8 mphindi za epic chess zomwe zimatsutsana ndi malingaliro

chess, masewera akale amene amaphatikiza strategy, nzeru ndi psychology, Chakhala chochitika cha zochitika zosangalatsa kwambiri—ndipo nthaŵi zina zosamveka—m’mbiri.. Kuchokera pamasewera omwe amatsutsana ndi malamulo a logic mpaka nkhani zomwe zili m'malire a surreal, gulu lachitira umboni zozizwitsa zomwe zimadutsa kuyenda kosavuta kwa zidutswa. Zomwe zimatsogolera mbuye wamkulu kupereka mfumukazi yake nsembe mwanzeru? Kapena wosewera yemwe wataya masewera chifukwa cholakwitsa mopusa kwambiri zimangowoneka ngati nthabwala?? Kupitilira pamipikisano komanso kutsegulira kwamalingaliro, chess amasunga nkhani zosakaniza sewero, nthabwala komanso ngakhale kukhudza misala.

M'nkhaniyi, Tisanthula mphindi zisanu ndi zitatu mwazo zomwe zidawonetsa kale komanso pambuyo pamasewera, mwina chifukwa chanzeru zake, Kusowa kwake kapena kukhudza kwake pachikhalidwe cha chess. Kuchokera ku “Game of the Century” mpaka tsiku lomwe osewera adasiya masewera chifukwa adamva fungo loyipa, Chigawo chilichonse chimasonyeza mbali yosayembekezereka ya masewera amaganizo awa. Konzekerani kuti mudziwe momwe chess, mu ulemu wake wowonekera, watha kuyambitsa zina mwa zochitika zazikulu—ndi zachilendo—m’mbiri.

Iye “Game of the Century”: pamene mwana wa 13 zaka zochititsa manyazi mphunzitsi wamkulu

Iye 17 October 1956, pa New York Tournament, wachinyamata dzina lake Bobby Fischer -yemwe adangosewera chess mwampikisano kwa zaka zitatu - adakumana ndi agogo ake Donald Byrne, m'modzi mwa osewera amphamvu kwambiri ku United States panthawiyo. Zomwe zidachitika mumasewerawa sizinangodabwitsa dziko la chess, koma chinakhala chochitika chambiri: Fischer, ndi chete 13 zaka, adaphatikizira modabwitsa kwambiri kotero kuti akatswiri adazitcha kuti “Game of the Century”.

Masewerawa adayamba ndikutsegula kowoneka ngati kopanda vuto, ndi Defensa Grünfeld, ndi Fischer, kusewera ndi wakuda, adapereka amayi ake nsembe mumayendedwe 17. Sikunali kulakwitsa, koma mawerengedwe mwaluso: m'mayendedwe otsatirawa, Anagwirizanitsa zidutswa zake ndi opaleshoni yolondola, kusiya Byrne popanda zosankha. Sewero lofunikira lidabwera mumayendedwe 23, pamene Fischer anapereka nsembe bishopu wake kuti atsegule fayilo yotsimikizika. Byrne, odabwa, sakanakhoza kupeŵa kugonjetsedwa, ndipo masewerawo adatha ndi mnzake wosapeŵeka pakuyenda 41.

Chodabwitsa kwambiri sichinali chipambano chokha, sino momwe Fischer adachitira. Pamsinkhu umenewo, osewera ambiri amavutikabe kuti amvetse mfundo zapamwamba za njira, koma adawonetsa kumvetsetsa kwakukulu kwa kayendetsedwe ka gululo, chinthu chomwe nthawi zambiri chimayamba pambuyo pazaka zambiri zakuchitikira. Iye “Game of the Century” sizinangopangitsa kuti Fischer akhale wotchuka, komanso adafotokozeranso zomwe zinkawoneka kuti zingatheke mu chess. Akatswiri ambiri, monga mphunzitsi wamkulu Garry Kasparov, adanenanso kuti masewerawa anali owonetsa machitidwe aukali komanso opanga omwe angawonekere Fischer pantchito yake..

Koma kupitirira mtengo wake luso, mphindi iyi ikuphatikiza zamatsenga a chess: masewera kumene zaka, Zomwe zachitika komanso mbiri zitha kuchotsedwa chifukwa chanzeru. Fischer sanangopambana; anaphunzitsa dziko kuti chess ilibe malire.

Masewera omwe adapitilira 20 maola (ndipo adamaliza molingana chifukwa chotopa)

Ngati chess ndi nkhondo yamalingaliro, masewera pakati Ivan Nikolić y Goran Arsović mu Yugoslavia Championship 1989 anatengera lingaliro limenelo monyanyira. Zomwe zidayamba ngati duel ina mumpikisanowu zidakhala mayeso opitilira muyeso opirira mwakuthupi komanso m'maganizo.: 269 mayendedwe mkati 20 maola ndi 15 mphindi, mbiri ya Guinness yomwe ilipobe mpaka pano.

