He pāʻani kanaka maoli nō ka chess?

ʻO Chess ke aupuni o ka manaʻo o ke kanaka no nā kenekulia., he kahua kaua kahi hoʻolālā, hui pū ʻia ka noʻonoʻo a me ka naʻau i kēlā me kēia neʻe. Eia naʻe, i ka makahiki o ka naauao hana, kahi e hoʻokō ai nā mīkini e like me Stockfish a i ʻole AlphaZero i nā grandmasters me ka pololei ʻole o ke kanaka, he nīnau hoihoi: He pāʻani kanaka maoli nō ka chess? Prima facie, ua maopopo ka pane: ka lolouila. Akā inā mākou e hele hohonu, ua ʻike mākou i kēlā chess, ʻoi aku ma mua o kahi kau kānāwai, He aniani ia o ke kanaka. ʻAʻole ia e pili ana i ka helu ʻana i nā ʻano like ʻole a i ʻole ka loiloi ʻana i nā kūlana, akā e hoʻomaopopo i ka psychology o ka hoʻokūkū, e lawe pilikia, e ike i ke kaumaha o ka manawa a, maluna o na mea a pau, e hana i ka nani ma ka papa. Hiki i nā mīkini ke lanakila, Akā hiki iā lākou ke *pāʻani* e like me mākou?? ʻIke kēia ʻatikala i ke kumu, ʻoiai ma nā lima o nā algorithms, Mālama ka chess i kona ʻano kanaka: ka hiki ke hai moolelo, e hoʻokūkū i nā palena o ka noʻonoʻo a hoʻopili i nā poʻe ma mua o ka loina anu.

ʻO Chess ma ke ʻano he ʻōlelo no ka naʻauao

ʻAʻole pāʻani wale ka chess; he olelo. He ʻōnaehana o nā hōʻailona a me nā lula e ʻoi aku ma mua o nā moʻomeheu, nā ʻōlelo a me nā manawa, ka ʻae ʻana i nā kānaka ʻelua e kamaʻilio me ka ʻole o ka ʻōlelo. Hoʻolilo kēia ʻano i kekahi o nā hōʻike maʻemaʻe o ka naʻauao kanaka., e like me ka mele a me ka makemakika. Akā, ʻaʻole like me nā pāʻani ʻē aʻe, Pono ʻo Chess i kahi hui kūʻokoʻa o nā mākau cognitive: hoʻomanaʻo, helu ʻana, intuition a, maluna o na mea a pau, ka hiki ke kakali i ka manao o kekahi.

ʻO nā mīkini, no kona aoao, Ua hōʻoia lākou he haku ma kēia ʻōlelo. Nā polokalamu like Iʻa kūʻai o Leela Chess Zero Nānā lākou i nā miliona o nā kūlana i kekona, Ke ʻimi nei i nā pāʻani ʻaʻole hiki i ke kanaka ke noʻonoʻo. Eia naʻe, he “naauao” He ʻokoʻa. ʻOiai ke ʻimi nei ka mea pāʻani kanaka i nā hiʻohiʻona, nā manaʻo a me nā moʻolelo ma ka papa—e like me ke kaumaha me ka wiwo ʻole i kahi ʻāpana a i ʻole ke kūkulu ʻana i kahi hoʻouka nani—, Ke hana nei nā kamepiula ma lalo o ka loiloi optimization maʻemaʻe. ʻAʻohe kuko i kāu mau neʻe, pono pono.

He paradox kēia: Inā he hōʻailona ka chess i ka naʻauao, no ke aha mākou e manaʻo ai i kēlā mau mīkini, ʻoiai kona kūlana ʻenehana, ʻAʻole lākou pāʻani ia *e like me mākou *? ʻO ka pane, ʻaʻole i kaupalena ʻia ka chess kanaka i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā pilikia; hana no hoi ia lakou. ʻAʻole helu wale ke kumu nui i nā ʻano like ʻole, akā koho i kahi ʻano, he ʻike. Ua makemake ʻo Bobby Fischer i nā kūlana huʻihuʻi kahi i ʻālohilohi ai kāna akamai akamai; Anatoly Karpov, ma kahi, akamai i ke ahonui, hoʻopiʻi i kona mau hoa paio me nā hoʻololi kūlana. ʻAʻole ʻenehana wale kēia mau hoʻoholo, sino nani. A ma laila ke kanaka: i ka hiki ke koho, e hewa, e kahaha.

