msewu chess: chikhalidwe ndi kukana m'mabwalo

M'mabwalo otanganidwa amizinda ngati Barcelona, Havana, New York kapena Moscow, pakati pa kung’ung’udza kwa anthu odutsa m’njira ndi mkokomo wa ogulitsa m’misewu, amabisa zochitika zachikhalidwe zomwe zimadutsa malire: iye msewu chess. Kutali ndi zikondwerero zovomerezeka ndi makalabu apamwamba, Kuyenda modzidzimutsa kumeneku kwapanga subculture yapadera, kumene gulu limakhala siteji ya njira, kukaniza ndi dera. Simasewera chabe, koma moyo wotsutsana ndi malamulo okhazikitsidwa, imagwirizanitsa mibadwo ndikutanthauziranso malo a anthu. Kuchokera ku mapaki a Buenos Aires kupita kumisika ya Marrakech, street chess ndi chilankhulo chapadziko lonse lapansi chomwe chimalankhula za kuleza mtima, wochenjera ndi, pamwamba pa zonse, kufunika kwa munthu kugwirizana. M'nkhaniyi, tifufuza magwero ake, chikhalidwe chake, zilembo zomwe zimasunga moyo ndi zinsinsi zomwe zimapangitsa kukana kupita kwa nthawi.

Chiyambi cha street chess: za kukana chikhalidwe chotchuka

Chess yamsewu sinabadwire pamalo enaake, koma monga kuyankha kwachilengedwe ku zochitika zenizeni za mbiri yakale komanso zachikhalidwe. Chiyambi chake chinayambira kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900, pamene masewera, mwamwambo amalumikizana ndi osankhika, anayamba kusefera m'makalasi otchuka. Mu Russia, Mwachitsanzo, Mapaki a ku Moscow ndi St., kumene ogwira ntchito ndi asilikali adazitenga ngati chida chogwiritsira ntchito malingaliro panthawi yachisokonezo. Panthawiyi, mu Cuba, masewera a chess adakula m'zaka 60 monga gawo la ndawala Fidel Castro kuti njuga demokalase, kuchipanga kukhala chizindikiro cha kusintha kwa chikhalidwe.

Mu USA, Chochitikacho chinasintha. Pazaka zambiri 70 y 80, m'madera monga Harlem kapena Lower East Side ya New York, chess wosakanikirana ndi chikhalidwe cha hip-hop ndi zolimbikitsa anthu ammudzi. Mawerengero ngati Maurice Ashley, woyamba African American Grandmaster, anatulukira pa matabwa amenewa panja, kumene achinyamata anaphunzira kuganiza mwanzeru pamene akuthawa chiwawa cha m’makwalala. Mu Spain, kwa iye, msewu chess anaphatikizidwa mu 90, makamaka m'mizinda ngati Barcelona, kumene osamukira ku Latin America ndi Eastern Europe anaulandira monga mlatho wa chikhalidwe.

Chochititsa chidwi ndi kayendedwe kameneka, mosiyana ndi mpikisano wa chess, safuna maudindo kapena mphotho, sino zochitika pamodzi. Palibe otsutsa kapena mawotchi okhwima; malamulowo amagwirizana ndi nkhani yake, ndipo mphoto yeniyeni ndi ulemu womwe umapezeka pakati pa osewera. Kusinthasintha uku kwapangitsa kuti chess mumsewu ikhalepo ndikukula., ngakhale m'zaka za digito, kumene nsanja ngati Chess.com o Lichess lamulira powonekera.

Bwaloli ngati malo otsutsa komanso ammudzi

Zoposa zosangalatsa chabe, msewu chess ndi ndale. M’mizinda yambiri, Mapulani omwe amaikidwa m'mabwalo kapena m'mapaki ndi chifukwa cha zovuta zapafupi kuti apezenso malo a anthu. Mu Buenos Aires, Mwachitsanzo, Kusuntha kwa chess mumsewu mdera la San Telmo kudatulukira ngati njira yopewera kufalikira, kupanga malo osonkhanira omwe achinyamata ndi achikulire amagawana chidziwitso. Mu London, m'zaka za austerity, matabwa m'mapaki ngati Bethnal Green Anakhala malo okhala anthu opanda pokhala, omwe adapeza mumasewera mawonekedwe a ulemu ndi kulumikizana.

