Ches na Burma: tunani da dabara a cikin gidajen ibada

A tsakiyar kudu maso gabashin Asiya, Burma (yau Myanmar) gida ne ga ɗayan mafi ban sha'awa kuma mafi ƙarancin binciken hadisai na Buddha Theravada: alakar da ke tsakanin sufaye mabiya addinin Buddah da fasahar dara, a cikin gida aka sani da sit-tu-yin o “duba lafiya”. Wannan tsohon wasan, fiye da sha'awa kawai, Ya zama kayan aikin tunani, horo na tunani da watsa al'adu a cikin gidajen ibada na Burma. Nisa daga zama aikin nishaɗi, Chess a cikin waɗannan wurare masu tsarki yana nuna ƙa'idodin falsafar addinin Buddha, ina hakuri, dabara da zurfafa tunani suna da alaƙa da rayuwar zuhudu. Ta wannan labarin, Za mu bincika yadda darasi ke haɗawa cikin ayyukan ruhaniya na sufaye, juyin halittarsa ​​na tarihi a Myanmar, gidajen zuhudu da ke kiyaye shi a matsayin gadon al'adu da kuma tasirin da wannan al'adar ke da shi ga al'ummar Burma ta zamani.. Zurfafa kallon wani fasaha wanda ya wuce allon don zama gada tsakanin duniya da na ruhaniya.

Ches na Burma: gadon tarihi tsakanin tsarkaka da dabaru

Chess a Myanmar ba wasa ba ne mai sauƙi, amma nunin tarihi da ruhin kasar. Asalinsa ya samo asali ne daga tasirin Indiya, ku a Chaturanga -magabacin dara dara na zamani-ya zo ta hanyoyin kasuwanci da al'adu waɗanda suka haɗa yankin ƙasa da kudu maso gabashin Asiya.. Duk da haka, a Burma, wasan ya samo asali ne ta hanyoyi na musamman, daidaita ga al'adun gida da samun kusan dabi'a na al'ada. A lokacin daular Konbaung (1752-1885), Chess an ƙarfafa shi azaman al'adar ƙwararru, wanda aka keɓe don masu daraja da malamai sufaye, wanda ya yi amfani da shi azaman kayan aiki don haɓaka hankali da hikima.

Abin da ya bambanta daran Burma da dara na yammacin Turai shine mayar da hankali a kai dabarun kwantar da hankali. Ba kamar chess mai sauri ko gasa ba, A Myanmar, ana jin daɗin ɗan dakatawar tunani, inda kowane motsi ya zama tunani a kansa. Wannan falsafar ta yi daidai da ka'idodin Buddha na hankali da detachment, juya kowane wasa zuwa motsa jiki na sanin kai. Sufaye, musamman, sun dauki wasan ba kawai a matsayin nishaɗi ba, amma a matsayin fadada ayyukan ku na ruhaniya, inda ba'a auna nasara a wajen dubawa, amma a cikin ikon kiyaye natsuwa yayin fuskantar bala'i.

Hoy, Wannan al’ada ta dore a gidajen zuhudu kamar su Mahagandhion a Amarapura ko da Shwenandaw Kyaung a Mandalay, inda matasa sufaye ke koyon wasa a karkashin kulawar malamansu. Hukumar, sassaƙa a cikin itacen teak ko ƙawata da abubuwan addini, Ya zama alamar haɗin kai tsakanin ƙazanta da tsarkaka, tuna cewa, a Burma, Ko da wasa na iya zama hanyar wayewa.

Gidan sufi a matsayin makarantar dara: horo da falsafa a cikin kowane motsi

A cikin gidajen ibada na Burma, Ba a koyar da chess a matsayin keɓewar fasaha, amma a matsayin wani bangare na horon zuhudu. Da novices, tun yana karami, ana gabatar da wasan a matsayin kayan aiki don haɓaka haƙuri, lura da tunani mai zurfi. Sabanin makarantun yamma, inda ake danganta dara da gasar, A Myanmar an nanata girman tunaninta. Kowane wasa darasi ne na rayuwa: Jirgin ya zama microcosm inda koyarwar da Dhamma, kamar rashin dawwama (kowane motsi yana canza ma'auni na wasan) da dogaro da juna (kowane yanki ya dogara da sauran don aikinsa).

