I-Chess e-Marshall Islands: kusukela ekuhlukumezekeni kwenuzi kuya esu lokuphulukisa

OLwandlekazini olukhulu lwePacific, las Iziqhingi zaseMarshall Banomlando ophawulwa ukuhlukumezeka kwe-athomu. Phakathi 1946 y 1958, I-United States yenziwe 67 izivivinyo zenuzi kuleli qoqo leziqhingi, ukushiya imiphumela yomzimba, ezemvelo kanye nezengqondo ezakhamuzini zakhona. Nokho, Phakathi kwalelifa lokubhujiswa, kuye kwavela uhlobo olungalindelekile lokumelana nokuphulukiswa: yena i-chess. Lo mdlalo wasendulo, yethulwa ngesikhathi sokubusa kweMelika, isibe ulimi olungokomfanekiso lokubhekana nobuhlungu obuhlangene. Ngokusebenzisa amasu ayo ukunyakaza, abantu baseziqhingini bakhuluma ngenkumbulo, ukuqina kanye nokufuna ubulungisa. Lenza kanjani ibhodi 64 I-Casillas ingaba ibhuloho phakathi kwesikhathi esidlule nesamanje? Lena indaba yabantu abaguqula ukuthula kube ukunyakaza, kanye nokuhlukumezeka kumasu.

Ifa lemisebe: lapho ipharadesi liba indawo yokuvivinywa

Iziqhingi zaseMarshall, iqoqo leziqhingi ze 29 ama-atolls nokunye 1.000 iziqhingi, Kwaphela amakhulu eminyaka beyipharadesi lezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo namasiko okhokho. Nokho, Isiphetho sawo sashintsha kakhulu ngemva kweMpi Yezwe II, Lapho i-United States ibahlanganisa ku- I-Trust Territory ye-Pacific Islands. Phakathi 1946 y 1958, uhulumeni wase-US wenza 67 ukuqhunyiswa kwezikhali zenuzi e-Bikini nase-Enewetak, ama-atoll amabili athinteke kakhulu. Okulimaza kakhulu, ukuhlolwa Inqaba Bravo phakathi 1954, wadedela ukuqhuma 1.000 izikhathi ezinamandla kunebhomu laseHiroshima, ungangcolisi umhlabathi nolwandle kuphela, kodwa nasemiphakathini eseduze.

Imiphumela yaba ngokushesha futhi yayilimaza.. Bonke abantu baxoshwa, Amasiko endabuko aphuka futhi izifo ezinjengomdlavuza kanye nokukhubazeka kokuzalwa kwanda kakhulu.. Izifundo zakamuva, njengalezo ezenziwe ngu Columbia University, baye baqinisekisa ukuthi ezinye iziqhingi zisabhalisa amazinga emisebe angaphezu kwalawo aseChernobyl. Kodwa ngaphandle kwedatha yesayensi, ukuhlukumezeka kwagxila enkumbulweni ehlangene. Izizukulwane ezalandela zakhula zizwa izindaba zamalungu omkhaya avele agula noma umhlaba owawungasenakulinywa.. Ukuthula kwabekwa njengendlela yokusinda, kodwa futhi njengesilonda esivulekile.

Kulo mongo, I-Chess yeza njengenye ifa lomsebenzi waseMelika. Yethulwa ngamasosha nezithunywa zevangeli, umdlalo waduma ngokushesha, kodwa hhayi njengendlela yokuzilibazisa elula. Kwabaseziqhingini, Umdlalo ngamunye ube yisingathekiso sokulwela ukulawula, isu nokuphila ezweni elalithathwe kubo.

I-Chess njengolimi: lapho izingcezu zikhuluma ngobuhlungu

Eziqhingini zaseMarshall, i-chess idlula isimo sayo njengomdlalo ukuze ube a ikhodi yamasiko. konke ukunyakaza, wonke umhlatshelo wesiqephu, uthola incazelo ejulile esimweni lapho igama eliqondile livame ukuhluleka khona. Asebekhulile, ababephila ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwezikhali zenuzi, Basebenzisa ibhodi ukudlulisela izimfundiso ezizukulwaneni ezintsha ngaphandle kokusho amazwi asabekayo. Ngokwesibonelo, ukulahlekelwa isisebenzi kungase kufanekisele umhlatshelo womphakathi osusiwe, kuyilapho i-checkmate imelela ukungenzeki kokubalekela ifa lemisebe.

