I-Ebony Chess eGuinea: kuze, isiko kanye nefa lamasiko

Enkabeni yeNtshonalanga Afrika, lapho isiko nobuciko buhlangana ngobuciko, IGuinea ivela njengereferensi kubuciko bokuqoshwa kwe-ebony. Phakathi kokubonakaliswa kwayo okuthakazelisa kakhulu i-chess., hhayi kuphela njengomdlalo wamasu, kodwa njengesisho sobuciko esidlula ukusebenza ukuze sibe ifa lamasiko. I-Conakry, inhloko-dolobha yaseGuinea, izindlu zokusebenzela lapho izingcweti ziguqula izinkuni ze-ebony zibe izingcezu eziyingqayizivele, egcwele izimpawu nokunemba. Lesi sihloko sihlola ukuthi i-ebony-carved chess eGuinea akuyona nje into yokuzilibazisa, kodwa ibhuloho phakathi kobuciko bokhokho kanye nobuciko besimanje, okubonisa ubunikazi bedolobha kanye nokuxhumana kwalo nemvelo. Kusukela ezimfihlo zokhuni kuya kumthelela wamasiko nezomnotho, Sizothola ukuthi kungani lezi zingcezu zingaphezu kwezinto ezilula: Ziwubufakazi befa elihlala njalo.

I-Ebony yaseGuinea: izinkuni ezinomphefumulo

I-ebony, ngokwesayensi eyaziwa ngokuthi I-Diospyros crassiflora, Ingenye yezinkuni eziyigugu kakhulu emhlabeni ngenxa yokuminyana kwazo, umbala omnyama ojulile nokumelana nokugqoka. EGuinea, Lolu hlobo lumila ezindaweni ezinamahlathi eningizimu-mpumalanga, ikakhulukazi esifundeni sase-Nzérékoré, lapho izihlahla zingafinyelela ukuphakama okufika phezulu 20 ama-metro. Nokho, Ukuxhashazwa kwayo kunezinselele: Ukugawulwa kwemithi ngokungakhethi kanye nokuntuleka kokulawula kuye kwabeka ukusimama kwayo engcupheni, okuholela abadwebi ukuthi bafune ezinye izindlela ezifana ne-plantation ebony noma izinkuni ezifanayo ezifana I-Dalbergia melanoxylon (i-ebony yase-Afrika).

Okwenza i-ebony yaseGuinea ihluke yikhono layo lokumunca ubuciko bezandla amakhulu eminyaka.. Ababazi bendawo, abaningi babo bayizindlalifa zozalo lwemindeni, Basebenza ngokhuni ngamathuluzi endabuko njengama-gouges, amashizolo nama-sander ama-manual. Inqubo iqala ngokomisa emoyeni ovulekile izinyanga, kulandelwa ukuqoshwa ngokucophelela okungadonsa amasonto. ucezu ngalunye, kungaba i-pawn noma indlovukazi, Iphucuziwe ukuze kukhanye okugqamisa izinhlamvu zemvelo zokhuni., ukudala umehluko obonakalayo we-hypnotic.

Ngaphandle kobuhle bayo bobuhle, I-ebony yaseGuinea ihambisana nencazelo ejulile yamasiko. Emiphakathini eminingi, Izinkuni kukholakala ukuthi zinezinto zomoya., esebenza njengesixhumanisi phakathi kwezwe lasemhlabeni nomhlaba wokhokho. Le nkolelo ibonakala emiklamo yamabhodi e-chess., lapho i-geometric motifs ephefumulelwe i-cosmogony yendawo ivame ukuhlanganiswa, njengama- spiral afanekisela umjikelezo wokuphila noma onxantathu abamelela ukuxhumana phakathi kwesibhakabhaka, umhlaba nomhlaba ongaphansi.

I-Chess njengekhanvasi: amasu kanye nezimpawu e-Conakry

Ezinkundleni zokuxhumana zaseConakry, i-chess iqanjwa kabusha njengendlela yobuciko bokulandisa. Ngokungafani nezingxenye zaseNtshonalanga ezijwayelekile, lawo aqoshwe nge-ebony yaseGuinea ngokuvamile ahlanganisa izakhi ezixoxa izindaba. Ngokwesibonelo, Amahhashi angathatha izinhlobo zezilwane zendawo njenge-antelope noma ingwe, kuyilapho ababhishobhi beshintsha babe abantu abanezici ezinesitayela ezivusa amaqhawe aseMandinka. Lokhu ngokwezifiso akunangqondo: Yonke imininingwane iphendula uphawu olusekelwe emlandweni weGuinea.