Sufaye da suka fi ƙwararru suna aiki a matsayin masu ba da shawara, jagorantar matasa ba kawai a cikin dokokin wasan ba, amma a cikin tafsirinsa na falsafa. Misali, rasa yanki ba a ganin gazawa, amma a matsayin damar yin aiki detachment, daya daga cikin ginshikan addinin Buddah. Bayan haka, Ches yana shiga cikin ayyukan yau da kullun: bayan zuzzurfan tunani na safiya ko kafin abinci, Sufaye suna taruwa a cikin ma'ajin don yin wasanni a hankali, inda shiru kawai ya karye da sautin guntun itacen yana motsi. Wannan yanayi na taro na gama gari yana ƙarfafa ra'ayin cewa dara shine, na farko, a yi na samadhi (zurfin maida hankali).

Alamar alamar ita ce gidan sufi Shi ke nan a Mandalay, aka sani da “littafi mafi girma a duniya” domin ta marmara slabs tare da Buddhist texts. nan, sufaye suna shirya gasa na cikin gida inda kyautar ba ta zama ganima ba, amma damar yin karatu a karkashin kulawar malami mai daraja. Wannan yunƙurin yana nuna yadda ƙwanƙwasa ke ƙetare wasa don zama abin hawa don watsa ilimi da ƙima..

Chess a matsayin gadar al'adu: daga gidajen ibada zuwa al'ummar Burma

Kodayake Ches na Burma yana da tushensa a cikin gidajen ibada, Tasirinsa ya wuce bangon alfarma, mamaye shahararrun al'adu da asalin ƙasa. A kan titunan Yangon ko Bagan, Ya zama ruwan dare ganin tsofaffi suna wasa a wuraren shakatawa ko wuraren shakatawa, yayin da yara ke koyon ƙa'idodin asali a makarantu. Wannan yaduwar ya faru, mafi yawa, ga aikin sufaye, wadanda suka yi aiki a matsayin masu kula da wasan. A lokacin bukukuwa kamar Thingyan (Sabuwar Shekarar Burma), An shirya nune-nunen wasan chess inda sufaye da ’yan boko ke yin gasa a wasannin jama’a, tabbatar da cewa wasan kwaikwayo harshe ne na duniya wanda ya haɗa al'ummomi.

Duk da haka, Ches din Burma kuma yana fuskantar kalubale a wannan zamani. Ƙasashen Duniya ya gabatar da bambance-bambancen wasan cikin sauri da dijital, wanda ya bambanta da jinkirin al'adar Myanmar. Wasu gidajen ibada sun amsa ta hanyar daidaitawa: a ciki Shwe Yan Pyay Monastery shine Mikiya, Misali, Ana ba da tarurrukan bita ga matasa inda ake haɗa ƙwanƙwasa na gargajiya tare da dabarun tunani, neman kiyaye ainihin ruhinsa. Bayan haka, Gwamnatin Burma ta amince da darajar chess a al'adu, hada da shi a cikin shirye-shiryen ilimantarwa a matsayin wani bangare na gadon kasa.

Wannan alaƙa tsakanin tsarkaka da na duniya kuma tana bayyana a cikin fasaha. Zane-zanen bango a cikin temples kamar Ananda A Bagan sun nuna hotunan sufaye suna wasa dara, yayin da yake cikin adabin Burma, wasan ya bayyana a matsayin misali na rayuwa. Marubuta kamar Thakin Kodaw Hmaing sun yi amfani da dara a cikin ayyukansu don kwatanta tunanin Buddha, tabbatar da cewa alamarta ta wuce hukumar. Don haka, dara ya zama zaren gama-gari wanda ya haɗa al’amuran da suka gabata da na yanzu, na ruhaniya da na yau da kullum.

Makomar “duba lafiya”: kiyayewa da kalubale a cikin karni na 21st

A cikin duniya mai saurin tafiya, Al'adar chess ta Burma tana fuskantar ƙalubale na kiyaye dacewarta ba tare da rasa ainihin ta ba.. Dakunan ibada, sanin wannan kalubale, sun fara aiwatar da sabbin dabaru don jawo sabbin al'ummomi. Misali, a ciki Pa-Auk Monastery da Mawlamyin, An samar da kulake na Chess inda sufaye ke koyar da yara da masu yawon bude ido, hada koyarwar wasan tare da tattaunawa akan addinin Buddah. Wannan hanya ba kawai tana kiyaye al'ada ba, amma yana wadatar da shi ta hanyar buɗe shi ga jama'a na duniya.

