UVladimir Raskovic: chess yonyango kunye nempilo yengqondo

Embindini weYurophu, apho imbali kunye nenguqulelo zidibana khona, Kuvela umfanekiso wendoda ebomi bayo babunomtsalane njengelifa layo: UVladimir Raskovic. Ugqirha wengqondo, umdlali wechess kunye nombono, URašković akashiyanga nje uphawu olungacimekiyo kumayeza nakwimidlalo yengqondo, kodwa kwakhona yatshintsha indlela esiluqonda ngayo unyango ngechess. Umsebenzi wakho, iphuhliswe kwi Khroweyishiya, igqithe imida kunye neendlela zokuziphatha, isayensi yokudibanisa, ubugcisa kunye nobuntu kwisiphakamiso esisodwa: yena chess yonyango. Eli nqaku liphonononga ubomi balo mlinganiswa ukhethekileyo, impembelelo yawo kwizigulo zengqondo zale mihla, uthando lwakhe lwechess kunye nendlela yakhe entsha eqhuba ngayo ukutshintsha ubomi namhlanje. Ngembali yayo, Siza kufumanisa ukuba umdlalo wakudala unokuba sisixhobo esinamandla kwimpilo yengqondo, uphuhliso lwengqondo kunye nokubandakanywa koluntu.

Ukusuka kwingqondo ukuya kwibhodi: imvelaphi yengqondo eqaqambileyo

UVladimir Rašković wazalelwa apho 1935 kwi Zagreb, ngexesha apho iYugoslavia yayigquba izithethe neengxwabangxwaba zezobupolitika. ukusukela umncinci, wabonisa umdla onganelisekiyo ngengqondo yomntu, yintoni eyabangela ukuba afunde iyeza kwiYunivesithi yaseZagreb, kamva specialing in ingqondo. Uqeqesho lwakhe lwalungaphelelanga ezincwadini: URašković wayefuna ukuqonda ukubandezeleka kwabantu ngokwembono epheleleyo, ukudibanisa ubungqongqo besayensi kunye novelwano olunzulu. Ngethuba leminyaka yakhe yokusebenza kweklinikhi, uqwalasele ukuba zingaphi izigulana ezinokuphazamiseka kwengqondo, ngakumbi abo bane-schizophrenia okanye ukudakumba, Babonisa ukuqhawula phantse ngokupheleleyo kokusingqongileyo. Olu qwalaselo lwamkhokelela ekubeni akhangele ezinye iindlela zokuphinda anxulumane nenyaniso., kwaye yindlela chess eza ngayo ebomini bakhe.

Rašković no era un ajedrecista ocasional. Ukususela ebuntwaneni, umdlalo wawumchulumancile ngokukwazi kwawo ukuvuselela ukucinga okucwangcisiweyo, umonde kunye nobuchule. Nangona kunjalo, Kwakukwishumi leminyaka le 1970 xa eqala ukubona i-chess kungekhona nje njengento yokuzonwabisa, kodwa njenge isixhobo sonyango. Kwimeko apho unyango lwengqondo lwemveli luhlala lujolise kunyango okanye kunyango lokuthetha, URašković uphose ialgo radical: usebenzisa ichess njengebhulorho phakathi kwesigulana kunye nehlabathi langaphandle. Indlela yakhe isekelwe kwingcamango yokuba ibhodi inokusebenza njenge i-microcosm ekhuselekileyo, apho izigulane zinokuqhelisela izakhono zentlalo, yenza izigqibo kunye namava okuphumelela okanye ukungaphumeleli ngaphandle kwemiphumo yokwenyani.

Lo mbono awuzange uvele ndawo. URašković ukhuthazwe zizifundo zangaphambili ezibonisa indlela umdlalo wechess ophucule ngayo ukugxila, inkumbulo kunye nezakhono zokusombulula iingxaki kubantu abasempilweni. Nangona kunjalo, Ingqondo yakhe yayikukulungelelanisa ezi ngcamango kwimeko yeklinikhi., ukudala indlela emiselweyo enokuthi isetyenziswe kwizibhedlele zengqondo. Yale, iiprothokholi eziyilwe ezithile, njengeeseshoni zeqela apho izigulane zidlala ngokuchaseneyo okanye ngokuchasene nabanyangi, rhoqo ngokugxila intsebenziswano yoluntu kwaye i ubuwena. Olu vavanyo lwangaphambili lwabeka isiseko soko kwakuza kwaziwa kamva ngokuba chess yonyango.