ʻO ka psychology o ka papa: ina he aniani ka hoa paio

ʻO kekahi o nā hiʻohiʻona hoihoi loa o ka chess ʻo kona ʻano psychological.. ʻO kēlā me kēia pāʻani he duel ʻaʻole wale i nā manaʻo, akā, no nā pilikino. E ʻimi ka mea pāʻani koʻikoʻi e paʻakikī i ke kūlana, ʻoiai e hoʻāʻo ka mea pale e hoʻomaʻamaʻa. ʻOi aku kēia pilina ma mua o ka loiloi maʻemaʻe: pili i ka heluhelu ʻana i ka hoʻokūkū, e kakali i ko lākou mau makaʻu a hoʻohana i ko lākou mau nāwaliwali o ka naʻau.

ʻO nā kamepiula, ma kahi, Paʻa lākou i kēia mau pāʻani noʻonoʻo. ʻAʻole lākou manaʻo i ke kaomi, kanalua ole, ʻaʻole lākou e huhū. In 1997, i ka manawa Polū Polū ua lanakila ʻo Garry Kasparov, hoʻolauleʻa ka honua (a mihi paha) ka lanakila o ka mīkini ma luna o ke kanaka. Akā ʻo ka mea i poina e ka poʻe he nui ʻaʻole i nalowale ʻo Kasparov ma muli o nā hewa ʻenehana., aka, no ka mea Polū Polū ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻoweliweli ʻia. Kasparov, maʻa i ka hoʻomāʻewaʻewa ʻana i kona mau hoa paio me kona ʻano hoʻohiwahiwa a me ke ʻano hakakā, Ua hālāwai ʻo ia me kahi hoa paio ʻaʻole i pane aku i kāna mau hoʻonāukiuki. ʻAʻohe waiwai o ka mīkini, ʻAʻole wau i makaʻu, ʻAʻohe aʻu mea e nalowale ai.

ʻO kēia nele o ka noʻonoʻo i loko o nā kamepiula e hōʻike i kahi mea hohonu e pili ana i ka chess kanaka: ʻAʻole ia e pili ana i ka lanakila wale ʻana, akā pehea e loaʻa ai. Hiki i ka mea pāʻani ke kaumaha i kahi ʻāpana ʻaʻole no ka mea ʻo ia ka neʻe maikaʻi loa., akā, no ka mea, ua ʻike ʻo ia e pilikia ana kona hoa paio. Hiki iā ʻoe ke koho i kahi pale passive ʻaʻole no ka nele o nā koho, aka, e hoonaukiuki i ka hoomanawanui o ka hoa paio. ʻO kēia mau hoʻoholo, e kue pinepine ana i ka “ka manaʻo kūpono” o na mikini, ʻO lākou ka mea e hoʻolilo ai i ka chess i pāʻani pilikanaka hohonu. ʻOiai hoʻokahi wale nō, i mua o kahi papa, kamaʻilio mau ke kanaka pāʻani me kekahi kanaka ʻē aʻe, ina paha o kou hoa paio, kou kaʻi a i ʻole kou aka ponoʻī.

ʻO ka hoʻomohala ʻana ma ke ʻano he kipi

Inā he pilikia makemakika wale nō ka chess, ua hoʻoponopono nā mīkini i nā makahiki i hala. ʻAʻole naʻe. He kāwele ka papa kahi e ulu ai ka noʻonoʻo, kahi wale no ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā lula. ʻO nā mea pāʻani maikaʻi e like me Mikhail Tal a i ʻole Magnus Carlsen ʻaʻole i kaupalena iā lākou iho i ka hahai ʻana i nā loina theoretical; hoʻohewa lākou iā lākou, wili lākou iā lākou, hana hou lākou iā lākou. ʻO Tal, ʻo kahi laʻana, Ua kaulana ʻo ia no kāna mau mōhai intuitive, nā pāʻani i kū pinepine ʻole i ka loiloi hohonu akā ua waiho i ko lākou mau hoa paio i ka lolo ma muli o ko lākou wiwo ʻole. Carlsen, ma kahi, makemake i nā kūlana i maʻalahi akā piha i nā nuances, kahi e hiki ai i kēlā me kēia kikoʻī liʻiliʻi ke kuhikuhi i ke koena.