Enye yezindlela ezivelele kakhulu ukuqopha impumuzo, lapho abenzi bezandla beqopha khona izigcawu ezisekelweni zezingcezu. Kwamanye amabhodi, Kuvamile ukuthola izethulo zezimpi zomlando, njengokumelana nombuso weSamori Touré ngokumelene namakoloni aseFrance, noma izigcawu zansuku zonke njengezimakethe nemikhosi yendabuko. Lokhu kulandisa okubukwayo kuguqula umdlalo ngamunye ube uhambo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lapho umdlali enganyakazi izingcezu kuphela, kodwa isebenzisana nenkumbulo eqoqekile yabantu.

Esinye isici esithakazelisayo ukusetshenziswa kwe isikali. Ezinye izingcweti zihlanganisa izinto ezifana nezinyo lendlovu (nakuba ukusetshenziswa kwayo kulawulwa), ithambo noma izinsimbi ezifana nethusi ukudala umehluko wombala nokuthungwa. Ngokwesibonelo, amehlo ezicucu angase enziwe izingcezwana ezincane zendlovu, kuyilapho imiqhele yamakhosi ngezinye izikhathi inemininingwane ngegolide noma isiliva. Lezi zindlela, ifa legolide lendabuko, Bakhuphula i-chess esigabeni sobucwebe obusebenzayo, lapho ucezu ngalunye luwumsebenzi wobuciko ngokwawo.

Uphawu luphinde ludlulele ebhodini. Esikhundleni sezikwele zakudala ezimnyama nezimhlophe, Ezinye izingcweti zaseGuinea zikhetha imiklamo ebonisa ububili obukhona emasikweni amaningi ase-Afrika. Ngokwesibonelo, amabhodi anamaphethini abomvu namnyama angatholakala, imibala emelela ukuphila nokufa, noma ngokuhlukana okulingisa izindwangu zendabuko ezifana edolobheni. Le mininingwane ayigcini nje ngokwenza umdlalo ube muhle, kodwa bamema ukuzindla okujulile ngencazelo yesu nodweshu.

Kusukela kumaworkshop kuya ezimakethe: umthelela wezomnotho namasiko

Ukukhiqizwa kwe-ebony eqoshiwe chess eGuinea akuyona nje inkulumo yobuciko, kodwa futhi injini yezomnotho yamakhulu emindeni. E-Conakry, Izindawo ezingomakhelwane ezifana ne-Dixinn ne-Ratoma ziyikhaya lama-artisan cooperatives lapho izizukulwane ezintsha ziqeqeshelwa ukuhweba.. Lezi zinhlelo azigcini nje ngokugcina amasu endabuko, kodwa futhi zikhiqiza amathuba omsebenzi ezweni lapho ukuntuleka kwemisebenzi kwentsha kudlula khona 60%. Ngokwemininingwane evela ku-Ministry of Crafts and Tourism of Guinea, Imboni yezobuciko imele nxazonke 5% we-GDP kazwelonke, nge-ebony njengomunye wemikhiqizo ethunyelwa kakhulu kwamanye amazwe.

Nokho, indlela ayinazo izithiyo. Ukuncintisana ngemikhiqizo emikhulu ekhiqizwa eChina noma eNdiya, abalingisa isitayela sase-Afrika ngezindleko eziphansi, kuphoqe izingcweti zaseGuinea ukuthi zisungule izinto ezintsha. Abaningi bakhethe ukuthola izitifiketi zohwebo olunobulungiswa noma ukusebenzisana nabaklami bamazwe ngamazwe ukuze bakhe izingcezu ezikhethekile.. Isibonelo ukubambisana phakathi kwabaqophi baseGuinea kanye nohlobo lwaseFrance I-Southern Workshops, elethe i-ebony chess kumagalari wezobuciko eParis naseNew York, ngamanani asukela phakathi 500 kanye ne 5.000 ama-euro ngomdlalo ngamunye.

Umthelela wamasiko ubaluleke ngokufanayo. EGuinea, i-chess akuwona nje umdlalo we-elite, kodwa ithuluzi lokubumbana komphakathi. Ezigcawini zomphakathi njenge I-Independence Square eConakry, Kuvamile ukubona abantu abadala kanye nentsha bebuthene emabhodini aqoshiwe, ukwabelana ngamasu nama-anecdotes. Ngaphandle kwalokho, Uhulumeni ukhuthaze imiqhudelwano yezikole njengengxenye yezinhlelo zemfundo, usebenzisa i-chess ukufundisa ingqondo, ukubekezela nokucabanga okujulile. Ku 2022, IGuinea ibambe iqhaza okokuqala kwiWorld Chess Olympiad, neqembu elakhiwe ingxenye yabadlali abafunde umdlalo kulezi zingxoxo zomphakathi.

