Chess nge-IA: I-Estonia iyishintsha kanjani imfundo ngaphandle kolimi

Emhlabeni lapho ubuchwepheshe buchaza kabusha imikhawulo yemfundo, I-Estonia iphuma njengokukhanya kokuqanjwa kabusha ngokuhlanganisa ubuhlakani bokwenziwa ekufundiseni amakhono ayinkimbinkimbi ngaphandle kokuncika olimini lwezwi.. Izinzile, imali yakho, isiphenduke ilabhorethri ephilayo lapho i-chess - umdlalo wakudala wesu nokucabanga okujulile - ifundiswa kusetshenziswa ama-algorithms, ukusebenzisana okubonakalayo kanye nokuzivumelanisa ngokwezifiso. Le ndlela yokufundisa ayigcini nje ngokudiliza izithiyo zolimi, kodwa futhi yenza kube nentando yeningi ukufinyelela ekufundeni, ikakhulukazi imiphakathi enezidingo ezikhethekile noma ezimweni zezilimi eziningi. I-Estonia ikwazi kanjani ukuguqula ibhodi le 64 amabhokisi ethuluzi lokufundisa elinamandla e-AI? Impendulo ilele ekuhlanganisweni kwezinqubomgomo zomphakathi ezinombono, ukusebenzisana phakathi kwemikhakha nokuzibophezela okunqunyiwe kwezobuchwepheshe njengesilinganisi somphakathi.

I-Chess njengebhuloho lemfundo yesikhathi esizayo

I-Chess ngokomlando ibiyinqola yokuthuthukisa amakhono okuqonda njengenkumbulo., ukugxilisa ingqondo nokuxazulula izinkinga. Nokho, Ukufundisa kwabo ngokwendabuko kuvame ukuncika emiyalweni ekhulunywa ngomlomo noma ebhaliwe, okuvimbela ukufinyelela kwalo ezindaweni lapho ulimi luyisithiyo. E-Estonia, nge-ecosystem yayo yedijithali ethuthukisiwe, uhlonze ku-chess ithuba lokuzama amamodeli okufundisa angakhulumi. Amaphrojekthi afana I-Chess Ezikoleni, egqugquzelwa uhulumeni wase-Estonia ngokubambisana ne-International Chess Federation (I-FIDE), baye benza izisekelo zokuhlanganisa umdlalo emagumbini okufundela kusukela esemncane. Kodwa inguquko yangempela iza ne-AI.

Amapulatifomu afana I-Chessable o I-Lichess, ilungiswe ngama-algorithms wokufunda komshini, vumela abafundi ukuthi bahlanganyele nomdlalo ngempendulo ebonakalayo nethintayo. Ngokwesibonelo, Ingane ene-autism noma ubunzima bolimi ingafunda ukuvuleka namaqhinga ngokusebenzisa amaphethini okunyakaza asesikrinini, ngaphandle kwesidingo sokulandela imiyalelo yomlomo. Le ndlela yokusebenza ayigcini nje ngokusiza ukufakwa, kodwa futhi kuqinisa ukuzimela kwabafundi, othuthuka ngejubane lakhe. I-Tallinn ithathe lo mqondo isinyathelo esiqhubekayo ngokwakha ama-prototypes edeshibhodi axhumeke ku-AI., lapho izingcezu “bayakhuluma” usebenzisa izibani nokudlidliza ukuqondisa umdlali.

I-AI njengomfundisi othule: ukuthi uhlelo lusebenza kanjani

Inhliziyo yale modeli yezemfundo ilele ekhonweni le-AI lokuhlaziya amaphethini omdlalo futhi livumelane nezidingo zomuntu ngamunye.. Ngokungafani nothisha ongumuntu, i-algorithm ayikhathali noma ayihluleli; buka nje, funda futhi uphakamise. Hhayi uTallin, izikhungo ezifana IT College kanye ne I-Prototron (i-accelerator yokuqala yobuchwepheshe) baye benza izinhlelo ezihlanganisa ukubona kwekhompyutha, ukucutshungulwa kolimi lwemvelo (nakuba ngaphandle kokuncika kuye) kanye namanethiwekhi e-neural ukuze adale okuhlangenwe nakho kokufunda okugxilile.

Enye yamaphrojekthi aphawuleka kakhulu ChessMind, ithuluzi elisebenzisa amakhamera nezinzwa ukulandelela ukunyakaza komdlali ngesikhathi sangempela. Isistimu ihlonza amaphutha avamile—njengokushiya ingxenye ingavikelekile noma ukuziba izinsongo—futhi iphendula ngezimpawu ezibonakalayo.: ibhokisi likhanya ngokubomvu uma kunengozi, noma ucezu luyakhanya uma lusesimweni sokuhlasela. Okwabafundi abanokukhubazeka kokuzwa noma ukuphazamiseka kokusebenza kwezinzwa, le mpendulo engakhulumi ibalulekile. Ngaphandle kwalokho, I-AI yenza imibiko enemininingwane yothisha, ukugqamisa izindawo zokuthuthuka ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuhlola okubhaliwe.

