I-Chess kwiingxabano: umdlalo odibanisa abantwana bakwa-Israel kunye nabasePalestina

Kwihlabathi apho ungquzulwano lwe-geopolitical lubonakala lubahlula phakathi kwabantu, Kukho indawo apho abantwana bakwa-Israel nabasePalestina banokuhlangana ngaphandle kweeflegi okanye imida: ibhodi yechess. Lo mdlalo wamandulo, ngaphezu kokuzonwabisa, iye yaba yibhulorho yokomfuziselo phakathi koxinezeleko, ebonisa ukuba nakweyona meko imbi kakhulu, uluntu lunokufumana amanqaku onxibelelwano. Kodwa, I-chess idlula njani imiqobo yongquzulwano? Ziziphi izifundo zoxolo, ukomelela novelwano kunokutsalwa kula mava ekwabelwana ngawo? Ngamabali okwenene, ubungqina kunye nohlalutyo lwengqondo, Siza kuphonononga ukuba ichess ayifundisi njani iqhinga kuphela, kodwa kunye nokukwazi ukubona abanye ngaphaya kwe-stereotype. Ukusuka kwiitumente zasekuhlaleni ukuya kwiinkqubo zemfundo ezicel' umngeni ucalucalulo, Eli nqaku lingena kumandla okuguqula umdlalo onokuthi, ngamaxesha emfazwe, iba sisenzo sokuxhathisa ngoxolo.

I-Chess njengolwimi oluqhelekileyo kwiindawo zongquzulwano

umdlalo wechess, kunye nemithetho yayo echanekileyo kunye nesakhiwo esilingeneyo, isebenza njengolwimi olungadingi kuguqulelwa. Kwimimandla efana ne-Israel nePalestina, apho iingxoxo zezopolitiko nezentlalo zihlala zizaliswe kukungathembani, Lo mdlalo ubonelela ngesakhelo esingathathi hlangothi apho abathathi-nxaxheba banokusebenzisana ngaphandle komthwalo wembali okanye umbono oqhele ukuvala ezinye iindawo.. Izifundo kwi-cognitive psychology, njengazo zenziwe Iziko loPhononongo lweNguqu yongquzulwano, cebisa ukuba imidlalo yeqhinga isebenze iindawo zengqondo ezinxulumene novelwano kunye nokuthatha imbono, izakhono ezibalulekileyo zokusombulula impixano.

Kwizixeko ezifana neYerusalem okanye iHebron, apho uxinezeleko lubonakala, imibutho efana Chess4Uxolo baye baphumeza iinkqubo ezidibanisa abantwana abavela kumacala omabini ongquzulwano. Ezi ntlanganiso azifuni kuzityeshela iiyantlukwano, kodwa ukudala indawo apho imithetho yomdlalo-kwaye ingeyiyo intiyo-ilawula isantya sonxibelelwano. Umzekelo, kwitumente eququzelelwe 2022 kwisixeko saseRamallah, Abantwana bakwaSirayeli nabasePalestina babedlala imidlalo ngelixa iintsapho zabo, ekuqaleni ndathandabuza, Babukele bekwindawo yokuma. Oko kwaqala njengomdlalo wagqibela ngokuba kukuthembana., apho abathathi-nxaxheba bafunde oko, ngaphandle kweengxelo zezopolitiko, wonke umntu wabelana ngomnqweno wokuphumelela, kodwa nentlonipho yemithetho.

Nangona kunjalo, ichess ayisosisombululo somlingo. Ukusebenza kwayo kuxhomekeke kwindlela ephunyezwa ngayo. Iinkqubo eziyilwe kakubi zinokuwela kuzo uphawu, apho iintlanganiso zincitshiswa zibe ziintshukumo zomfuziselo ezingenampembelelo yokwenene. Ukunqanda oku, Amanyathelo ayimpumelelo adibanisa umdlalo kunye neendibano zocweyo zengxoxo, apho abantwana babonakalisa amava abo ebhodini kunye nendlela anxulumana ngayo nobomi babo ngaphandle kwayo. Ngoko, ichess iba sisikweko esibambekayo sothethathethwano, umonde nolawulo lweemvakalelo, izixhobo ezingundoqo ukukhangela ungquzulwano ukuba, kwiimeko ezininzi, bazuze ilifa ngaphandle kokukhetha.