Kukula kwa derali kumawonekera m'mbali zingapo:

• Kutumiza kwa chidziwitso: M’zikhalidwe zambiri, chess mumsewu imagwira ntchito ngati sukulu yosakhazikika. Osewera odziwa zambiri amaphunzitsa ongoyamba kumene, kupanga mndandanda wamaphunziro omwe amadutsa mibadwo. Mu India, Mwachitsanzo, Ndizofala kuona akulu akuphunzitsa ana kutsegulira masitepe a akachisi.
• Kuphatikizidwa kwa anthu: Masewera a chess amathetsa zolepheretsa zaka, jenda ndi kalasi. Mu Berlin, magulu ngati Chess mu park Amakonzekera masewera osakanikirana kumene othawa kwawo, ophunzira ndi opuma amapikisana mofanana. Mu Mexico, m'malo ngati Alameda Central, Azimayi omwe adachotsedwapo m'mabwalo a chess tsopano amatsogolera masewera.
• Chithandizo chamagulu: Muzochitika zamavuto, chess mumsewu yakhala ngati chida chochiritsa. Pambuyo pa chivomezi cha Haiti ku 2010, anthu ongodzipereka anaika matabwa m’misasa ya anthu othawa kwawo, kugwiritsa ntchito sewero kuti muchepetse kupsinjika pambuyo pa zoopsa. Mu Palestine, m’mizinda ngati Ramallah, chess yakhala chizindikiro cha kukana mwamtendere, kumene achinyamata amachita ngati njira yochotsera chiwawa.

Komabe, Ntchito yachitukukoyi ilibe zovuta.. M’mizinda yambiri, Akuluakulu amawona chess mumsewu ngati “vuto la dongosolo la anthu”, kuziphatikiza ndi kutchova njuga kosaloledwa kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Mu Paris, Mwachitsanzo, Apolisi athyola matabwa m'mabwalo ngati Republic Square pansi pa mkangano kuti “kulimbikitsa ulesi”. Kuphwanya malamulo uku kumanyalanyaza gawo lomwe chess imachita poletsa umbanda: maphunziro monga omwe amachitidwa ndi a Yunivesite ya Chicago mu 2018 adawonetsa kuti m'madera omwe masewera a chess amapangidwira, ziwawa za achinyamata zimatsika mpaka 30%.

Oyang'anira bodi: anthu amene amasunga mwambo

Kuseri kwa masewera aliwonse amsewu pali nkhani za anthu omwe, nthawi zambiri osadziwika, Iwo amapereka miyoyo yawo kuti ateteze subculture iyi. Iwo ndiwo oyang'anira bodi, ziwerengero kuyambira akatswiri akale mpaka anthu odziphunzitsa okha omwe adapeza mu chess chifukwa chodzuka tsiku lililonse.

Chimodzi mwa zizindikiro kwambiri ndi Emanuel Lasker, ngakhale siwopambana padziko lonse lapansi wa dzina lomwelo, koma wosewera mumsewu Havana chani, kwa zaka zambiri, anatsutsa alendo ndi anthu am'deralo mu Central Park. Wodziwika ngati “Old Lasker”, munthu uyu 80 zaka adakhala nthano chifukwa amatha kusewera masewera asanu nthawi imodzi osaluza. Nkhani yake ikuwonetsa momwe chess mumsewu ingakhalire ntchito: osewera ambiri, makamaka m'mayiko omwe ali ndi chuma chosalimba, Amadalira kutchova njuga mwamwayi kuti apulumuke. Mu Russia, Mwachitsanzo, Ndi zachilendo kwa osewera akatswiri kupita kumapaki ngati Gorky Park kupeza ndalama pamasewera ofulumira.

Nkhani ina yodziwika bwino ndi ya Jessica Prescott, mtsikana wochokera ku London chani, pambuyo pogonjetsa kumwerekera, adayambitsa gulu Chess mu Park. Ntchito yake sikuti imangophunzitsa chess kwa ana omwe ali pachiwopsezo, komanso amakonza zikondwerero pomwe mphotho ndi chakudya kapena zovala za anthu osowa pokhala. Mu Argentina, Carlos “Mbuye” González Iye ndi munthu wofunikira m'dera la Pakamwa, kumene kumatengera zambiri kuposa 40 zaka zophunzitsa chess kwa ana apafupi, ambiri mwa iwo apita kukapikisana nawo m’mipikisano yadziko.

Makhalidwewa ali ndi chikhalidwe: Safuna kutchuka, koma cholowa. Chikhutiro chake chachikulu sikupambana masewera, koma kuona mmene ophunzira ake amagonjetsera malire awo. M'dziko lomwe mpikisano wa chess umayendetsedwa ndi ma algorithms ngati Nsomba o AlphaZero, Amayimira chikhalidwe chaumunthu cha masewerawo: luso loganiza, adapt ndi, pamwamba pa zonse, kulumikizana.

Tsogolo la chess mumsewu: pakati pa miyambo ndi luso

Mu nthawi ya eSports ndi masewera a pa intaneti, masewera a chess amakumana ndi vuto: Momwe mungasungire chikhalidwe chanu m'dziko lomwe likuchulukirachulukira digito? Yankho si lophweka, koma pali zizindikiro kuti subculture iyi ikusintha popanda kutaya chidziwitso chake.

