Chess pasi peburqa: kuramba kwakanyarara kwevakadzi veAfghan

Mumumvuri wehurumende yakaedza kudzima kuvapo kwayo, Vakadzi veAfghan vanowana chess chiitiko chekunyarara kuramba. Mushure mekunge maTaliban atora simba mukati 2021, Kodzero dzevakadzi muAfghanistan dzakadzikiswa zvakanyanya: kurambidzwa kudzidza, shanda muzvikamu zvakawanda uye kunyange kufamba pasina shamwari yechirume. Zvisinei, pakati perima iri, Iyo chess board yave chiratidzo cherusununguko uye dambudziko. Ichi chinyorwa chinoongorora kuti sei, pasi pe burqa, Vakadzi veAfghan vanotamba muchivande, kwete kungozvivaraidza, asi senzira yekuchengetedza sangano rako richirarama, kufunga kwako kwakadzama uye kubatana kwako nenyika yekunze. Kuburikidza nezvipupuriro, kuongorora nhoroondo uye mamiriro ezvematongerwo enyika aripo, Tichaona kuti mutambo uyu wekare wakashandurwa sei kuva mudziyo wekupikisa tsika uye pfungwa mune imwe yenzvimbo dzine hutsinye hwevakadzi muzana ramakore re21..

Chess sehutiziro munhoroondo yeAfghan

Chess hausi mutambo wekunze kuAfghanistan. Yakaunzwa kunharaunda panguva yekuwedzera kweHumambo hwePezhiya, * shatranj *—akatangira chess yemazuva ano—akanga akadzika midzi mutsika dzokuCentral Asia.. Kwemazana emakore, Kwaiva kutandara kwemadzimambo nevarombo, nzvimbo apo zano uye mwoyo murefu zvaikosheswa sesimba remuviri. Zvisinei, nekusvika kweTaliban kutonga mumakore 90, Chess yakarambidzwa nechikonzero chekuti yaikurudzira “kutamba” uye “kutsauswa pamabasa echitendero”. Zvidimbu zvakapiswa mumoto mukuru, uye vaya vaibatwa vachibhejera vaigona kurangwa zvakaomarara.

Kurambidzwa uku kwakatadza kubvisa kubhejera. Pane kudaro, akamusundira pasi pevhu, uko vakadzi, vakatoshorwa nezvirambidzo zvevakadzi, Vakawana utiziro mariri. Munguva pfupi pfupi yekuvhurika kwehama pakati 2001 y 2021, chess yakabuda zvakare sechiratidzo chekufambira mberi. Makirabhu evakadzi akaumbwa muKabul neHerat, uye vamwe vatambi vakatomiririra Afghanistan mumakwikwi epasi rose. Asi nekudzoka kweTaliban, chess chaive zvakare chiitiko chekupandukira, kunyanya kuvakadzi, avo kuwana nzvimbo dzeveruzhinji uye mabasa ehungwaru kwakarambidzwa zvakare.

Hoy, bhodhi rava microcosm yekudzivisa. Kutamba chess muchivande hakungopikisi zvinorambidzwa chete, asi zvakare inosimbisa kugona kwevakadzi kufunga, kuronga uye kukwikwidza munzvimbo inovanyima kunyange kodzero yedzidzo. Semutambi asingazivikanwe akadaro muhurukuro ne *The Guardian*: *”Kufamba kwese pabhodhi chiyeuchidzo chekuti ndichiripo., zvandichiri kufunga nezvazvo, kuti ndichiri kusarudza”*.

Iyo burqa senhovo uye jeri

El burqa, chipfeko ichocho chinofukidza muviri uye chiso chevakadzi veAfghan, Izvo zvose chiratidzo chekudzvinyirirwa uye chishandiso chekupona. Yevatambi vechesi yepachivande, Inova nhovo inovabvumira kufamba mumigwagwa pasina kukwezva kutarisa, asiwo mujeri rinovaparadzanisa nenyika. pasi pemikombe yaro, Havangovanzi mazita avo chete, asiwo madiki anopeta mapuranga, zvimedu zvehomwe kana kunyange chess mapurogiramu panharembozha dzinochengeta zvakavanzika.

Kupesana kweburqa muchirevo chechinyorwa ichi kunonakidza. Kune rimwe divi, Kuiswa kunoda kudzima hunhu hwevakadzi, kuvaderedza kusvika kunhamba dzisingazivikanwe uye dzinozviisa pasi. Kune rimwe divi, yava shamwari isingatarisirwi kune avo vari kutsvaga kupikisa hurongwa. Mumaguta akaita seKabul kana Mazar-i-Sharif, mapoka evakadzi vanosangana mudzimba dzakachengetedzeka, uko burqa inovabvumira kupinda nekubuda pasina kumutsa kufungirana. Kamwe mukati, Vanobvisa hembe dzavo vovhura mapuranga avo, kugoverana mazano, kuongorora mitambo uye, pamusoro pazvose, kunzwa kwemaawa mashoma kuti ivo varidzi venguva yavo uye sarudzo dzavo.

