendulo ixhomekeke kuhlobo lwechess.: inkqubo yemithetho ecacileyo ukuba, xa iqikelelwa kwindawo yoluntu, isebenza njengento evuselela ucwangco phakathi kwesiphithiphithi.

Kodwa amandla okwenene ezi bhodi zinkulu zihamba ngaphaya kwezibalo. Kwizixeko ezifana neMedellín, apho ubundlobongela basezidolophini bushiye iimpawu ezinzulu, I-Chess ibe sisixhobo se ukuxhathisa ngokwenkcubeko. Ayiyonto nje ifane yavela le projekthi kuluntu olwalufuna ukuphinda luvuselele intlalo yalo.. Ibhodi, kulo mxholo, isebenza njengesipili: ibonisa amandla, ukubaluleka kocwangciso kunye, ngaphezu koko, imfuneko yokucinga phambi kokuba wenze. Kwihlabathi apho ukukhawuleza kulawula izigqibo zethu, ichess ibeka isingqisho esahlukileyo, enye efuna umonde, ukulindela kunye, ngaphezu koko, uvelwano komnye umdlali.

I-Chess njengesipili soluntu: ukusuka emfazweni ukuya kwidiplomacy

Imbali yechess inxulunyaniswe nemfazwe. Imvelaphi yayo, ngenkulungwane yesi-6 eIndiya, ibuyela ku Chaturanga, umdlalo olinganisa amadabi phakathi kwezahlulo zomkhosi ezine: ulutsha, ubutshaba, iindlovu kunye neemoto. Ixesha elidlulele, umdlalo uvele, kodwa iqhinga layo lahlala linjalo. KwiYurophu ephakathi, ookumkani babeyisebenzisa ekuqeqesheni iinjengele zabo, nakwiMfazwe Yomlomo, Yaba yindawo yedabi yokomfuziselo phakathi kweUnited States kunye ne-USSR, apho umdlalo ngamnye ububonisa uxinzelelo lwelizwe. Nangona kunjalo, Oko kwaqala njengokufanisa ungquzulwano kwaba sisixhobo soxolo.

Owona mzekelo ungumzekelo ngulo we “Umdlalo weNkulungwane” phakathi kukaBobby Fischer noBoris Spassky phakathi 1972, i-duel eyadlula ibhodi ukuze ibe luphawu lwe-détente phakathi kwamagunya amakhulu. Kodwa kukho imizekelo engaziwayo kwaye enamandla ngokulinganayo.. Kwi 2018, kwiGaza Strip, Iqela labantwana bakwa-Israel kunye nabasePalestina bathathe inxaxheba kwitumente yechess eyayiququzelelwe yiNGO I-Chess yoXolo. Umsitho, ebanjwe kumhlaba ophawulwe ngamashumi eminyaka yongquzulwano, wabonisa ukuba umdlalo unokuba yibhulorho nakwezona meko zinzima. Abantwana, ukuba phantsi kwezinye iimeko ngengazange idibane, Bafumana ulwimi oluqhelekileyo ebhodini. Ezi ntlobo zamanyathelo azizontshukumo nje zomfuziselo: Uphononongo oluvela kwiYunivesithi yaseOxford lubonise ukuba umdlalo wechess uphucula amandla okusombulula iingxabano kwi 30% kubantwana abasesichengeni sobundlobongela.

umdlalo wechess, kumlinganiselo wayo wedolophu, phinda oku kuguquguqukayo kwinqanaba elikhulu. Xa isixeko siphela simisa ukuze sibukele (okanye uthathe inxaxheba) umdlalo omkhulu, isenzeko ngokwasengqondweni eyaziwa ngokuba isiphumo sokudityaniswa kongqamaniso. Ababukeli, ngokulandela uphuhliso lomdlalo, amava uhlobo uvelwano lweqhinga: lindela iintshukumo, Babhiyozela impumelelo kwaye bazisole ngeempazamo ngokungathi zezabo.. Lo msebenzi wengqondo, zande ngamawaka abantu, yenza uvakalelo loluntu olungafane luphunyezwe kwindawo yanamhlanje yoluntu. Asikokubaxa izinto ukuyithetha loo nto, ngaloo maxesha, ichess isebenza njenge inkqubo yezozakuzo ethe cwaka, ekwazi ukudibanisa abantu abangabaziyo phantsi kwekhowudi efanayo yembeko kunye neqhinga.

