Umjikelezo 30 min ukuthuthukisa i-chess yakho ngesayensi

I-Chess akuwona nje umdlalo wamakhosi, kodwa inkundla yempi lapho inkumbulo nokufunda kuhlangana khona emdansweni wamasu. konke ukunyakaza, okuhlukile ngakunye kubaliwe, Kungumphumela wamahora okuqeqeshwa kwengqondo, lapho ukuphindaphinda nokuqonda okujulile kuguqula amaphethini abe ngumzwelo wemvelo. Kodwa, ukuguqula kanjani lezo 30 imizuzu nsuku zonke ngesinyathelo esibheke ezingeni elilandelayo? Impendulo ayikho ngobuningi, kodwa ngekhwalithi yomzuzwana ngamunye otshaliwe. Lapha, Isayensi yokuqonda kanye nolwazi lwezingcweti ezinkulu kuqondisa ukuze kwembule indlela engenaphutha: umjikelezo ongagcini nje ngokuthuthukisa igeyimu yakho, kodwa lungisa kabusha ingqondo yakho.

Inkumbulo njengensika: ngaphezu kokuvula ngekhanda

I-Chess idinga inkumbulo ekhethiwe, kodwa hhayi ngomqondo wendabuko. Akukhona mayelana nokuqongelela izintuba njengomuntu oqoqa izitembu, kodwa ukwenza amaphethini asebenze ngaphakathi inkumbulo inqubo, lokho okuguqula ulwazi lube isenzo esizenzakalelayo. Ucwaningo oluvela eNyuvesi yaseCalifornia lubonise ukuthi abadlali abangochwepheshe abazikhumbuli izikhundla ezingahleliwe kangcono kunabaqalayo, kodwa bayazazi izakhiwo ezijwayelekile cishe ngokunemba kwezithombe. Lokhu kuchaza ukuthi kungani uMagnus Carlsen, emdlalweni wakhe no-Anish Giri kuCandidates Tournament 2024, wadela i-rook endaweni ebonakala ilingana: ayizange ibale zonke izinhlobo, kodwa kuqashelwe iphethini yokuhlasela engangiyibone emidlalweni eminyakeni edlule 30.

Ukuqeqesha leli khono, nikela eyokuqala 10 imizuzu yendlela yakho yokuxazulula izivivinyo iqhinga ngokugxila okuthile: ungabheki isixazululo esisheshayo, kodwa ukhomba isisusa samaqhinga esiwumsuka (ebethelwe ngezipikili, ukuchezuka, ukuhlasela kabili). Amapulatifomu afana ne-Lichess noma i-Chess.com anikeza amamojula okuqeqesha ahlukanisa lawa maphethini, kodwa ukufunda kwangempela kwenzeka uma ibala isizathu ngokuzwakalayo ngaphambi kokunyakaza. Lesi senzo esincane sichaza inqubo yengqondo, ukuqinisa ukuxhumana phakathi kwenkumbulo ebonwayo nehlaziyayo. Uma ufuna ukujula ekutheni ogogo babala kanjani okuhlukile, lesi sihloko mayelana chess kanye nenkumbulo wephula amasu athuthukile.

Ukulawula isikhungo: yena 80% impumelelo yakho ku 5 imizuzu

Isikhungo sebhodi yinhliziyo ye-chess, kodwa isizinda sakhe asigcini nje ngokuthatha izikwele ngamapawn. Kumayelana nokuqonda ukuthi ucezu ngalunye luhlangana kanjani naleyo ndawo yokuhlala.. Iphutha elivamile ukukholelwa ukuthi ukulawula isikhungo kusho ukuba nezidladla ku-e4 naku-d4.; Empeleni, kungumbuzo othi ithonya. Ngokwesibonelo, eSicilian Defense, UBlack uyeka isikhungo ukuze athole amandla emaceleni, ukukhombisa ukuthi ukulawula kuhlobene futhi kuncike ohlelweni lwesu.

esimisweni sakho, uyabela 5 imizuzu yokuhlaziya imidlalo yakudala lapho isikhungo bekuyisici esinqumayo. Okufanayo I-Capablanca vs. I-Tartakower (I-New York 1924) o I-Karpov vs. Kasparov (Sevilla 1987) Amalabhorethri aphelele. Bheka ukuthi izingcezu zimi kanjani ukuze zingahlali, kodwa ngoba umkhawulo ongakhetha imbangi. Ukuvivinya umzimba okungokoqobo: thatha imbobo ojwayele ukuyidlala futhi, esikhundleni sokulandela ithiyori, buza: “Ngingayikhawulela kanjani isikhungo sombangi wami ngaphandle kokuphazamisa izingcezu zami?”. Le ndlela, okuningiliziwe ku ukulawula isikhungo, Kuyisisekelo sokuvuleka okuqinile nokukhumbulekayo.