Zvisinei, njodzi inogara iripo. MaTaliban akawedzera kutsvaga kwedzimba, uye zvichemo zvinobva kuvavakidzani kana kuti hama dzokunyama zvinogona kutungamirira kukuvhozhokera. In 2023, Gwaro re *Human Rights Watch* rakaburitsa nyaya dzakawanda dzevakadzi vakavharirwa “mabasa asiri echiIslam”, izvo zvaisanganisira kutamba chess. Zvisinei neizvi, vazhinji vanoramba, nekuti mutambo unopfuura wekutamba: Inzira yekuchengeta tariro iri mhenyu. Sokutsanangura kwakaita mumwe mukadzi wechiduku 22 makore muuchapupu hwakaunganidzwa ne *Amnesty International*: *”Ndikarega kutamba, Ndinonzwa sokuti handichavipo. Chess ndicho chega chinondiyeuchidza kuti ndine pfungwa dzangu ndega.”*.

Iyo isingaoneki network yevatambi vechivande

Kuseri kwekupikisa chess kwevakadzi veAfghan kune network yakarongeka, kunyange zvazvo isina kusimba, iyo inoshanda muchivande. Ichi chimiro chakavakirwa pakuvimba, shoko remuromo uye, mune zvimwe zviitiko, tsigiro yemasangano epasi rose anotumira zvinhu pachivande. Vatambi vanotaurirana kuburikidza nemakodhi, kushandisa mazwi emazuva ese kureva mitambo kana mafambiro. Semuyenzaniso, a “kusanganazve kwemhuri” inogona kunge iri chikamu che chess, uye a “cookbook” inogona kuviga bhuku rekuvhura.

Dzimba dzakachengeteka ndiwo moyo wetiweki iyi. Kazhinji kazhinji imisha yavakadzi vakawana mwero wakati wokuzvimirira mune zvoupfumi, sechirikadzi kana nyanzvi dzakashanda pamberi peTaliban kutora. Ava vaenzi vanoisa upenyu hwavo pangozi nokuzarura mikova yavo, asi vanozviita nekuti vanonzwisisa kuti chess inopfuura mutambo: Icho chiito chekuporesa pamwe chete. Mumisangano iyi, vakadzi havangotambe, asi vanogoveranawo zvakaitika, nzira dzekupona uye, mune zvimwe zviitiko, ruzivo rwekuti ungawana sei rubatsiro rwevanhu kana dzidzo yepamhepo.

Tekinoroji yakaita basa rakakosha mukupokana uku. Kunyangwe maTaliban akaganhurira kuwana internet, vakadzi vazhinji vanoshandisa VPNs uye zvakavanzika network kuti vabatane nenharaunda dze chess kunze kwenyika. Mapuratifomu akaita se *Chess.com* kana *Lichess* ave mahwindo epasirese, kwaunogona kutamba mitambo yepamhepo, kutora chikamu mumakwikwi chaiwo uye kunyange kutora makirasi kubva kuvadzidzisi vekunze. In 2022, Chikwata chevatambi vechikadzi vekuAfghan chakapinda mumakwikwi epamhepo akarongwa ne *International Chess Federation (FIDE)*, kwavaikwikwidza vachishandisa mazita emanyepo kuti vadzivirire kuzivikanwa kwavo. Chiitiko, kutepfenyura live, chaive chiyeuchidzo kunyika kuti, zvakadaro, Vakadzi veAfghan vanoramba vachirwa.

Zvisinei, network iyi inotarisana nematambudziko anogara aripo. Kushaikwa kwezvishandiso ndicho chimwe chezvipingamupinyi zvikuru: vatambi vazhinji havakwanise kuwana mabhodhi emuviri uye vanofanirwa kugadzikana kudhirowa masikweya pabepa kana kushandisa maapplication pamafoni ekutanga.. Besides, kutya kuwanikwa kunoganhura kuwanda kwemisangano. Kunyange zvakadaro, network inoenderera, nekuti inomiririra imwe yeashoma mafomu ekusapikisa kuramba akasara muAfghanistan.