Ukusuka koogxa ukuya koogxa: indlela ichess ichaza ngayo ubudlelwane

Owona mceli mngeni mkhulu kwiindawo zongquzulwano kukuthotywa kwesidima komnye. Amajelo eendaba, Amabali ezopolitiko kunye neencoko zemihla ngemihla zihlala zinciphisa ama-Israel kunye namaPalestine ukuba abe ziingqikelelo ezilula.: yena “umcinezeli” kwaye i “bacinezelwe”, yena “umnqolobi” kwaye i “ikholoneli”. umdlalo wechess, ngokufuna abadlali bahlale ubuso ngobuso, yaphula le ntshukumo. Xa umntwana wasePalestina kunye nomntwana wamaSirayeli babelana ngebhodi, Bayeka ukuba yimiqondiso kwaye babe ngabantu abanamagama., izicwangciso kunye, ngaphezu koko, iimvakalelo.

Umzekelo ngulo we Mohammed kunye noDaniel, abatsha ababini abadibana kwitumente eTel Aviv. Mohammed, Empuma yeYerusalem yasePalestina, Weza kweso siganeko enengcamango yokuba onke amaSirayeli ayelingana: amajoni okanye amakholoni. UDaniyeli, kwelakhe icala, Ndakhula ndisiva ukuba abantu basePalestina basisisongelo. Ngexesha lokuhamba kwakho, U-Mohammed wenza impazamo yobuchule eyamshiya ekwimeko embi. Endaweni yokuqhayisa, UDaniyeli wamcebisa: “Ukuba uhambisa ubhishophu wakho apha, unokuzikhusela ngcono”. eso senzo, ngokucacileyo incinci, yatshintsha imbono kaMohammed. “Bendingalindelanga ukuba ungandinceda”, kamva wavuma. “Ndandicinga ukuba ndifuna ukuphumelela”.

Amava anjengala abonisa ukuba ichess ayikufundisi nje ukuba ucinge izinto ezininzi eziya phambili, kodwa nokulindela iimvakalelo zomnye. Kwimeko yongquzulwano, apho ubundlobongela budla ngokuba yimpendulo ekhawulezileyo, Ukufunda ukufunda iinjongo zomchasi wakho-ngaphandle kokucinga okubi kakhulu-sisakhono soguquko.. Imibutho efana PeacePlayers International, oguqule indlela yakhe yebhasikithi kwichess, babhale indlela ezi ndibano eziwanciphisa ngayo amanqanaba okuxhalaba kunye nobutshaba kubathathi-nxaxheba. Uphononongo olupapashwe kwi Ijenali yoSombululo lwengxabano kwi 2021 ufumanise ukuba abantwana abathathe inxaxheba kwiinkqubo zechess ezinqamlezileyo babonisa a 30% ukuzimisela ngakumbi ukunxibelelana ne “enye” xa kuthelekiswa namaqela olawulo.

Kodwa utshintsho lwangempela lwenzeka xa olu nxibelelwano ludlula ibhodi. Kwezinye iimeko, Abantwana abadibana kwiitumente bagqibela ngokundwendwela izindlu zabo bakhuphisana nabo, ukwabelana ngokutya kunye nokufumanisa oko, ngaphandle kweeyantlukwano zezopolitiko, Babelana ngezinto abawuthandayo kumculo, imidlalo yevidiyo okanye neqela lebhola ekhatywayo ngokwalo. La maxesha esiqhelo abhukuqileyo kwimeko apho ukuqheleka kudla ngokuba yinto engaqhelekanga.

I-Chess njengesixhobo sokufundisa: efundisa uxolo kumagumbi okufundela

Ukuba ichess inokuba yibhulorho phakathi koluntu olungquzulwano, Amandla ayo njengesixhobo sokufundisa athembisa ngakumbi. Kwizikolo zakwaSirayeli nasePalestina, apho iikharityhulam zihlala zizaliswe ngamabali akhethekileyo esizwe, I-Chess iye yahlanganiswa njengesifundo esifundisa izakhono zengqondo kunye nentlalontle ngaphandle kokungena kwiingxoxo zezopolitiko. I I-International Chess Federation (FIDE) uye wakhuthaza iinkqubo ezifana Umdlalo weChess eziKolweni, ukuba ayiphuculi kuphela ukusebenza kwezemfundo-izifundo eSpain naseTürkiye zidibanise i-chess kunye neziphumo ezingcono kwimathematika kunye nokufunda-, kodwa zikwakhuthaza imilinganiselo efana nentlonipho, umonde kunye nokomelela.