Chimodzi mwazinthu zosangalatsa kwambiri ndi hybridization ndi teknoloji. M'mizinda ngati Barcelona o Berlin, magulu ngati Chess mu City Amapanga masewera omwe osewera amagwiritsa ntchito matabwa, koma amalemba mayendedwe awo m'mapulogalamu monga Chess.com kusanthula masewera anu pambuyo pake. Izi sizimangokopa achinyamata omwe adazolowera digito, komanso amalola kupanga magulu adziko lonse lapansi. Mwachitsanzo, mu New York, polojekiti Street Chess NYC kuulutsa masewera amoyo pa Twitch, kukopa owonera masauzande ambiri omwe amabetcha pa intaneti kapena kupereka ndalama kwa osewera.

China chatsopano ndi kukulitsa malo atsopano. Masewera a chess samangokhala mabwalo ndi mapaki. Mu Tokyo, Mwachitsanzo, matabwa aikidwa m'masiteshoni a sitima, pamene mu Amsterdam, mipiringidzo ndi malo odyera amapereka masewera aulere posinthana ndi kudya. Mu Medellín, pulogalamu Chess for Life amabweretsa matabwa kumidzi, kugwiritsa ntchito masewero ngati chida chophunzitsira pofuna kupewa kulemba ana ndi magulu ankhondo.

Komabe, Vuto lalikulu lidakalipo kutetezedwa kwa chikhalidwe chake. M’dziko limene anthu amangokonda munthu payekha, street chess imapereka china chake chapadera: mwayi wokhala pamaso pa mlendo ndi, mu chete, kugawana chidziwitso chaluntha. Kuti mwambowu usasowe, Ndikofunikira kuti mibadwo yatsopano isatengeke ngati masewera osavuta, koma ngati a mwambo wodutsa. Zoyeserera ngati za Chess ku Slums mu Nigeria, komwe ana ochokera m'malo osanja amaphunzira masewera a chess m'malo mwachiwawa, kusonyeza kuti bolodi likupitiriza kukhala chizindikiro cha chiyembekezo.

Tsogolo la chess mumsewu lidzadalira luso lake lotha kusintha popanda kutaya moyo wake. Ngati mutha kulinganiza zatsopano ndi miyambo, idzapitiriza kukhala chizindikiro cha kukana chikhalidwe m'mabwalo a dziko lapansi.

Mapeto: chess mumsewu ngati galasi laumunthu

Street chess ndi zambiri kuposa masewera: ndi a chikhalidwe chodabwitsa zomwe zimasonyeza zotsutsana ndi kukongola kwa chikhalidwe cha munthu. M'nkhani yonseyi, tawona momwe zidawonekera ngati chida chotsutsa, Linakhala danga lophatikizika ndipo masiku ano zimavutikira kukhala m'dziko lomwe likuchulukirachulukira.. Chiyambi chake, kugwirizana ndi zisinthe ndi mavuto azachuma, Amatikumbutsa kuti mayendedwe akulu azikhalidwe amabadwa kuchokera pakufunika, osati zapamwamba. Kutha kwake kugwirizanitsa anthu amisinkhu yosiyanasiyana, jenda ndi magulu a chikhalidwe zimasonyeza kuti, pa bolodi, tonse ndife ofanana.

Makhalidwe omwe amamusunga wamoyo, kuchokera ku “Old Lasker” ku Havana kupita kwa Jessica Prescott ku London, Ndiwo umboni kuti chess mumsewu sikutanthauza kupambana kapena kuluza, koma cha pangani anthu. M'dziko lomwe kuyanjana kwa anthu kumachepetsedwa kukhala zokonda ndi mauthenga a ephemeral, chinthu chophweka chokhala pamaso pa wotsutsa ndi kuganiza mwakachetechete kumatenga phindu losintha. Komanso, Udindo wake monga chida chosinthira chikhalidwe cha anthu -kuchokera pakuchepetsa ziwawa za achinyamata mpaka kukhala ngati chithandizo m'malo osamvana -zimapangitsa kukhala chida chamtengo wapatali chomwe mizinda iyenera kuteteza., musapandule mlandu.

Kuyang'ana zam'tsogolo, chess mumsewu ikukumana ndi vuto lodziyambitsanso popanda kutaya tanthauzo lake. Tekinoloje ikhoza kukhala yothandizana nayo, koma sichiyenera kulowa m'malo mwa kukhudzana ndi anthu, kununkhiza kwa matabwa kuchokera ku matabwa otha kapena phokoso la zidutswa zikuyenda. Kupulumuka kwake kudzadalira mibadwo yatsopano kuona kuti si nthano zakale., koma ngati a chida chamtsogolo. M'dziko lomwe likugawanika kwambiri, masewera a chess amatikumbutsa zimenezo, Pomaliza pake, tonse timasewera ndi zidutswa zomwezo: kokha njira zimasiyanasiyana. ndipo mwina, m’chowonadi chosavuta chimenecho, bodza mphamvu zanu zazikulu.