Izimfihlo ze-Chess ezimbalwa ezihlakaniphile

I-Chess ngumdlalo wakudala othathe izigidi zabantu emhlabeni jikelele.. Nakuba imithetho eyisisekelo yaziwa abaningi, akhona amasu, Amaqhinga nezimiso ezifihliwe abadlali abathuthuke kakhulu kuphela abaziphethe. Ikona “imithetho eyimfihlo” Aziveli ezincwadini zendabuko, kodwa bangenza umehluko phakathi komdlalo omaphakathi nokunqoba okukhaliphile. Kusukela emiqondweni engokwengqondo ukuya ekuvulekeni okungajwayelekile, ukudlula emaphutheni ajwayelekile enziwa ngisho nothisha abakhulu, Lesi sihloko sihlola lolo lwazi olungavamile ukwabiwa. Uma ucabanga ukuthi i-chess imane inyakazisa izingcezu ebhodini, Lungela ukuthola indawo yonke yama-nuances azoguqula indlela odlala ngayo.

Amandla esayikholoji ebhodini

I-Chess akuwona nje umdlalo we-logic, kodwa futhi nengqondo. Abadlali abaningi bawubukela phansi umthelela we-psychology emidlalweni yabo, Kodwa othisha abakhulu bayazi ukuthi ukulawula imizwelo kanye nokukhohlisa imibono yomphikisi kunganquma njengomnyakazo wesu.. Okukodwa kwe “imithetho eyimfihlo” ngempumelelo kakhulu i umphumela wokumangala. Dlala ukuvulwa okungajwayelekile, njenge Ukuzivikela kweScandinavia o kwe I-Apertura Bird, ingathunaza isitha esijwayele imigqa emikhulu. Lokhu akuphoqi nje ukuthi ucabange kusukela ekuqaleni, kodwa futhi iphakamisa ukungabaza ngokulungiselela kwabo.

Elinye iqhinga elingokwengqondo liwukuthi ijubane lokudlala. Ukushintsha ngamabomu isikhathi esisithathayo ukunyakaza kungaba nomthelela ukuzethemba komphikisi wakho.. Ngokwesibonelo, Ukuphendula ngokushesha ezikhundleni eziyinkimbinkimbi kungenza ophikisana nawe akholwe ukuthi uyazethemba ngenzuzo yakho., noma kungenjalo. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ukuthatha isikhathi esiningi kunokuvamile ukunyakaza okulula kungadala ukungaqiniseki. Nokho, Le ndlela kufanele isetshenziswe ngokuqapha., njengoba ukunensa okweqile kungaveza ukungavikeleki.

Ekugcineni, yena ulimi lomzimba idlala indima ebalulekile. Ukugwema ukubonisa ukukhungatheka lapho ubhekene nephutha noma ukuhlala ukhululekile kungase kudlulisele umuzwa ongamanga wokuziphakamisa.. abanye abadlali, njengalowo owayengumpetha womhlaba UVladimir Kramnik, Babengompetha ekufihleni imizwa yabo, obekubavumela ukuthi baqhubeke nengcindezi ezimbangini zabo ngisho besezikhundleni ezilinganayo.

Izimbobo eziphula isikhunta

Abadlali abaningi bafunda ukuvuleka kwakudala njenge Ruy Lopez o kwe I-Sicilian Defense, kodwa kunemigqa ehloliwe kancane engasebenza ngendlela efanayo, uma kungenjalo. Lezi zikhala “imfihlo” Abamane bamangale imbangi, kodwa futhi zingaholela ezikhundleni lapho ophikisana naye ezizwa engakhululekile. Enye yazo yi- I-Apertura Grob (1.g4), kucatshangelwa abaningi njenge “fea” noma akulungile. Nokho, abadlali like Hikaru Nakamura Bayisebenzise emidlalweni esheshayo ukuthunaza izimbangi zabo, okufakazela ukuthi ukusebenza kwayo kulele kokungalindelekile.