Masewerawa adachitika mu gawo lomaliza la mpikisanowu, pamene osewera onse anali atatopa kale ndi masiku a mpikisano. Nikolic, ndi zoyera, anasankha kutsegula kolimba, ndi Chitetezo cha ku France, kuyang'ana masewera apamwamba. Komabe, Arsović adayankha ndi kulimba mtima kosagwedezeka, kuteteza malo aliwonse ndi millimeter molondola. Zomwe zinkawoneka ngati tayi yaukadaulo idakokera kwa maola ambiri, ndi osewera onse kubwereza mayendedwe pofuna kufooketsa wotsutsa. Panthawi ina, Masewerawa adafika pachimake pomwe mbali zonse sizikanatha kukakamiza chigonjetso popanda kugonja..

Sewero lenileni, komabe, sanali pa bolodi, koma mu mikhalidwe yomwe idaseweredwa. Osewera, nkhawa yakutopa kwa osewera, Anayesa kuyimira pakati kuti avomereze tayi, koma onse awiri adakana, kutengeka ndi maganizo akuti winayo alakwitsa. Chipinda chamasewera, nthawi zambiri amakhala chete, kunadzadza ndi kung'ung'udza pakati pa owonerera, ena mwa omwe adachoka pamalopo kuti abwererenso patapita maola angapo ndipo adapeza osewera awiriwa akadali m'malo omwewo. Ngakhale okonza nawo adaganiza zoyimitsa masewerawa chifukwa cha thanzi., koma malamulo a mpikisano adaletsa.

Pomaliza, pambuyo kuposa 20 maola akuvuta, osewera adagwirizana kuti apange draw pakuyenda 269. Koma cholowa chenicheni cha masewerawa sichinali mbiri, sino chiwonetsero chomwe chinapanga pamalire a mpikisano wa chess. Kodi kuli koyenera kutalikitsa nkhondo yomwe ilibenso nzeru mpaka pati?? Kutopa ndi gawo lovomerezeka lamasewera, kapena pakhale malire oteteza osewera? Masewera awa, kuposa chidwi, chinakhala chizindikiro cha kutengeka mtima kwa munthu ndi chipambano, ngakhale mtengo wake ndi thanzi la munthu.

Tsiku lomwe wosewera adasiya chifukwa wopikisana naye adanunkha

Mu 2008, pa nthawi ya Mpikisano wa Norwegian Chess Championship, mphunzitsi wamkulu Magnus Carlsen —omwe anali nawo okha 17 zaka zambiri—anakumana ndi mdani wake, nayenso mphunzitsi wamkulu Simon Agdestein. Zomwe zikadayenera kukhala masewera ena chabe pantchito ya ngwazi yapadziko lonse lapansi yamtsogolo idakhala imodzi mwazolemba zamasewera amakono a chess.. Carlsen, kukhumudwa ndi fungo la thupi la mdani wake, adasiya masewera akuyenda 33, kunena kuti samatha kutchera khutu.

Chochitikacho chinayambitsa mkangano nthawi yomweyo.: Kodi zinali zomveka kuti wosewera achoke pazifukwa zomwe sizikugwirizana ndi masewerawa?? Osewera, pambuyo pokambirana, Iwo adaganiza kuti Carlsen adaphwanya malamulo posamaliza masewerawo, ndipo adapereka chigonjetso kwa Agdestein kuyenda. Komabe, Mlanduwo unaposa bwalo lamasewera. Otsutsa ena adanena kuti Carlsen adachita zinthu zosagwirizana ndi masewera., pamene ena adateteza kuti chess ndi masewera amaganizo omwe amafunikira kukhazikika kwathunthu, ndi kuti kudodometsa kulikonse—ngakhale fungo losasangalatsa—kungakhale chinthu chotsimikizira.

Chodabwitsa kwambiri pankhaniyi ndi chakuti Carlsen anali wodziwika kale chifukwa cha chidwi chake pa zokopa zakunja. Mu zoyankhulana pambuyo pake, adavomereza kuti maphokoso, kuwala ngakhalenso fungo zingakhudze ntchito yake. Izi makamaka, kutali ndi kufooka, anakhala mbali ya nthano yake: wosewera yemwe sanangolamulira gululo, komanso chilengedwe chake. Komabe, Nkhaniyi idawunikiranso vuto lomwe limabwerezedwanso mu chess yapamwamba: kusowa kwa ma protocol a zochitika zosazolowereka.