Noma kunjalo, ukuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke nakho kubangela izinselele. Ukufunwa kwamazwe ngamazwe kuholele ekuxhashazweni ngokweqile kwezinsiza zamapulangwe, futhi nakuba kunemithetho elawula ukugawulwa kwe-ebony, ukusetshenziswa kwayo akuvamile. Izinhlangano ezifana IGreenpeace Africa baye baxwayisa ngokugawulwa kwamahlathi esifundeni saseNzérékoré, ukunxusa abadwebi ukuthi basebenzise izindlela ezisimeme. Ezinye izindawo zokucobelelana ngolwazi sezizama ezinye izinkuni, njengaye ukwesaba noma i wenge, enikeza izakhiwo ezifanayo ne-ebony kodwa enomthelela ophansi wemvelo.

I-Guinea chess esiteji somhlaba: phakathi kwesiko nokusha

Eminyakeni yakamuva, I-Chess eqoshwe e-Guinea ebony isithole ukuqashelwa endaweni yobuciko yamazwe ngamazwe. Amagalari afana Igalari 38 eCasablanca noma Igalari Yobuciko Yase-Afrika Imibukiso inikezelwe kulezi zingcezu eLondon., egqamisa inani lawo njengamaqoqo. Ku 2021, Ibhodi le-Guinea chess litholwe ngabakwa Paris Museum of Decorative Arts, lapho kukhonjiswa khona njengesibonelo sokuhlangana phakathi kobuciko nobuciko besimanje.

Lokhu kuqashelwa kuvule amathuba amasha kuma-artisan, kodwa futhi idale izimpikiswano mayelana nobuqiniso kanye nokudayiswa kwesiko. Abanye abagxeki baphikisa ngokuthi isidingo samazwe ngamazwe siholela ekumisweni kwemiklamo, lapho imidwebo yendabuko yenziwa lula ukuze ihambisane nokuthanda kwaseNtshonalanga. Ngokwesibonelo, Izingcezu ezifake izimpawu zendawo ngaphambilini manje sezikhiqizwa ngezindlela ezijwayelekile ukuze kube lula ukuthengiswa kwazo ezimakethe ezifana ne-Etsy noma i-Amazon Handmade..

Ngibhekene nale nkinga, abaqophi abaningi bakhethe indlela exubile: bagcine ingqikithi yendabuko emisebenzini yabo ngenkathi behlola izinhlobo ezintsha zokukhuluma. Icala elivelele yilelo lengcweti Umama Keita, ohlanganisa ukuqoshwa kwe-ebony nezindlela zesimanje ezifana nokuqoshwa kwe-laser ukuze akhe izingcezu ezihlonipha umlando waseGuinea. Uchungechunge lwakho “Amakhosi ase-Afrika”, lapho ucezu ngalunye lumelela umholi womlando ofana no-Sundiata Keïta noma u-Alpha Yaya Diallo, iye yanconywa ngokujula kwayo komqondo kanye nokwenza kahle.

Ukuqamba kabusha kudlulela nasekusetshenzisweni kwezinto. Ezinye izingcweti zizama ukusebenzisa ama-resin eco-friendly ukuze zenze amabhodi alula, aqinile., noma ngamapende emvelo atholakala ezitshalweni zendawo ukwengeza umbala ngaphandle kokulimaza izinkuni. Lezi zimo aziphenduli kuphela ezidingweni zemakethe, kodwa futhi zikhombisa ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kobuciko, lapho kuhlangana khona isiko nesimanje.

Kumkhakha wedijithali, Amapulatifomu afana ne-Instagram ne-TikTok avumele izingcweti zaseGuinea ukuthi zifinyelele izethameli zomhlaba wonke. Ama-akhawunti afana @EbonyChessGuinea khombisa inqubo yokubaza kumavidiyo ekhwalithi ephezulu, ukuheha abaqoqi kanye nabathandi be-chess. Lesi simo siholele ekwenyukeni kokuthengiswa okuqondile, ukunciphisa ukuncika kubaxhumanisi kanye nokuvumela ababazi ukuthi bathole imajini yenzuzo enkulu. Nokho, idale nezinselele, njengobugebengu bokuklama noma ukuncintisana okungafanele okuvela kumakhophi ashibhile.

Ikusasa le-ebony-carved chess eGuinea libukeka lithembisa, kodwa kuncike kakhulu ekutheni amandla ezimakethe alinganiswa kanjani nokulondolozwa kwamasiko. Izinyathelo ezifana ne Isikole Sezobuciko saseConakry, enikeza izifundo zamahhala ekuqopheni nasekuklameni, Bayisinyathelo esiqonde endleleni efanele.. Ngaphandle kwalokho, Ukukhula kokuqwashisa ngemvelo kuholela ama-artisan ukuthi ahlole ezinye izindlela ezisimeme, njengokusetshenziswa kwezinkuni ezigaywe kabusha noma ukutshalwa kabusha kwezindawo ezonakele.