Okunye ukuvulwa okungajwayelekile yi- Owen Defense (1.e4 b6), olungisa i-fianchetto evela kumbhishobhi wendlovukazi. Nakuba ingaqinile njengezinye izivikelo, Ukungatholakali kwayo kuyenza ibe yingozi ezandleni zomdlali onobuchule. Inhloso akukona ukunqoba umdlalo ekuqaleni, kodwa ukufinyelela kumdlalo ophakathi nendawo lapho isitha singajwayelene nesakhiwo se-pawn esiwumphumela. Lokhu kuphoqa ophikisana naye ukuthi azicabangele yena esikhundleni sokuncika kumbono..

Icala elithakazelisayo yilelo Apertura Sokolsky (1.b4), obeye aziwe njengo “Ukuvula i-Orangutan”. Nakuba ingenamandla ngokwethiyori, Inani layo lisemandleni evumelana nezimo elikunikezayo. I-pawn ku-b4 ingakwazi ukusekela ukuqhubeka phambili ku-c5 noma i-d4, futhi umbhishobhi wendlovukazi angakhula ngokushesha abe b2, ukubeka ingcindezi phakathi nendawo. Abadlali bayathanda URichard Umbiko Basebenzise lokhu kuvulwa ukuze baphume endleleni eshayiwe futhi bakhiqize izikhundla eziguqukayo kusukela ekuqaleni.

Amaphutha Awenza Ngisho Nothisha

Ngisho nothisha abakhulu bayawenza amaphutha, kodwa okuhlukanisa okuhle kakhulu yikhono lazo lokuzinciphisa. Elinye lamaphutha avame kakhulu ukweqisa kwethemba. Ezikhundleni ezilinganiselwe, abadlali abaningi bafuna ukwenza umdlalo ube nzima esikhundleni sokuxazulula i-draw. Lokhu kungaholela ekuzinikeleni okungadingekile noma ukuziba izinsongo zezimbangi.. Isibonelo sakudala umdlalo phakathi Magnus Carlsen y Viswanathan Anand kuWorld Championship 2014, lapho anand, endaweni elinganayo, wazama ukunqoba ngenkani wagcina ehluliwe.

Elinye iphutha elivamile ukuhlaziya okukha phezulu. Ku-chess yesimanje, lapho isikhathi sinqunyelwe khona, abadlali abaningi bathembele ekwazisweni kwabo esikhundleni sokubala okuhlukile okujulile. Lokhu kungaba yingozi, ikakhulukazi ezikhundleni zamaqhinga. Icala elidumile yileli Garry Kasparov emdlalweni wakhe ngokumelene Okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka phakathi 1997, lapho abukela phansi ukwahluka kweqhinga nezinto ezilahlekile. Isifundo sicacile: Ngisho nabangcono kakhulu kufanele bahlole izibalo zabo, ikakhulukazi ezikhundleni ezibucayi.

Ekugcineni, yena isiqinisekiso sokukhetha Kuyinkinga engokwengqondo ethinta abadlali bawo wonke amazinga. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho umdlali ethatheka ngombono futhi ebheka iminyakazo eqinisekisa lokho kuphela., ukuziba ezinye izindlela ezingcono. Ngokwesibonelo, Uma umdlali ekholelwa ukuthi une-positional advantage, angaziba ukuhlasela komphikisi. Ukuze ugweme lokhu, Kubalulekile ukugcina umqondo ovulekile futhi ucabangele zonke izinketho, ngisho nalezo ezibonakala ziphambene neqhinga lokuqala.

Ubuciko be-prophylaxis: cabanga njengembangi

Elinye lamakhono athuthuke kakhulu ku-chess i-prophylaxis, umqondo owethulwa umpetha omkhulu Aaron Nimzowitsch encwadini yakhe Kuyangilungisa. I-Prophylaxis ihlanganisa ukulindela izinhlelo zezimbangi nokuzinciphisa ngaphambi kokuba zenzeke.. Lokhu kudlula ukumane uphendule umnyakazo wesitha.; Kuhilela ukuqonda izinhloso zakho nokwenza ngokufanele. Ngokwesibonelo, uma umphikisi elungiselela ukuhlasela enkosini, umdlali we-prophylactic angase aqinise leyo ndawo noma aqalise ukuhlasela ku-queenside ukuze aphambukise ukunaka kwakhe.