Kwisixeko sakwaSirayeli saseSderot, iikhilomitha ezimbalwa ukusuka eGaza Strip, isikolo ORT Sderot iphumeze inkqubo yechess emva kohlaselo lwe-rocket 2021. Ootitshala baqaphela ukuba abantwana, abaninzi babo abaneempawu zoxinzelelo lwasemva kokwenzakala, Bafumene kumdlalo indawo yokulawula phakathi kwesiphithiphithi. “xa udlala ichess, uyazi ukuba ukuba ulahlekelwe, Ayingokuba umntu ekudubule., kodwa kuba wenze impazamo”, utitshala wacacisa. “Oko kubanika imvakalelo yokuzikhethela abangenayo kwezinye iinkalo zobomi babo.”.

Kwicala lasePalestina, Izikolo ezikwiWest Bank zamkele umdlalo wechess njengenxalenye yenkqubo yokufundisa ebizwa ngokuba yi-pedagogical approach imfundo yoxolo. Kwisixeko saseNablus, umbutho Palestinian Chess Federation isebenza nootitshala ukuyila izifundo apho ichess isetyenziselwa ukuxoxa ngezihloko ezifana nothethathethwano, ukuzincama kunye nokubaluleka kokucinga ngaphambi kokuba wenze. Umzekelo, eklasini, Abafundi bahlalutya imidlalo yembali-enje ngoBobby Fischer ngokuchasene no-Boris Spassky ngo-1972-kwaye baxoxa malunga nokuba ingxabano yezopolitiko phakathi kwe-United States kunye ne-USSR yabonakaliswa njani ebhodini.. Emva koko, sebenzisa ezo zifundo kwiimeko zemihla ngemihla, indlela yokusombulula iingxabano kwiyadi yesikolo.

Ucelomngeni, nangona kunjalo, kukukala ezi nkqubo ngaphandle kokuphulukana nondoqo wazo. Kwimeko apho imfundo idla ngokuba lithafa ledabi leengcamango, Abanye abazali nabasemagunyeni bayijonga ichess ngokukrokra. “Kutheni ufundisa abantwana bethu ukudlala notshaba?”, wabuza utata wasePalestina kwindibano yesikolo. Impendulo yootitshala icacile: ayithethi ngokudlala con utshaba, kodwa ukufunda ukudlala nangona yeyantlukwano. umdlalo wechess, ngale ndlela, Ayisosiphelo ngokwayo, kodwa yindlela yokuphuhlisa iingqondo ezigxekayo ezikwaziyo ukuthandabuza amabali entiyo.

Imida yechess: xa ibhodi ayonelanga

Nangona amandla ayo, umdlalo wechess awuyonto yonyango. Kungquzulwano olungene nzulu njenge-Israel-Palestinian, apho amanxeba embali kunye nokungabikho kokusesikweni kwesakhiwo kuqhubeka, umdlalo awukwazi ukusombulula iingxaki ezifuna isisombululo sezopolitiko. Abagxeki bezi nkqubo babonisa ukuba, ngeyona ndlela, I-chess inika ukuphumla okwethutyana, kodwa ayithethi ngoonobangela bongquzulwano: umsebenzi, iindawo zokuhlala, ukuvalwa kweGaza okanye ukungabikho kwelizwe lasePalestina.