I-Chess njengonyango: isayensi kunye nobuntu kuyo yonke intshukumo

Yena chess yonyango Akunjalo nje ukudlala i-chess kwindawo yeklinikhi; yi inkqubo Yenzelwe ngononophelo ukujongana neemfuno ezithile zengqondo nezengqondo. URašković uphuhlise indlela yakhe esekwe kwiintsika ezintathu ezisisiseko:

• Ukuvuselela ingqondo: I-Chess ifuna ucwangciso, inkumbulo kunye nokuguquguquka kwengqondo, izakhono ezihlala zichatshazelwa kwiziphazamiso ezifana ne-Alzheimer's, I-ADHD okanye i-schizophrenia. URašković ubonise oko, xa udlala umdlalo, izigulana zinokuphucula ixesha labo lokungqwalasela kunye nokucinga okunengqiqo.
• ukulawulwa ngokweemvakalelo: Ibhodi isebenza njengendawo elawulwayo apho izigulane zifunda ukulawula ukukhungatheka, ixhala kunye nokungxama. Umzekelo, kwiimeko zokudakumba, I-chess yabavumela ukuba bafumane impumelelo encinci, nto leyo eyandisa inkuthazo yabo kunye nokuzimela.
• Ukudityaniswa kwentlalo: Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo okuninzi kwenza abantu babe ngamakheswa. URašković usebenzise ichess njengesizathu sokukhuthaza intsebenziswano, nokuba kungemidlalo ngababini okanye kwiitumente zamaqela. Oku kwanceda izigulana ukuba ziphinde zakhe izakhono zentlalo kwaye zizive ziyinxalenye yoluntu..

Enye yezona zinto zintsha kwindlela yakhe yokwenza yayiyi ukulungelelanisa umdlalo kwiimfuno zomntu ngamnye. Umzekelo, kwizigulana ezinoluphazamiseko, URašković wenze lula imithetho okanye wasebenzisa iibhodi ezinemibala ukwenza lula ukuqonda. Kwiimeko zengqondo, kunciphise ukuntsonkotha kwemidlalo ukunqanda ukuxinana kwengqondo. Ngaphandle koko, izinto ezidityanisiweyo ze unyango emsebenzini, njengokwenziwa kwamaqhekeza echess kwiindibano zocweyo, elongeza icandelo lomzimba kunye nokudala kunyango.

Imiphumo yayimangalisa. Kuphononongo olupapashwe kwi 1985, URašković ubhale indlela iqela lezigulane ezine-schizophrenia ezithathe inxaxheba kwiiseshoni zonyango lwe-chess kwiinyanga ezintandathu zibonise ukuphucuka okubonakalayo ekukwazini kwabo ukugxila kunye nokunciphisa iimpawu ezimbi., njengokungakhathali. Ezi ziphumo zatsala umdla woluntu lwezenzululwazi lwamazwe ngamazwe., yaye kungekudala indlela yakhe yaqalisa ukwenziwa nakwamanye amazwe, ukusuka Speyin de Ajentina. Nangona kunjalo, U-Rašković wayesoloko egxininisa ukuba ichess yonyango yayingelonyango olungummangaliso, kodwa enye isixhobo esongezelelweyo ezazidinga ukuhlanganiswa kwisicwangciso sonyango esibanzi.