Chess sedimikira rekurwira kwevakadzi

Kupfuura kukosha kwayo sechinhu chinovaraidza kana mutambo, Chess yave dimikira rine simba rekurwira kwevakadzi veAfghan. Mutambo wega wega chiratidzo chechokwadi chako: mutambo apo mitemo yakagadzirirwa kuderedza kufamba kwako, asi uko hunyanzvi uye zano rinogona kuvhura nzira dzisingatarisirwe. pabhodhi, sezvakaita muhupenyu, Vakadzi veAfghan vanodzidza kufamba munzvimbo ine ruvengo, kutarisira mafambiro e “muvengi” (hurumende, nzanga yemadzibaba) uye kuwana nzvimbo dzerusununguko mukati mezvirambidzo.

Chess inodzidzisa kushivirira, hunhu hunokosha mumamiriro ezvinhu apo kuramba kunofanira kunyarara uye kunotsigirwa. Vatambi vacho vanoziva kuti havangahwine mutambo wese, asi kufamba kwese kunosimbisa kuvapo kwayo. Mumashoko emudzidzisi wechess uyo zvino anogara mukutapwa: *”MuAfghanistan, vakadzi havagoni kusarudza magumo avo, asi pabhodhi, kwemaminetsi mashoma, vakasununguka. Vanogona kuva mambokadzi, makumbo kana pawns, asi ivo ndivo vanosarudza kuti vofamba sei”*.

Dimikira iri rinotambanukirawo kunzira iyo vakadzi veAfghan vakagadzirisa mutambo wacho kuti uve wechokwadi wavo.. Mune dzimwe nharaunda, vakagadzira akasiyana chess anoratidza zvavakasangana nazvo. Semuyenzaniso, mumutambo unonzi *”Chess pasi peburqa”*, Zvimedu zvichena zvinomiririra vakadzi uye zvidimbu zvitema zvinomiririra hurumende.. Chinangwa hachisi chekutarisa mambo., sino “release” kune zvimedu zvichena zvichizviendesa kune rumwe rutivi rwepuranga, kuratidzira kutsvaga rusununguko. Aya magadzirirwo haangoite kuti mutambo uwedzere kukosha, asi zvakare vanochishandura kuita chimbo chekudzidzisa kudzidzisa vasikana nezvekodzero dzavo uye kukosha kwekuramba.

Chess yakashandawo sebhiriji nenyika yekunze. In 2023, documentary ine musoro unoti *”Checkmate: Vakadzi veAfghanistan”* yakaratidza kuti vatambi vechikadzi vepasi pevhu vakabatana sei nenharaunda dzepasirese kuburikidza nemitambo yepamhepo. Iye mafirimu, iyo yakatanga kumitambo yekodzero dzevanhu, yakabatsira kuita kuti kurwira kwavo kuonekwe uye kuunganidza mari yekutsigira network yavo yepachivande. Sezvakataurwa nemumwe wevaratidziri: *”Nyika inotiona sevanhu vabatwa, asi pabhodhi, tiri varwi”*.

Mhedziso: chekimate haisati yasvika

Nyaya yevakadzi veAfghan vanotamba chess muchivande ndeye, kutanga kwazvose, nyaya yekuramba. Munyika yavanonyimwa kodzero yekudzidza, kushanda uye kunyange kufamba, bhodhi rava nzvimbo yekusununguka, chiyeuchidzo chokuti pfungwa dzako nemweya hazvigoni kusungwa. Zvisinei, Kuramba uku hakusi pasina njodzi. Mutambo wega wega unotambwa muchivande chiitiko chekuzvidza chinogona kuvatorera rusununguko kana hupenyu hwavo.. Kunyange zvakadaro, shingirira, nekuti vanonzwisisa kuti chess inopfuura mutambo: Inzira yekuchengeta hunhu hwako.

Vekunze vane basa rakakosha muhondo iyi. Kudzvinyirirwa kwenyika dzese kuhurumende yeTaliban, Rutsigiro kumasangano anoshanda pasi pevhu uye kuita kuti nyaya idzi dzionekwe ndiwo maturusi akakosha kudzivirira kuramba kudzima.. Mapuratifomu akadai sesocial network kana online makwikwi aratidza izvozvo, kunyange murima, Pane nzira dzekubatana nenyika uye kuyeuchidza vakadzi veAfghan kuti havasi vega.

Asi mubvunzo unoramba uri mumhepo ndewokuti: Vanogona kuramba vachitamba kwenguva yakareba sei?? chess, nemutauro wayo wepasi rose wezano uye moyo murefu, yakapa vakadzi ava chombo kuti vararame, asi hazvina kukwana. Kukunda kwechokwadi kuchauya kana iwe uchigona kutamba usingatyi, apo burqa inomira kuva nhovo uye inova sarudzo, apo bhodhi haisisiri chiratidzo chekupikisa, asi mutambo chete. Kusvikira ipapo, mutambo wega wega uchava cheki kune hurumende, kumwezve kufamba mumutambo usati wapera.