Esinye isibonelo yilesi I-RobotChess, ingalo yerobhothi edlala ngokumelene nomfundi futhi ivumelane nezinga layo lobunzima ngokusekelwe ekusebenzeni. Uma umfundi enza amaphutha aphindaphindiwe endaweni ethile yokuvula, irobhothi lenza ukunyakaza kwalo kube lula ukuze liqinise imiqondo eyisisekelo. Le ndlela ye “ukufunda okuguquguqukayo” Iwusizo ikakhulukazi ezikoleni zasemakhaya zase-Estonia, lapho isilinganiso somfundi nothisha siphezulu futhi izinsiza zilinganiselwe.

Izinqubomgomo zomphakathi kanye nokusebenzisana komphakathi nezizimele: injini ngemuva emisha

Impumelelo yase-Estonia ekuhlanganiseni i-AI nemfundo ayizenzekelanga, kodwa umphumela wokutshalwa kwezimali kwamashumi eminyaka kungqalasizinda yedijithali nezinqubomgomo zomphakathi ezihloselwe ukusungula izinto ezintsha. Kusuka 2000, Izwe selisebenzise izinhlelo ezifana nalezi I-Tiger Leap, owaletha amakhompyutha kuwo wonke amagumbi okufundela, y e-Estonia, inkundla eyenza izinsiza zikahulumeni zibe yidijithali, kuhlanganise nemfundo. Hoy, yena 99% zezikole zase-Estonian ziyakwazi ukufinyelela ku-inthanethi eshesha kakhulu, futhi abafundi bathola ukuqeqeshwa kwezinhlelo ku- 7 iminyaka.

Endabeni ye-digital chess, Ukusebenzisana phakathi kwezinkampani zikahulumeni nezizimele bekubalulekile. Kusukela kuhulumeni wase-Estonia, ngokusebenzisa Umnyango Wezemfundo Nocwaningo, ixhasa ngezimali amaphrojekthi okulinga ezikoleni, ngenkathi izinkampani zithanda TransferWise (manje uhlakaniphile) y Ibholidi —kokubili ngezimpande zase-Estonian—xhasa imiqhudelwano futhi uthuthukise amathuluzi okufundisa. Ngaphandle kwalokho, i Inyuvesi yaseTallinn kanye ne Isikhungo seCybernetics Basebenza ngama-algorithms athile e-AI okufundisa i-chess, ngokugxila ekufinyelelekeni.

Ikesi eliwuphawu uhlelo I-Chess Yabo Bonke, yethulwe phakathi 2021, efuna ukuletha i-digital chess emiphakathini enganakiwe, okuhlanganisa ababaleki kanye nabantu abakhubazekile. Siyabonga ku-AI, Izinto ezisetshenziswayo zizivumelanisa ngokuzenzakalela namazinga ahlukene wamakhono nezidingo zezinzwa. Ngokwesibonelo, ingane engaboni kahle ingasebenzisa ibhodi elinezicucu ezithintekayo kanye nempendulo ezwakalayo, kuyilapho umfundi onokunyakaziswa okunciphile ehlanganyela negeyimu esebenzisa imiyalo yezwi noma ukuthinta.

Izinselelo nokugxeka: Ingabe i-AI iyisixazululo esiqondile?

Naphezu kwentuthuko, Imodeli yase-Estonia ayinazo izinselele. Enye yezinto eziyinhloko yi- ukuhlukaniswa kwedijithali: nakuba i-Estonia ingumholi kwezokuxhumana, Usekhona umehluko phakathi kwezindawo zasemadolobheni nezasemakhaya. Kwezinye izikole eziseziqhingini ezisentshonalanga, Ngokwesibonelo, ingqalasizinda ayisekeli ngaso sonke isikhathi amathuluzi e-AI esikhathi sangempela, okuyinto ekhawulela ukuqaliswa kwayo.

Okunye ukugxekwa kukhomba ukwehlisa isithunzi sokufunda. Abanye othisha bayakuphikisa lokho, nakuba i-AI ingafundisa amaqhinga namasu, ayinawo amandla okudlulisa amanani afana nezemidlalo, ukubekezela noma ukusebenzisana. i-chess, ngemva kwakho konke, Akulona nje iqoqo lemithetho, kodwa futhi ithuluzi ukuthuthukisa amakhono social-ngokomzwelo. Ukuphendula, I-Tallinn isiqalile ukuhlanganisa izikhathi ezixubile, lapho i-AI ihambisana nabeluleki abangabantu abaqondisa izingxoxo ngokuziphatha kwemidlalo noma ukuphathwa kokukhungatheka.