Ngati wosewera mpira ali ndi ufulu wopempha kusintha kwa zinthu ngati chinachake chikumusokoneza? Kapena chess, monga masewera amisala, imafuna ophunzira kuti agwirizane ndi vuto lililonse? Mlandu wa Carlsen-Agdestein unalibe yankho lomveka bwino, koma idasiya funso losasangalatsa: Kodi zokhumba zingapite patali bwanji pamasewera pomwe malingaliro ali chilichonse??.

Masewera omwe adatsala pang'ono kuyambitsa nkhondo: Fischer vs. Spasky, 1972

Iye Mpikisano wa World Chess 1972, ku Reykjavik, Iceland, Zinali zambiri kuposa mpikisano pakati pa ambuye awiri akuluakulu: anali a chiwonetsero cha geopolitical mkati mwa Cold War. Mbali inayi, Boris Spassky, soviet champion, woimira dongosolo lomwe linkawona chess ngati chida chofalitsa. Kumbali ina, Bobby Fischer, genius waku America, munthu wotengeka mtima, paranoid ndi wanzeru, yemwe adabwera kumasewerawa ndi mndandanda wazinthu zomwe akufuna kukhala zopanda pake kotero kuti zidatsala pang'ono kumuletsa.

Fischer, omwe anali asanasewere mpikisano wovomerezeka pakadutsa chaka chimodzi, Anafika ku Iceland ali ndi mtima wosamvera. Iye analamula kuti makamera a wailesi yakanema achotsedwe (chifukwa, malinga ndi iye, Anatulutsa ma radiation omwe amakhudza kukhazikika kwawo), kuti tebulo lamasewera lisinthidwe (chifukwa sankakonda mtunduwo), ndipo ngakhale kuonjezera mphoto ndi imodzi 50%. Okonza, mofunitsitsa kupewa fiasco, Anagonjera pafupifupi zofuna zawo zonse. Koma sewero lenileni linayamba pamene Fischer adaluza masewero oyamba m’njira yochititsa manyazi: kulakwitsa potsegulira kunamusiya m'malo otayika. Wokwiya, adadzudzula a Soviet kuti akubera ndikuwopseza kuti asiya mpikisano.

Zomwe zinatsatira ndi zokambirana zaukazembe zomwe zinakhudza Mlembi wa Boma la United States, Henry Kissinger, yemwe adamuyimbira yekha Fischer kuti amutsimikizire kuti apitirize. “Amereka amakufunani”, anamuuza iye. Fischer, potsiriza, anavomera, koma ndi chikhalidwe chimodzi: kuti masewera achiwiri adzaseweredwa mchipinda chayekha, popanda anthu kapena makamera. Spasky, mu mawonekedwe a masewera (kapena mwina maganizo njira), kuvomereza. Zotsatira zake zinali mbiri yakale: Fischer adapambana masewera achiwiri ndi kuphatikiza kwabwino, ndi kuchokera pamenepo, Masewerawa adasintha mosayembekezereka.

Fischer sanangopambana mpikisano, koma anaphwanya ulamuliro wa Soviet mu chess, chinthu chimene ankachiyesa chosatheka. Kupambana kwake kunakondweretsedwa ku United States monga kupambana kwamalingaliro., pamene mu USSR izo zinkawoneka ngati zochititsa manyazi. Koma kupitirira ndale, Masewera a Fischer-Spassky adawonetsa china chake chozama: Chess ikhoza kukhala bwalo lankhondo pomwe si malingaliro awiri okha omwe amakumana., koma masomphenya awiri a dziko. Ndipo mu nkhani iyi, Luso la Fischer linali lalikulu kwambiri moti ngakhale makina ofalitsa nkhani za Soviet sakanatha..

Cholakwika chodula kwambiri m'mbiri: pamene agogo anataya ndi a “fufuzani mu 1”

M'menemo Mpikisano wa Linares Chess 1993, imodzi mwa olemekezeka kwambiri padziko lapansi, mphunzitsi wamkulu Veselin Topalov -amene zaka pambuyo pake akanakhala ngwazi yapadziko lonse - adalakwitsa kwambiri kotero kuti amaphunziridwabe lero m'masukulu a chess monga chitsanzo cha zomwe ayi ziyenera kuchitidwa. Pamasewera olimbana nawonso grandmaster Judit Polgár, wosewera wabwino kwambiri m'mbiri, Topalov anali ndi udindo wapamwamba. Komabe, mosasamala mosadziwika bwino, sanawone mnzanga akuyenda ndipo anataya masewera.