Icala eliyizifanekiselo yileso sika Lijon Eknilang, isishoshovu saseMarshall esike sasebenzisa i-chess ezingqungqutheleni zokucobelelana ngolwazi ukuze sibhekane nokuhlukunyezwa kwesizukulwane. Ezimisweni zakho, abahlanganyeli bahlaziya imidlalo yomlando, njenge Ukungafi kuka-Anderssen, lapho umhlatshelo wezingcezu eziyisihluthulelo uholela ekunqobeni. Kwabaseziqhingini, Lokhu okuguquguqukayo kukhombisa owayo umlando: ukuthi umhlatshelo wemihlaba yakhe nempilo yakhe wethulwa kanjani njenge “ububi obudingekayo” ngokuphepha komhlaba wonke. “I-Chess isifundisa ukuthi konke ukunyakaza kunemiphumela”, kuchaza u-Eknilang. “Nathi sibe yizicucu emdlalweni ebesingawuqondi”.

Ngaphandle kwalokho, igeyimu isebenzele ukwakha kabusha ubunikazi beqoqo. Eqenjini leziqhingi lapho amasiko amaningi omlomo alahleka ngenxa yokuxoshwa ngenkani, chess isiphenduke a umkhuba omusha. Imiqhudelwano yasekhaya, njengaye Umqhudelwano ka-Ajedrez de Majuro, Abagcini ngokuvuza ikhono lamasu, kodwa futhi ziyizindawo zokwabelana ngezindaba. Abadlali abancane kunabo bonke, abangazange babhekane novivinyo lwenuzi, Bafunda ngedlule labo ngama-anecdotes avela phakathi kwemidlalo. Ngakho, ibhodi liba inqolobane yenkumbulo ephilayo.

Amasu okumelana: i-chess njengethuluzi lepolitiki

I-Chess e-Marshall Islands ayiyona nje indlela yokucubungula ukuhlukumezeka, kodwa futhi a ithuluzi lokumelana nepolitiki. Kusukela eminyakeni eyishumi ka 1980, Uhulumeni waseMarshall uye walwela isinxephezelo esifanele sokuhlolwa kwezikhali zenuzi, bebhekene nesimiso somthetho esinciphise ukuhlupheka kwabo. Kulesi simo, Umdlalo usetshenziswe njengesingathekiso emikhankasweni yokuqwashisa amazwe ngamazwe. Ngokwesibonelo, phakathi 2014, owayengumongameli wangalesosikhathi UChristopher Loeak Uqhathanise izingxoxo ne-United States nomdlalo we-chess: “Basinika imvuthuluka, sengathi singama-pawn anganikelwa. Kodwa thina siyinkosi, futhi ngeke siphele amandla”.

Lezi zinkulumo zibe nomthelela omkhulu emphakathini waseMarshall.. Izinhlangano ezifana REACH-MI (I-Marshall Islands Education and Health Action Network) bafake i-chess ezinhlelweni zabo zokuthuthukisa intsha. Ngemihlangano yokucobelelana ngolwazi, fundisa abantu abasha ukucabanga ngamasu, hhayi kuphela ebhodini, kodwa empilweni. “I-Chess isifundisa ukulindela ukunyakaza, ukungaphenduli ngokuxhamazela”, phawula Jorelik Tibon, umfundi wesikole samabanga aphezulu obambe iqhaza kolunye lwalezi zinhlelo. “Yilokho esikudingayo ukubhekana nohulumeni abangasinaki”.

Ngisho nasemkhakheni wediplomatic, i-chess idlale indima ebalulekile. Ku 2019, ngesikhathi somhlangano we I-UN General Assembly, ummeleli we-marshallian Amata Kabua Wayephethe ibhodi le-chess njengophawu lomzabalazo wabantu bakhe. “IMelika yahambisa izingcezu zethu ngaphandle kokusibuza”, kumenyezelwe. “Manje sekuyithuba lethu lokudlala”. Lesi senzo, ngokusobala elula, yathintana nomphakathi wamazwe ngamazwe futhi yagqamisa ukuthi umdlalo ungaba kanjani isenzo sokubhikisha esinokuthula kodwa esinamandla.

Ikusasa lebhodi: ukuphulukiswa nethemba ku 64 ama-casillas

naphezu kobuhlungu, Iziqhingi zaseMarshall zibheke phambili ngenhlanganisela yokuzimisela nokudala. i-chess, lokho kwake kwaba yifa lomsebenzi, iguqulwe yaba a uphawu lokuqina. Hoy, Iqoqo leziqhingi linomphakathi okhulayo wabadlali, kuhlanganisa nentsha engenele imiqhudelwano yamazwe ngamazwe. Ku 2022, AmaMarshall I-Rellong Wardrobe Ube ngumdlali wokuqala ovela ezweni lakhe ukubamba iqhaza kulo mdlalo I-World Youth Chess Championship, ingqophamlando eyakhuthaza abaningi.