Kafushane, I-Guinea chess ingaphezu komdlalo: Kuwubufakazi bokuqina., ngobuhlakani nokuzigqaja ngamasiko. Ezweni lapho izisebenzi zezandla zivame ukuxoshwa yizimboni, Lezi zingcezu ze-ebony ezibaziweyo zimelela ukumelana buthule, indlela yokugcina liphila ifa elisinde emakhulwini eminyaka oguquko. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kumqhudelwano wendawo noma kugalari yobuciko eYurophu, Umdlalo ngamunye odlalwa nge-Guinea chess uwukuhlonipha ikhono labadali bawo kanye nokunotha kwesiko eliqhubeka nokukhuthaza umhlaba..

Iziphetho: i-chess njengefa nekusasa

Uhambo oludabula i-ebony-carved chess eGuinea lwembula iqiniso elithakazelisayo: lolo lobuciko obudlula umsebenzi walo wasekuqaleni ukuze lube uphawu lokuzibonakalisa, ukumelana nokudala. Kusuka emahlathini aseNzérékoré, lapho umthenjana ukhula ngokubekezela, ezinkundleni zokuxhumana zaseConakry, lapho izingcweti zenza ukuphila kube yizicucu ezicwile emlandweni, Isigaba ngasinye senqubo sibonisa ukuxhumana okujulile phakathi kwabantu nemvelo.. I-ebony, ngobuningi bayo kanye nombala omnyama, Akulona nje izinkuni, kodwa i-canvas lapho amakhulu eminyaka yesiko nekusasa elizokwakhiwa lithathwa khona.

I-Guinea chess inselele umbono waseNtshonalanga womdlalo njengomsebenzi wobuhlakani kuphela.. Lapha, ucezu ngalunye luyindaba exoxwayo, ibhodi ngalinye ibalazwe izimpawu, futhi umdlalo ngamunye ube nethuba lokuhlonipha okwedlule ngenkathi uzulazula okwamanje. Izingcweti zaseConakry azigcini nje ngokubaza ukhuni; inkumbulo ebaziwe, ukudlulisa ulwazi kanye, ezimweni eziningi, basekele ngokwezomnotho imiphakathi yabo. Umsebenzi wakhe uyisikhumbuzo sokuthi ubuciko abuyona into ewubukhazikhazi, kodwa isidingo, ikakhulukazi ezimweni lapho ukuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke kusongela ukuhlanganisa izinkulumo zamasiko.

Nokho, leli fa libhekene nezinselelo ezinkulu. Ukusimama kwe-ebony, Ukuncintisana ngemikhiqizo eminingi kanye nengcindezi yokujwayela ukuthanda amazwe ngamazwe kuyizithiyo ezidinga izixazululo zokudala. Ngenhlanhla, Ukusabela kwezingcweti zaseGuinea kube nokusha: kusukela ekwamukelweni kwezinye izinkuni kuya ekusebenzisaneni nabaklami bomhlaba, ngokusebenzisa izinkundla zedijithali ukufinyelela izimakethe ezintsha. Lawa masu awagcini nje ngokuqinisekisa ukusinda kohwebo, kodwa futhi bayawucebisa, okufakazela ukuthi isiko nesimanje akuphambene, kodwa kuyaphelelisana.

Okomfundi, Lesi sihloko siyisimemo sokubheka ngale kwe-chess njengomdlalo olula.. Kuwubizo lokwazisa umsebenzi wezandla, ukuqaphela umzamo wesiqephu ngasinye kanye nokweseka imizamo ethuthukisa ubuciko obuqhubekayo. Ukuthi uthola ibhodi le-ebony eliqoshiwe, ukuvakashela indawo yokusebenzela e-Conakry noma ukumane nje wabelane ngendaba yalezi zingcweti, Zonke izenzo zinomthelela ekulondolozeni ifa lokho, kungenjalo, ingalahleka. Ezweni elisheshayo, lapho i-ephemeral ibusa khona, I-Guinea chess isikhumbuza ubuhle balokho okuhlala njalo: izinto ezingasetshenziswa kuphela, kodwa ziqoqiwe, zizuzwa futhi zigujwa.

Ekugcineni, i-chess eqoshwe ku-ebony eGuinea isibuko sobuntu uqobo: inkimbinkimbi, ezihlukahlukene futhi ezigcwele ukuphikisana. Kuwubuciko obuzalwa emhlabeni, Ibunjwa ngezandla futhi inothisa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Y, njengabo bonke ubuciko obuhle, yeqa imingcele, ukuxhuma labo abakudalayo nalabo ababathandayo, nalabo abayidlalayo nalabo abacabanga ngayo. Kumdlalo ngamunye, esiqeshini ngasinye, ishaya inhliziyo yedolobha ukuthi, ukumelana nanoma isiphi isimo, uyaqhubeka nokuqopha ikusasa lakhe ngentshiseko efanayo aqopha ngayo okwedlule.