Cholakwikacho chinachitika mumayendedwe 36. Topalov, ndi zoyera, anali ndi rook wokangalika ndi bishopu, pamene Polgár, ndi wakuda, adateteza malo owopsa. M'malo mopitiriza ubwino wanu, Topalov anasuntha ntchentche yake kumalo komwe kunalola Polgár kuti ayang'ane ndi mfumukazi yake paulendo wotsatira.. Gululo linkawoneka chonchi:

• Topalov (woyera): ku e8.
• Nzika (wakuda): mkazi h3.

Ndi yosavuta Dh3-h1++, Polgár anamaliza masewerawo. Topalov, wosakhulupirira, Anayang'ana gululo kwa masekondi angapo asanagwire chanza kwa mnzake.. Chodabwitsa kwambiri sichinali cholakwika chokha, sino nkhani yomwe zidachitika: mpikisano wosankhika, komwe osewera amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwerengera mitundu yovuta ndi kulondola kwa millimeter. Kodi gogo wamkulu pamlingo wake anganyalanyaze bwanji chinthu choyambirira chotere??

Ofufuza apereka malingaliro angapo. Ena amanena kuti Topalov, m’chikhumbo chake chofuna kupambana, adadzaza malingaliro ake ndi mitundu yovuta kwambiri, kutaya maso pa zoonekeratu. Ena amanena za kutopa: Mpikisano wa Linares umadziwika ndi zofuna zake zakuthupi, ndipo osewera nthawi zambiri amafika kumapeto kwa mpikisano ndi mitsempha yawo yowonongeka. Koma mwina mafotokozedwe omveka bwino ndi amenewo chess, ngakhale pamlingo wake wapamwamba kwambiri, akadali masewera amunthu, ndipo anthu amalakwitsa.

Chigawo ichi chikhala chikumbutso cha izi, ngakhale luso ndi kukonzekera zasintha, Chess akadali duel pakati pa malingaliro awiri, ndi mu duel imeneyo, kupsyinjika, Kutopa komanso kudzikuza kungathe kukutsutsani.. Topalov anaphunzira phunziro movutikira: mu chess, sekondi ya kusasamala kungawononge masewera, mpikisano ngakhale mpikisano.

Mapeto: pamene chess imadutsa bolodi

chess, m'malo mwake, Ndi masewera a malamulo osavuta koma zotheka zopanda malire. Komabe, monga tawonera mu mphindi zisanu ndi zitatu izi, Ukulu wake weniweni sumangodalira luso kapena luso, koma mu nkhani za anthu zomwe zidalukidwa mozungulira bolodi. Kuchokera pa luso lakale la Bobby Fischer mpaka kutopa kwambiri pamasewera a 20 maola, kudutsa muzolakwa zomwe zimawoneka molunjika kuchokera ku maloto owopsa ndi anecdotes zomwe zimadutsa mopanda pake, chess yatsimikizira kuti ndi chithunzithunzi cha chikhalidwe cha anthu: chowala, osalimba, obsessive ndi, nthawi zina, wopanda nzeru.

Nkhanizi zikutiphunzitsa kuti chess si masewera amisala chabe, komanso a galasi la zotsutsana zathu. Momwe mungafotokozere kuti wosewera ngati Fischer, wokhoza kuwerengera mitundu yosiyanasiyana molunjika kwambiri kuposa munthu, Iye analinso munthu wozunzika ndi paranoia? Kapena kuti mphunzitsi wamkulu ngati Topalov, ophunzitsidwa kuona zosaoneka, Ndikhoza kunyalanyaza zoonekeratu? Yankho ndiloti chess, ngati moyo, sichangwiro. Ndilodzala ndi mphindi za ulemerero ndi kulephera kwakukulu., zamasewera ndi malingaliro osagwirizana ndi nzeru.

Kupitilira zolemba ndi masewera osaiwalika, Chomwe chimapirira kuyambira nthawi izi ndi kuthekera kwawo kugwirizana ndi chinthu chapadziko lonse lapansi. Zonse, nthawi ina, tamva kukhumudwa chifukwa cholakwitsa chomwe chingapeweke, chisangalalo cha chipambano chosayembekezeka kapena kusapeza bwino kwa mdani yemwe, mwangozi, Zimatichotsa pamasewera athu.. chess, m’lingaliro limenelo, Ndi microcosm ya moyo: danga limene luntha ndi kutengeka mtima zimawombana, kumene logic ndi chisokonezo zimalumikizana, ndi ku, Pomaliza pake, zomwe zatsalira si zidutswa za bolodi, koma nkhani zomwe timanena za iwo.

Ndiye nthawi ina mukawonera masewera a chess, kumbukirani: kuseri kwa kayendedwe kalikonse kuli nkhani. Ena adzakhala epic, zina zachilendo, koma onse adzakhala ndi kanthu kofanana: Iwo atikumbutsa zimenezo, Pomaliza pake, chess sichimaseweredwa ndi malingaliro okha, komanso ndi mtima.