Kukhona futhi ukukhathazeka mayelana ubumfihlo bedatha. Amasistimu e-AI aqoqa imininingwane enemininingwane mayelana nokusebenza kwabafundi, ukuphakamisa imibuzo mayelana nokuthi ubani okwazi ukufinyelela le datha nokuthi isetshenziswa kanjani. E-Estonia, iphayona kuhulumeni wedijithali, usungule izinhlaka eziqinile zomthetho zokuvikela ulwazi lwezemfundo, kodwa impikiswano mayelana nebhalansi phakathi kokuqanjwa kabusha nobumfihlo ihlala ivulekile.

Ekugcineni, kukhona inselelo ye ukusimama. Amaphrojekthi amaningi okulinga ancike emalini yangaphandle noma izibonelelo, futhi ukukala kwayo kwesikhathi eside akuqinisekisiwe. Ukunqoba lesi sithiyo, Uhulumeni wase-Estonia uhlola amamodeli amabhizinisi amasha, njengokusebenzisana nezinkampani zobuchwepheshe ezingenza imali ngamathuluzi okufundisa ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukufinyeleleka kwazo.

Ifa likaTallinn: imodeli yomhlaba

I-Estonia ikhombisile ukuthi i-AI ingaba umbimbi onamandla kwezemfundo, ikakhulukazi uma kuziwa kumakhono ayinkimbinkimbi njenge-chess. Indlela yayo engasebenzisi amazwi ayizuzisi kuphela abafundi abanezidingo ezikhethekile, kodwa futhi inikezela ngenye indlela enokucutshungulwa ezindaweni ezinezilimi eziningi noma ezinezisetshenziswa. Nokho, Inani langempela lale modeli lisemandleni ayo okukhuthaza amanye amazwe ukuthi acabange kabusha ngemfundo enkathini yedijithali..

Amaphrojekthi afana nalawo aseTallinn ayaphindwa ezindaweni ezinjengeFinland, lapho i-AI ivivinywa khona ukufundisa izibalo, noma eSingapore, esebenzisa ama-algorithms ukwenza ukufunda ulimi kube ngokwakho. Ngisho naseLatin America, lapho ukuhlukana kwedijithali kugqame kakhulu, izinhlelo ezifana Amalabhorethri (eqeqesha abesifazane kwezobuchwepheshe) bahlola amathuluzi afanayo okwenza intando yeningi ukufinyelela emfundweni.

I-Estonian digital chess, empeleni, isikhumbuzo sokuthi ubuchwepheshe abuyona isiphetho ngokwayo, kodwa indlela yokudala imiphakathi ebandakanya wonke umuntu futhi elinganayo. Ngokususa izithiyo zolimi nokuzivumelanisa nezidingo zomuntu ngamunye, I-AI ingaba umfundisi othule kodwa onamandla, ekwazi ukuqondisa abafundi ekwenzeni amakhono angaphezu kwebhodi. Inselele manje iwukuqinisekisa ukuthi le nqubo entsha ayihlali ezindaweni zokucwaninga zaseTallinn, kodwa ukuthi ifinyelela kuwo wonke amagumbi omhlaba lapho ingane, kungakhathalekile ukuthi uluphi ulimi noma isimo sakho, ungahambisa ucezu lwakho lokuqala ubheke esikhathini esizayo esigcwele amathuba.

Ekuphetheni, Icala lase-Estonia akuyona nje indaba emayelana ne-chess noma ubuhlakani bokwenziwa, kodwa isibonelo sokuthi ubuchwepheshe bungakwazi kanjani ukuchaza kabusha imingcele yalokho okungenzeka kwezemfundo. UTallinn uzuze okuthile okungajwayelekile: guqula umdlalo wakudala ube yithuluzi lokufundisa lekhulu lama-21, kuyafinyeleleka, iyavumelana nezimo futhi ayinazo izithiyo zolimi. Nokho, Le modeli futhi isimema ukuba sicabange ngezinselele zokuziphatha, ezokuhlalisana nezobuchwepheshe ezihambisana nokusungula izinto ezintsha. Siqinisekisa kanjani ukuthi i-AI ayikujulisi ukungalingani? Siyigcina kanjani ingxenye yomuntu ekufundeni? Le mibuzo ayinazo izimpendulo ezilula., kodwa i-Estonia isinika indawo yokuqala: ubuchwepheshe kumele busebenzele abantu, hhayi ngenye indlela.

Ifa likaTallinn, ekugcineni, ukubizelwa esenzweni. Ezweni lapho imfundo isalokhu iyilungelo kwabaningi, Inhlanganisela ye-chess ne-AI ibonisa ukuthi kungenzeka ukwakha izinhlelo ezilungile nezisebenza kahle. Kodwa ukuze lokhu kwenzeke, intando yezombangazwe iyadingeka, ukusebenzisana phakathi kwemikhakha kanye, phezu kwakho konke, ukuqiniseka ukuthi umfundi ngamunye, kungakhathaliseki izimo zakho, ulifanele ithuba lokufunda. Ibhodi selilungile; Manje okwethu ukuhambisa izingcezu ezifanele.