Isibonelo esisebenzayo se-prophylaxis ukuhamba phakathi Anatoly Karpov y Garry Kasparov kuWorld Championship 1985. Karpov, owaziwa ngesitayela sakhe se-prophylactic, ulindele izinhlelo zikaKasparov futhi wavimba intuthuko yakhe ngaphambi kokuthi athuthuke. Lokhu akuzange kumvumele ukuthi agcine ukulawula umdlalo, kodwa futhi ekhungathekile uKasparov, ongakwazanga ukuthola indlela ecacile eya enzuzweni.

Ukuze usebenzise i-prophylaxis, Kubalulekile ukuthuthukisa umbono we-peripheral ebhodini. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ungagxili nje ezincekwini ngokwazo, kodwa nakulezo zembangi. Elokhu ezibuza “yini ehlelwa yimbangi yami?” y “ngingakugwema kanjani?” ingenza umehluko emidlalweni yezinga eliphezulu. Ngaphandle kwalokho, i-prophylaxis ayigcini ekuzivikeleni; ingasetshenziswa futhi ukulungiselela ukuhlasela. Ngokwesibonelo, uma umphikisi esezokwethula isenzo esihlaselayo, umdlali we-prophylactic angase enze buthaka isakhiwo sakhe se-pawn ukuze adale izinhloso zokuhlasela zesikhathi esizayo.

Iziphetho: ngale kwemithetho eyisisekelo

I-Chess ngumdlalo wezendlalelo ezingapheli, lapho imithetho eyisisekelo iyisiqalo nje. Amasu angokwengqondo, ukuvuleka okungajwayelekile, Ikhono lokugwema amaphutha kanye nokwenza kahle kwe-prophylaxis kungamathuluzi ahlukanisa abadlali abamaphakathi nabakhethekile ngempela.. Ikona “imithetho eyimfihlo” Akuwona amafomula omlingo, kodwa izimiso ezidinga ukuzijwayeza, ukuhlaziya kanye nengqondo evulekile okufanele yenziwe kahle.

I-Psychology ku-chess ibonisa ukuthi umdlalo awukhawulelwe ezicucu nasebhodini, kodwa futhi kuhilela ingqondo yomuntu. Ukumangaza isitha sakho ngokuvuleka okungajwayelekile noma ukulawula ijubane legeyimu kungasebenza njengokuzinikela okuhlakaniphile.. Ngokolunye uhlangothi, gwema amaphutha avamile, njengokuthembela ngokweqile noma ukuchema kokuqinisekisa, Kubalulekile ukugcina inzuzo emidlalweni ebalulekile.

Ekugcineni, I-Prophylaxis mhlawumbe umqondo othuthuke kakhulu futhi ongaqondakali kakhulu ku-chess. Ukucabanga njengomphikisi wakho futhi ulindele ukunyakaza kwabo akuthuthukisi ukuzivikela kuphela, kodwa futhi ivula amathuba amasha okuhlasela. Ngokuhlanganisa lezi zimiso kugeyimu yakho, ngeke nje uthuthukise imiphumela yakho, kodwa futhi uzothuthukisa ukuqonda okujulile kwe-chess njengobuciko nesayensi.

I-Chess uhambo olungapheli, futhi wonke umdlalo uyithuba lokufunda okuthile okusha. Imithetho eyimfihlo esiyihlolisisile ayisona isinqamuleli sokunqoba, kodwa amathuluzi okucebisa ulwazi lwakho nokuyisa umdlalo wakho ezingeni elilandelayo. Ngakho ngokuzayo uhlala phambi kwebhodi, khumbula: i-chess yangempela iqala lapho imithetho eyisisekelo iphela khona.