Wani mahimmin al'amari shine dijital. Ko da yake chess na Burma yana tsayayya da saurin dandamali na kan layi, Wasu gidajen ibada sun haɓaka aikace-aikacen wayar hannu waɗanda ke kwaikwayi wasannin jinkiri, tare da jagororin tunani. Waɗannan kayan aikin suna neman yin kwafin ƙwarewar wasan kwaikwayo na gargajiya, daidaita shi zuwa halin mabukaci na yanzu. Duk da haka, muhawara ta ci gaba a tsakanin masu tsattsauran ra'ayi, wanda suke jayayya cewa jigon “duba lafiya” za a iya samun kwarewa a kan allo na jiki kawai, kewaye da shiru da yanayin gidan sufi.

Yawon shakatawa kuma yana taka muhimmiyar rawa. Myanmar, tare da haɓaka masana'antar balaguro, ya fara haɓaka chess na monastic a matsayin wani ɓangare na tayin al'adu. A cikin garuruwa kamar Mandalay, Ana ba da tarurrukan bita inda baƙi za su iya koyon yin wasa a ƙarƙashin ja-gorancin ɗan zuhudu, gogewar da ta wuce nishaɗi don zama saduwa da falsafar Buddha. Wannan hulɗar ba wai kawai tana samar da kuɗin shiga ga gidajen ibada ba, amma kuma yana haɓaka ƙarin godiya ga al'ada.

Duk da wannan kokarin, Makomar chess na Burma ya dogara da ikonta na daidaita sabbin abubuwa tare da sahihanci. Sufaye, a matsayin masu kula da wannan al'ada, Suna da aikin watsa ba kawai ka'idodin wasan ba, amma ruhinsa: ra'ayin cewa kowane motsi shine damar yin aiki da hankali. A cikin duniyar da ta damu da gaggawa, shi “duba lafiya” yana ba da madadin iko: yiwuwar samun nutsuwa a cikin rudani, da hikima a kowace shawara.

Burma, tare da wadataccen al'adunsa na ruhaniya da na al'adu, yana tunatar da mu cewa dara yana da yawa fiye da wasa. Yana da fasaha, falsafa da kuma, sama da duka, hanya zuwa nutsuwa. mabiya addinin Buddha, tare da hakurinsa marar iyaka da zurfin alakarsa da hukumar, Sun maida kowane wasa ya zama darasi na rayuwa, inda dabara ta haɗu da ruhi. a tsawon ƙarni, Wannan al'ada ta tsira daga yaƙe-yaƙe, mulkin mallaka da sauye-sauyen zamantakewa, yana nuna ikonsa na daidaitawa ba tare da rasa ainihin sa ba.

Hoy, shi “duba lafiya” fuskanci sabbin kalubale, amma kuma sabon damar. zaman duniya, nesa da zama barazana, zai iya zama abokin tarayya idan aka yi amfani da shi don yada dabi'un da wannan wasan ya ƙunshi: tunani, girmamawa da neman daidaito. Burma gidajen ibada, da hikimar kakansa, suna da yuwuwar zaburar da tsararraki cewa, fiye da kowane lokaci, kuna buƙatar kayan aiki don kewaya sarkar duniyar zamani.

Ga matafiyi, masani ko mai son sani kawai, Burma Ches yana ba da taga na musamman a cikin al'adun Myanmar. Ba wai kawai koyon motsi ba ne, amma don fahimtar yadda wasa zai iya zama madubin tunanin ɗan adam. A kowane wasa, a cikin kowane dakatawar tunani, yana bugun zuciyar al'adar da ta yi nasarar ci gaba da rayuwa cikin ƙarni. kuma watakila, a cikin wannan shiru tsakanin motsi, mu nemo darasi wanda ya ketare iyaka: cewa nasara ta gaskiya ba ita ce kayar da abokin hamayya ba, amma wajen cin nasara kan namu zaman lafiya.