Kodwa ngaphandle komncintiswano, i-chess iyaqhubeka nokuba yindawo yokwelapha. Eziqhingini ezifana Rongelap, lapho imisebe iphoqelele bonke abantu ukuba baphume 1954, Izakhamuzi ezimbalwa ezibuyile zihlela imidlalo yomphakathi njengesenzo sokuqinisekisa kabusha. “Njalo uma sihambisa ucezu, sithi: sisekhona”, kuchaza Nerijio Joseph, ikhehla elabuyela ezweni lakubo ngemva kwamashumi eminyaka lidingisiwe. Le midlalo, evame ukuhambisana namaculo esintu, Ziyisikhumbuzo sokuthi isiko lamaMarshall alizange lisulwe, kodwa wazivumelanisa nezimo.

Ngisho nasemkhakheni wezemfundo, i-chess isithole indawo yayo. Izikole ezifana Isikole samabanga aphezulu saseMarshall Islands bawufakile umdlalo ohlelweni lwezifundo zabo, hhayi nje njengethuluzi lokufundisa, kodwa njengengxenye yohlelo lwe imfundo yomlando. Abafundi bafunda mayelana nokuhlolwa kwe-nuclear ngenkathi behlaziya imidlalo, ukusungula ukuxhumana phakathi kwesu lezempi nemiphumela yabantu. “Asifuni izingane zethu ziphinde amaphutha esikhathi esedlule.”, ukhomba I-Darlene Cheese, uthisha ohola le phrojekthi. “I-Chess ibafundisa ukucabanga ngaphambi kokwenza okuthile”.

Ikusasa le-chess eMarshall Islands linjalo, ngezindlela eziningi, umfanekiso wekusasa leqoqo leziqhingi: engaqinisekile, kodwa egcwele amathuba. Njengoba ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kusongela ukucwilisa amazwe abo kanye nokuwa kwezikhali zenuzi kuqhubeka, Abantu baseziqhingini bathole indlela yokwenza kulo mdlalo buyisela emuva ukulawula. Yonke imidlalo iyisenzo sokumelana, Njalo umnyakazo isimemezelo sokuthi indaba yakho ngeke ilibaleke.

Iziphetho: lapho i-chess iba inkumbulo

Iziqhingi zaseMarshall ziyisikhumbuzo sokuthi ukuhlukumezeka akupheli, kodwa ingaguqulwa. Eqenjini leziqhingi lapho umlando ulotshwe ngabanye, chess isiphenduke a ulimi lwakho, indlela yokuqamba amagama angenakuqanjwa. Ngeyakhe 64 ama-casillas, Izakhamuzi zaseziqhingini ziye zathola indlela yokuxoxisana nomlando wazo, ukufundisa izizukulwane ezintsha nokubanga indawo yazo emhlabeni. Akuwona nje umdlalo, kodwa kwe isu lokusinda.

Udaba lwase-Marshall Islands luphinde lusimeme ukuthi sicabange ukuthi imiphakathi ethintwa udlame olungokomlando ithola kanjani izindlela zokudala zokuphulukisa.. i-chess, nengxube yayo yengqondo nezimpawu, inikeza imodeli yokubhekana nobuhlungu ngaphandle kokuwela ekuhlukunyezweni. Izakhamuzi zaseziqhingini azizivezi njengezisulu nje, kodwa njengabasomaqhinga abafunde ukuhambisa izingcezu zabo ebhodini elingalingani. Lo mbono uyisihluthulelo sokuqonda ukuthi ukuqina akukhona nje ukumelana., kodwa futhi ukusungulwa kabusha.

Ekugcineni, Umlando we-chess eMarshall Islands usishiya nombuzo ongakhululekile: Mingaki eminye imiphakathi emhlabeni ethole izindlela ezifanayo zokucubungula usizi lwayo?? Mhlawumbe impendulo ilele ekubhekeni ngale kwezinkulumo zendabuko nokunaka izilimi ezithule., njengebhodi le-chess. Kungani, ekupheleni, inkumbulo ayibhalwa ngamagama njalo. Ngezinye izikhathi, kuyadlalwa.