I-paradox yebhodi enkulu: de, umdlalo wezopolitiko okanye isixhobo?

Ukufakwa kwe-chessboard kwisikali sasezidolophini kuphakamisa umbuzo ongathandekiyo: bubugcisa, ngumdlalo, okanye luhlobo lolawulo lwentlalo oluguqulwe njengomdlalo? Impendulo, njengoko iqhele ukwenzeka ngechess, Ayikokubini. Kwizixeko ezifana neBerlin, apho ubugcisa besitalato bunesithethe esidityanisiweyo, Ezi bhodi zidityanisiwe njengongenelelo lobugcisa obubuza ukusetyenziswa kwendawo yoluntu. Kunoko, kwiimeko ezifana neSingapore, apho urhulumente ekhuthaza umdlalo wechess njengenxalenye yesicwangciso sakhe sokufundisa, ibhodi enkulu iba sisixhobo amandla athambileyo, isikhumbuzo esichuliweyo sokuba uqeqesho kunye nokucinga okucwangcisiweyo ziinqobo zesizwe.

Oku kubini kuyabonakala kwimeko yaseHavana. Ngexesha leCapablanca International Chess Festival, Esi sixeko sizaliswe ngamabhodi amakhulu akwizikwere neepaki, kodwa umsebenzi wayo udlulela ngaphaya kokuzonwabisa. Kwilizwe apho ichess ithathwa njengomdlalo wesizwe, Ezi zibonelelo zomeleza ubuni benkcubeko kunye, ngaxeshanye, isebenza njengomboniso wezokhenketho. Umyalezo ucacile: ICuba ayithumeli nje kuphela icuba kunye nerum, kodwa kunye nobukrelekrele bobuchule. Apha, ibhodi enkulu iba luphawu lokuchasa kwezoqoqosho nenkcubeko, indlela yokuxelela ihlabathi ukuba, nangokunqongophala, ingqondo inokuba lithafa ledabi (noloyiso).

Kodwa kukho icala elimnyama kolu lwabiwo lwendawo yoluntu. Kwi 2019, Isixeko saseMoscow sifake ibhodi enkulu eRed Square njengenxalenye yemibhiyozo yoSuku lweChess lweHlabathi. Oko kwakubonakala ngathi linyathelo elimsulwa ngokukhawuleza kwatyhilwa njengephulo lokusasaza ubuxoki.: amaqhekeza, eyilwe ngemibala yeflegi yaseRashiya, kunye nomdlalo ophilayo, kusasazwa kwizikrini ezinkulu, Babenentsingiselo ecacileyo yezobupolitika. Umyalezo wawungathandabuzeki: Rhashiya, indawo yokuzalwa yeentshatsheli zehlabathi ezifana neKasparov kunye neKarpov, iyaqhubeka nokuwongamela umdlalo. Oku kusetyenziswa kwechess njengesixhobo se amandla okomfuziselo ayikho ntsha. Ngexesha leNguqulelo yeNkcubeko yaseTshayina, I-Western chess yavalwa ngenxa yokuba yayiqwalaselwa “bourgeois”, ngelixa i xiangqi (ichess yaseTshayina) yanyuswa njengomdlalo “uguqulo”. Ibhodi, kwezi meko, ayithathi cala: Lithafa ledabi leengcamango.

Ikamva lebhodi: xa isixeko siba ngumdlalo

Inyathelo elilandelayo kule nguquko yechess yasezidolophini kukudityaniswa kwayo neteknoloji. Kwi 2023, Isixeko saseSeoul sasungula ibhodi yokuqala enkulu yonxibelelwano, zixhotyiswe ngezixhobo zoluvo kunye nezikrini zokuchukumisa ezivumela abadlulayo ukuba badlale ngokuchasene nobukrelekrele bokwenziwa okanye omnye nomnye usebenzisa ii-smartphones zabo.. Ezi ntlobo zamaziko aziyidemokhrasi kuphela ukufikelela kumdlalo, kodwa kwakhona ukuvelisa idatha ebalulekileyo malunga nokuziphatha komntu. Umzekelo, Kwafunyaniswa ukuba abadlali basezidolophini bathanda ukuba ndlongondlongo ekuvulekeni kwabo kunabadlali be-intanethi, mhlawumbi ngenxa yoxinzelelo oluvela kwindawo yoluntu. Ezi ziphumo zinokuguqula indlela esiyiqonda ngayo i-psychology yechess kunye, ngokongezwa, ipsychology edibeneyo.