El legado de Rašković: ngaphandle kweCroatia

Nangona uRašković waphuhlisa umsebenzi wakhe ikakhulu eCroatia, Impembelelo yakhe yasasazeka kulo lonke ihlabathi. Kwiminyaka elishumi ye 1990, Indlela yakhe yamkelwa ngamaziko e EMpuma Yurophu, apho i-chess sele inesithethe esinamandla senkcubeko. Kwi Rhashiya, Umzekelo, yaphunyezwa kumaziko okubuyisela kwisimo sangaphambili kumagqala emfazwe anengxaki yoxinzelelo lwasemva kokwenzakala, Ukubonisa ukuba ichess inokuba luncedo nakwimeko yokwenzakala okugqithisileyo. Kwi i-USA, imibutho efana ne Umdlalo weChess eziKolweni Bazilungelelanisa iingcamango zabo neenkqubo zemfundo, ukusebenzisa ichess njengesixhobo sokuphucula indlela abaqhuba ngayo ezifundweni zabantwana abanengxaki yokufunda.

Kodwa ilifa likaRašković aliphelelanga kunyango. Umsebenzi wakhe ukwaphefumlela isizukulwana esitsha abadlali bechess-abanyanga, iingcali ezidibanisa ulwazi lomdlalo kunye nezakhono zonyango. Hoy, Kukho izatifikethi kwi chess yonyango kumazwe aliqela, kunye neeyunivesithi ezifana Barcelona o uya IYunivesithi yaseBelgrade Bafundisa iikhosi ezizodwa ngalo mbandela. Ngaphandle koko, Indlela yakhe ilungelelaniswe kwezinye iindawo, njenge ukubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo okanye i sebenza nabantu abadala, ebonisa ukuguquguquka kwayo.

ECroatia, ilizwe lakhe lokuzalwa, Ilifa likaRašković liyaqhubeka. Kwi 2010, yasekwa Centro Rašković para el Ajedrez Terapéutico eZagreb, indawo enikezelwe kuphando kunye nokusetyenziswa kweendlela zayo. Ngaphaya, Iingcali zonyango, Abadlali beChess kunye nezigulana basebenza kunye ukucokisa nokwandisa umbono wabo. Enye yeeprojekthi eziphawulekayo zeziko yi Inkqubo yeChess yasejele, apho umdlalo usetyenziswa ukunceda amabanjwa ukuba aphuhlise izakhono zokuzibamba nokucwangcisa, ngoko ke kuncitshiswa amazinga okuphinda-phinda.

URašković ukwashiye inqaku kwihlabathi lechess yokhuphiswano. Nangona akazange abe ngumdlali oqeqeshiweyo, Umdla wakhe kulo mdlalo wamkhokelela ekukhuthazeni iitumente zalapha ekhaya kwaye abhale amanqaku amalunga nemfundo yawo.. Kwi 1992, Wade wasebenzisana naye I-Croatian Chess Federation ukuququzelela itumente yesisa enemali eya kwiinkqubo zempilo yengqondo. Esi siganeko, oko kwahlanganisa iinkosi ezinkulu kunye nabadlali bebhola, ibingumzekelo wendlela ichess enokusebenza ngayo njengebhulorho phakathi kwemidlalo nomanyano.

Imingeni kunye nezigxeko: Ngaba ichess yonyango sisisombululo sehlabathi?

Nangona impumelelo yayo, Indlela kaRašković ayizange ibe ngaphandle kokugxekwa. Ezinye iingcali zempilo yengqondo zithi chess yonyango, nangona iluncedo, ayinakuthatha indawo yonyango olusekelwe kubungqina, njenge unyango lokuziphatha kwengqondo okanye amayeza. Abanye babonisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwayo kufuna oogqirha abaqeqeshwe kakhulu, olunqanda ukufikeleleka kwayo kwizicwangciso ezisikelwe umda. Ngaphandle koko, Kukho abo babuza ukuba ngaba iinzuzo ze-chess zonyango izinto jikelele, koko kukuthi, Ingaba izakhono ezifundwe ebhodini ngokwenene ziguqulela kuphuculo kubomi bemihla ngemihla bezigulane.

URašković wayeyazi le mida. Kwimibhalo yakhe, isoloko igxininisa ukuba ichess yonyango kufuneka ibe yinxalenye a indlela yokwenza izinto ezininzi, kudityaniswe nolunye unyango kwaye phantsi kweliso lweengcali. Kwakhona waqaphela ukuba ayizizo zonke izigulane eziphendula ngendlela efanayo kwindlela.: ngelixa ezinye zibonisa ukuphucuka okuphawulekayo, abanye banokuziva bonganyelwe kukuntsonkotha komdlalo. Ukulungisa oku, uhlengahlengiso olucetywayo olunje ichess eyenziwe lula okanye ukusetyenziswa kweebhodi ezisebenzisanayo ezikhokela abadlali inyathelo ngenyathelo.