ʻO kēia ʻano hana, ma ke ano nui, he hana kipi i ka wānana. ʻO nā kamepiula, no ka nui o kā lākou kālailai, ʻAʻole hiki iā lākou ke hoʻohālikelike i kēlā ʻano o ka hoʻomaka ʻana mai ka ʻike kanaka. ʻO kahi laʻana maopopo ka manaʻo o zugzwang (he kūlana kahi e hoʻonui ai i ke kūlana o ka mea pāʻani). no ka mīkini, He ʻāpana ʻikepili ʻē aʻe i kāu waihona.. no ke kanaka, He mea hoʻohenehene ia o ka hopena, he pahele noʻonoʻo e hiki ke alakaʻi i ka manaʻolana. ʻAʻole i ana ʻia ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i ka chess ma nā pāʻani nani wale nō, akā, i ka hiki ke ʻike i ka mea ʻike ʻole ʻia e kekahi, o ka uhaki ʻana i nā mamana a me ka loaʻa ʻana o ka nani i ka wā i manaʻo ʻole ʻia.

Ma waho aʻe, Hoʻopili ʻia ka manaʻo noʻeau i ka chess maopopo ole. ʻAe ka mea pāʻani kanaka ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke helu i nā ʻano like ʻole, Pono ʻoe e hilinaʻi i kāu intuition a me kāu ʻike. ʻO nā mīkini, ma kahi, Ke ʻimi nei lākou e hoʻopau i ka maopopo ʻole ma nā koina āpau. He mea koʻikoʻi kēia ʻokoʻa: Puka pololei mai ka hana kanaka mai ka ʻae ʻana i ka mea i ʻike ʻole ʻia, o ka makemake e lawe i na pilikia. Ma ia ano, ʻO ka chess kahi microcosm o ke ola ponoʻī, kahi i hana ʻole ʻia ai nā hoʻoholo me ka ʻike kūpono, aka me ka wiwo ole a me ka ike.

ʻO Chess ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻohālike no ke kūlana kanaka

Ma waho aʻe o nā ʻāpana a me nā neʻe, He mea hoʻohālike ikaika ka Chess no ke ola kanaka. ʻO kēlā me kēia pāʻani he huakaʻi me kahi hoʻomaka, he hooulu a he hopena, piha i nā wili i manaʻo ʻole ʻia, nā hewa a me nā manawa akamai. ola, e like me ka chess, ʻAʻole ia e pili ana i ka hoʻokō ʻana i kahi pahuhopu, aka e pili ana i ke ala e hele ai. Hiki i ka mea pāʻani ke lanakila i ka pāʻani me ka neʻe maikaʻi, akā, inā he luuluu a wānana paha ke kaʻina hana, lilo ka lanakila i kekahi hapa o kona manao. Ma ke ano like, i ke ola, ʻaʻole wale ka hopena, akā ke ʻano o ko mākou alo i nā pilikia.

ʻO nā kamepiula, me kāna hana hoʻohana, ʻAʻole maopopo iā lākou kēia ana. no lakou, He pilikia ka chess: e ʻimi i ka neʻe e hoʻonui i ka manawa lanakila. Akā ʻokoʻa ke ola o ke kanaka. Hiki i ka mea pāʻani ke koho i kahi wehe ʻaʻole no ka mea ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, akā, no kou makemake i kona ʻano. Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻae i kahi huki ma kahi kūlana lanakila no ka mea ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hoʻomaha ma mua o ka pilikia. ʻO kēia mau hoʻoholo, ʻike pinepine ʻole ʻia mai kahi hiʻohiʻona ʻenehana, ʻO lākou ka mea e hāʻawi hohonu i ka pāʻani. pākuʻi, ma na lima kanaka, lilo a moʻolelo, ma kahi moʻolelo me nā huaʻōlelo (nā ʻāpana), paio (hoouka a me na pale) a me kahi hopena, ʻoiai ua hoʻoholo ʻia e nā lula, loaʻa i nā manawa a pau kahi manaʻo.