Kodwa into entsha yokwenyani inokuba kwi umdlalo wechess. Kwizixeko ezifana neNew York neLondon, Amagcisa sele eqalisile ukusebenzisa iibhodi ezinkulu njengeqonga lemidlalo yonxibelelwano, apho ababukeli bathatha isigqibo ngokushukuma kweziqwenga ngokuvota ngexesha lokwenyani. Le midlalo, ukuba iqhinga mix, ubugcisa kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba kwabemi, phakamisa umbuzo obangela umdla: Ngaba ichess inokuba ludidi olutsha lobugcisa? Impendulo ibonakala iqinile. Kwi 2024, IMyuziyam yoBugcisa bale mihla eParis ifumene ukufakwa kwechess enkulu enesihloko “Jonga iNkqubo”, umsebenzi ogxeka ubungxowankulu ngomdlalo apho amaqhekeza amele amaqumrhu, oorhulumente nabemi. Ibhodi ayisekho nje umdlalo: Yilayini yokugxekwa kwezentlalo.

Nangona kunjalo, owona mceli mngeni mkhulu kwikamva lechess yasezidolophini ayibobuchwephesha, sino conceptual. Kwihlabathi apho izixeko ziye zanda ukuyilwa njengeendawo zokusetyenziswa, Ngaba i-chess ingaxhathisa ukuthengiswa kwayo? Impendulo iya kuxhomekeka ekubeni siyakwazi na ukugcina isiseko sayo: umdlalo lowo, ngaphaya kobuhle bayo bobuchule, sisikhumbuzo sokuba ubukrelekrele obuhlangeneyo bunokuguqula nezona ndawo zineentshaba. Xa isixeko siyeka ukudlala ichess, awubhiyozeli nje umdlalo okanye ubugcisa, kodwa eqinisekisa ubuntu bakhe.

Ukuqukumbela: ibhodi njengesikweko sento enokwenzeka

Imini xa isigebenga sebhodi safa amalungu esixeko siphela yayingeloxesha lodwa, kodwa luphawu lwento enzulu: Isidingo somntu sokufumana ucwangco kwisiphithiphithi. Kwihlabathi elizaliswe zizivuseleli kunye nokungxama, I-Chess ibonelela ngento enokuthi ibonelelwe yimidlalo embalwa.: indawo apho ixesha liyancipha, apho zonke izigqibo zibalulekile kwaye phi, iiyure ezimbalwa, Isixeko siyayeka ukuba yindawo yokudlula kwaye sibe yindawo yokubonisa ngokubambisana. Ezi bhodi zinkulu azikho nje ubugcisa okanye ufakelo lwezemidlalo; unyana ungenelelo lwefilosofi oko kusikhumbuza oko, nakwixesha ledijithali, iqhinga, umonde kunye novelwano zihlala zizixhobo ezinamandla.

Ngexesha elizayo xa ubona ibhodi yechess kwisikwere, musa ukuyijonga njengomdlalo olula. Jonga indlela abantu abamisa ngayo, indlela abantu abangabaziyo abaqala ngayo ukuncokola, indlela isingqisho sesixeko esilungelelanisa ngayo isingqisho samaqhekeza. Ngaphaya, kwezo 64 iicasilas, Kukho ubungqina bokuba ichess ayingomdlalo nje okanye ubugcisa, kodwa a ulwimi lwehlabathi uyakwazi ukumanyana, khuthaza kwaye, ngamaxesha athile, nditsho ndikhubaze ihlabathi. kwaye mhlawumbi, mhlawumbi, Elo linyathelo lokuqala lokwakha izixeko ezinobuntu..