Ukuhlaziywa kwesidumbu: lapho kwenziwa khona ompetha

Los 15 imizuzu esele yesimiso sakho kufanele inikezelwe ekuhlaziyeni imidlalo yakho, kodwa hhayi nangayiphi indlela. Ukuhlaziya okukha phezulu”lapha ngilahlekelwe i-pawn”- akulona usizo. esikhundleni salokho, isebenzisa indlela ye ezintathu kungani, indlela esetshenziswa abaqeqeshi abasezingeni eliphezulu njengoMark Dvoretsky. Kuwo wonke amaphutha, zibuze: Kungani ngenze lokho??, Iyiphi enye indlela engangiba nayo??, y Iyiphi iphethini okufanele ngiyikhumbule ukuze ngiyigweme esikhathini esizayo??. Le nqubo iguqula iphutha libe yisifundo esihlelekile.

Isibonelo esembulayo: emdlalweni wakhe ne-Deep Blue, UGarry Kasparov wenze iphutha elibucayi emdlalweni wesibili ngokudlala ama-36…Yini3, evumela umshini ukuthi umehlule. Ekuhlaziyeni kwakhe kamuva, U-Kasparov akagcinanga nje ngokuhlonza iphutha leqhinga, kodwa waqaphela ukwehluleka kwengqondo: ithathelwe phansi ikhono le-AI lokubala okuhlukile okuphoqiwe. Leli zinga lokuzihlola yilo elihlukanisa abadlali bamageyimu abavamile kochwepheshe.. Ukuze kahle le nqubo, hlola lokhu isiqondiso esiwusizo mayelana nokuhlaziywa kwegeyimu.

I-psychology yokuqeqeshwa: gwema amaphutha abambezela intuthuko yakho

Yena 90% yabadlali abashiya isimiso sabo sokuqeqesha esikhathini esingaphansi kwezinyanga ezintathu, hhayi ngenxa yokuswela isikhathi, kodwa ngenxa yokukhungatheka. Isihluthulelo sokulondoloza ukungaguquguquki sisezimisweni ezimbili: intuthuko encane y ukugujwa kwamaphutha. I-Microprogress ihlanganisa ukuhlukanisa ukufunda kube amayunithi amancane kangangokuthi ukwehluleka akunakwenzeka.. Ngokwesibonelo, esikhundleni sokuphakamisa “funda iSicilian Defense”, gxila ekwenzeni ukwahluka okukodwa (njengodrako) isonto lonke, ukuhlaziya imidlalo emithathu kuphela yamamodeli.

Gubha amaphutha, Ngokolunye uhlangothi, Kungumqondo ophikisayo kodwa osekelwa isayikholoji yengqondo. Ucwaningo lwaseStanford University lwathola ukuthi abafundi ababhala phansi amaphutha abo futhi bawabuyekeze ngezikhathi ezithile bathuthukisa a 29% ngaphezu kwalabo abafunde izimpendulo ezifanele kuphela. ku-chess, Lokhu kusho ukuthwala a “idayari yephutha” lapho ungaqophi kuphela lokho ohlulekile, sino ufundeni. Le ndlela, ihlaziywe ngokujulile 10 amaphutha enkumbulo, Kungumehluko phakathi kokuma nokuya phambili..

Umjikelezo osebenzayo: isibonelo esisebenzayo

• Amaminithi 0-10: Xazulula 5 izinkinga zamasu, ekhomba isizathu ngasinye (isibonelo: “Lokhu ukuhlasela kabili ngombhoshongo”).
• Amaminithi 10-15: Hlaziya igeyimu yakudala egxile ekulawuleni isikhungo (isibonelo: UFischer vs. Spassky, 1972).
• Amaminithi 15-25: Dlala umdlalo osheshayo ku-inthanethi (10+0) bese ubhala iminyakazo yakho emithathu ebuthaka kakhulu.
• Amaminithi 25-30: Buyekeza lokho kunyakaza usebenzisa indlela ye-whys emithathu, bese ubheka umdlalo oyimodeli okhombisa umnyakazo olungile.

Lesi sakhiwo asigcini nje ngokwandisa isikhathi, kodwa yenza kusebenze izindawo eziningi zobuchopho: inkumbulo yenqubo (iqhinga), amasu (ukulawula isikhungo), kanye ne-metacognition (ukuhlaziya iphutha).

I-Chess iyisibuko somqondo: veza amandla akho, kodwa futhi nemibono yakho. Umkhuba we 30 imizuzu ngeke ikwenze uthisha omkhulu ngobusuku obubodwa, kodwa yebo kumdlali oqondayo ukuthi umdlalo ngamunye uyithuba lokucwengisa ukucabanga kwakhe. inkumbulo, kulo mongo, Akuyona indawo yokugcina idatha, kodwa umsipha oqina ngephethini ngayinye eyaziwayo, iphutha ngalinye lihlaziywe, isikhungo ngasinye silawulwa. Njengoba uCapablanca esho: “I-Chess ingaphezu nje komdlalo; Kuwukuphambukisa kobuhlakani okunobuciko obuthile nesayensi eningi”. kanye nesayensi, hoy, usitshela lokho 30 imizuzu ngosuku yanele ukuguqula lokho kujabulisa kube ubuciko.