Omnye umngeni ngu ukunqongophala kwezifundo ezinkulu ezixhasa ukusebenza kwechess yonyango. Nangona kukho ii-anecdotes ezininzi kunye nezifundo zetyala ezibonisa iziphumo ezilungileyo, Uluntu lwezenzululwazi lusafuna uphando olungakumbi ngeesampulu ezinkulu kunye namaqela olawulo.. Ngaloo ndlela, yena Iziko leRašković ibisebenza ngentsebenziswano needyunivesithi ukwenza izifundo ezingqongqo zeklinikhi ezinokuqinisekisa ngakumbi indlela.

Nangona ezi zigxeko, chess yonyango iyaqhubeka ukufumana abalandeli. Ixabiso layo eliphantsi, Ukufikeleleka kwayo kunye nokukwazi kwayo ukulungelelanisa kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo kuyenza ibe sisixhobo esixabisekileyo, ngakumbi kumazwe aneenkqubo zempilo yengqondo enyiniweyo. Ngaphandle koko, Ngexesha apho impilo Yengqondo Yinto ephambili yehlabathi, Indlela kaRašković ibonelela ngoyilo kunye nobuntu obunye ukujongana neengxaki ezinzima.

Izigqibo: ibhodi njengesipili somphefumlo

Ubomi be UVladimir Raskovic bubungqina bendlela inkanuko, isayensi kunye novelwano zinokudibana ukwenza into eguqulayo. Ilifa lakhe aliphelelanga kwindlela yonyango; Sisimemo sokuphinda sicinge ngendlela esiyijonga ngayo impilo yengqondo, imfundo kunye nokubandakanywa kwentlalo. I-chess yonyango, nezibane zayo nezithunzi zayo, isikhumbuza ukuba neyona midlalo midala inokufihla izicombululo ezintsha kwiingxaki zanamhlanje.

Hoy, xa ukudakumba, Ukuxhalaba kunye nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo kuchaphazela izigidi zabantu emhlabeni jikelele, Indlela kaRašković ithatha ukufaneleka okukhulu. Umsebenzi wakhe usifundisa ukuba unyango akuyomfuneko ukuba lubanda okanye lube kude.: inokudlala, uyilo kunye nomntu onzulu. Ngaphandle koko, Indlela yakhe iyasicenga ukuba sijonge ngaphaya kwezisombululo eziqhelekileyo, ukuphonononga indlela ekubonakala ngathi ayidityaniswanga-njenge-chess kunye nengqondo-inokuncedisana ukuphucula ubomi.

ECroatia, ilizwe lakhe lokuzalwa, URašković ukhunjulwa njengovulindlela, kodwa impembelelo yayo idlula imida. Ukusuka kwiintolongo ukuya ezikolweni, ukusuka kwizibhedlele zabagula ngengqondo ukuya kumaziko eentsuku zabantu abadala, ichess yonyango iyaqhubeka nokubonisa amandla ayo. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko walumkisayo ngokwakhe, Impumelelo yayo ixhomekeke kwindlela esiyiphumeza ngayo: ngokungqongqo, ukuziqhelanisa kunye, ngaphezu koko, con uvelwano. Kwihlabathi elikhulayo lobuchwepheshe, apho unxibelelwano lwabantu luhlala luncitshiswa, Ibhodi yechess ime njengesikhumbuzo sokuba, ngamaxesha athile, ezona mpendulo zinamandla zikwizilula, kwizinto eziphathekayo, kwinto esimanyanisayo.

URašković usishiyele ilifa, kodwa kwakhona umbuzo: zeziphi ezinye izixhobo, ebonakala engenatyala, Basenokuba balindele ukufunyanwa ukuze baphile, fundisa kwaye udibanise? Ubomi bakhe nomsebenzi usimema ukuba sihlolisise, ukubuza kwaye, ngaphezu koko, ukudlala.