ʻO kēia ʻāpana moʻolelo ka mea e hoʻohui ai i ka chess.. ʻAʻole ia he mea kuhi ka hoʻokūkū nui ʻana i nā tausani o nā mea nānā, ʻoiai ma waena o ka poʻe ʻike ʻole i nā lula. ʻAʻole hele wale ka poʻe e ʻike i ka mea lanakila; e ʻike ana ʻoe i kahi hana keaka kanaka, kahi e hiki ai i kēlā me kēia neʻe ke hoʻololi i ka hopena o ka pāʻani. ʻO nā mīkini, no ka nui o ka lakou helu ana, ʻAʻole hiki iā lākou ke hoʻopuka i kēlā manaʻo. He anu kāu pāʻani, hemolele, aka, uhane ole. A ʻo ia ka hemahema o ke kanaka - kā mākou mau hewa, ko makou kanalua, ʻO ko mākou hiki ke kāhāhā iā mākou iho - he aha ka mea hoihoi loa i ka chess.

Nā hopena: ka papa ma ke ʻano he aniani o ke kanaka

Ua ulu ka Chess me ke kanaka. Mai kona hoʻomaka ʻana ma India ma ke ʻano he pāʻani hoʻolālā koa i lilo i mea ʻano honua, ua ʻike i nā kipi ʻepekema, nā kaua a me nā holomua ʻenehana. Hoy, i ka makahiki o ka naauao hana, Me he mea lā ua nalowale kona ʻokoʻa ma ke ʻano he ʻāina kanaka. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o nā mīkini ma mua o mākou, Helu wikiwiki lākou a liʻiliʻi nā hewa. Akā, me ka pohihihi, ʻO ia ka mea ʻoi loa o ka ʻenehana e hōʻike ana i ka mea nui o ke kanaka e pili ana i ka chess..

ʻAʻole he pāʻani lula wale nō ka chess; He wahi ia e hōʻike ʻia ai ko mākou mau manaʻo, ko mākou noʻonoʻo a me ko mākou hiki ke hoʻopili me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe. Hiki i nā kamepiula ke lanakila i nā pāʻani, Akā ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke ʻike i ka hauʻoli o kahi mōhai i manaʻo ʻole ʻia, ʻaʻole hoʻi ka huhū o ka hewa hiki ke pale ʻia, ʻaʻole hoʻi ka ʻoluʻolu o ka lanakila i loaʻa me ke akamai. ʻAʻole hiki iā lākou ke hoʻomaopopo i ka chess ma ke ʻano he hoʻohālike no ke ola, kahi i loaʻa ai nā hopena i kēlā me kēia hoʻoholo a ma kahi o ke ala e like me ke koʻikoʻi e like me ka huakaʻi.

I kahi honua i hoʻonui nui ʻia e nā algorithms, Hoʻomanaʻo mai ʻo Chess iā mākou ʻaʻole i ana ʻia ka naʻauao ma nā bits a me nā helu. Ua ana ia ma na moolelo, i loko o ka makemake a me ka hiki ke loaʻa ka nani i ka hemahema. Hiki i nā mīkini ke lanakila ʻole, akā, ʻo ka chess nō kā mākou pāʻani no ka mea, i ka hopena, He hōʻailona ia o ka mea e hana ai kākou i ke kanaka: ka hiki ke moeuhane, e hana hewa a hana i kahi mea kū hoʻokahi i kēlā me kēia pāʻani. ʻo ia ke kumu, ʻoiai ke pāʻani nei nā kamepiula, ʻAʻole e pau ka Chess i ka pāʻani kanaka loa.