Umzekelo ongumzekelo ngulo we Abantwana, intombazana yasePalestina 12 iminyaka wathatha inxaxheba kwitumente eHaifa. Nangona wayekonwabela ukudlala nabantwana bakwaSirayeli, ukubuyela ekhaya kwinkampu yeembacu eWest Bank, inyaniso yambetha kabuhlungu: uyise wayevalelwe ngumkhosi wamaSirayeli ngaphandle kwetyala, nomkhuluwa wakhe wonzakele kuqhankqalazo. “Iyintoni inqaku lokuphumelela kwichess ukuba andikwazi ukuphumelela ebomini??”, Wabuza umama wakhe. Obu bungqina bubonakalisa inyaniso engathandekiyo: umdlalo wechess unokufundisa ukucinga ngobuchule, kodwa ayinako ukuguqula imithetho yomdlalo wezopolitiko, kwabaninzi, iqhekeziwe kwasekuqaleni.

Ngaphandle koko, Kukho umngcipheko wokuba ezi nkqubo ziya kusetyenziswa. Oorhulumente okanye abaxhasi bamazwe ngamazwe banokuzisebenzisa ukubonisa umfanekiso we “paz” ngaphandle kokuzibophelela kutshintsho lokwenyani. Kwi 2019, ingxelo ye I-Human Rights Watch ugxeke ezinye ii-NGOs ngokuququzelela iintlanganiso phakathi kwabantwana bakwa-Israeli nabasePalestina ngelixa betyeshela ukunyhashwa kwamalungelo oluntu kwiindawo ezithinjiweyo.. “Awukwazi ukuthetha ngoxolo xa kukho abantwana basePalestina abangakwaziyo ukuya esikolweni ngenxa yeendawo zokuhlola”, elinye itshantliziyo lalumkisa.

Oku akuthethi ukuba ichess kufuneka iyekwe, kodwa kufuneka ihambelane nezenzo ezibambekayo. Eminye imibutho, njengoko Abalweli boXolo, Badibanisa umdlalo we-chess kunye namaphulo ezopolitiko, usebenzisa amabali abantwana ukutyhala iinguqu kwimigaqo-nkqubo yomsebenzi. Abanye, njengoko Ngesandla ngesandla, Badibanisa ichess kwizikolo ezithetha iilwimi ezimbini apho amaSirayeli namaPalestina afunda kunye, ebonisa ukuba ukuhlalisana kunokwenzeka xa kukho intando yezopolitiko.

umdlalo wechess, ngoko, Sisixhobo esinamandla, kodwa umda. Ixabiso layo lokwenene likubuchule bayo bokuhlwayela imbewu yovelwano kwizizukulwana eziselula., kodwa ezi mbewu ziya kuchuma kuphela xa zifumene umhlaba ochumileyo. Kungquzulwano apho zonke izenzo zoxolo zidibana nokuthandabuza, I-chess inika ithemba elithobekileyo: leya, nakwelona xesha lobumnyama, kukho indawo yokuhambisa iqhekeza kunye nokutshintsha ikhondo lomdlalo.

Izigqibo: umlingane wentiyo

I-Chess ngamaxesha ongquzulwano ayisosisombululo somlingo, kodwa sisikweko esinamandla sokuba uxolo lunokuba yintoni na: umdlalo apho imigaqo icacile, apho yonke intshukumo ineziphumo kwaye phi, ekugqibeleni, eyona nto ibalulekileyo asikokuphumelela nje kuphela, kodwa ukudlala ngesidima. Kulo lonke eli nqaku, siyibonile indlela abantwana bakwa-Israel kunye nabasePalestina, yahlulwe ziindonga ezibonakalayo kunye namabali entiyo, Bafumana indawo ebhodini apho banokuba njalo: abantwana. Hayi amajoni, hayi amaxhoba, hayi imiqondiso yongquzulwano abangayikhethanga, kodwa amaqhinga, abachasi kunye, ngamaxesha athile, bahlobo.

Nangona kunjalo, I-chess ikwasikhumbuza imida yayo. Ayinakumisa imbumbulu, nokuludiliza nodonga, ungalibuyiseli ilizwe kwabatshabalalayo. Amandla ayo akwento echuliweyo: ukukwazi ukwenza umntu omnye. Xa umntwana wasePalestina kunye nomntwana wase-Israel behleli phambi kwebhodi, Bayeka ukuba ziintshaba ukuze babe ngabantu ababini abanomnqweno ofanayo wokuphumelela., ukuphazamiseka okufanayo xa ujongene nempazamo kunye novuyo olufanayo xa ujongene nomdlalo oqaqambileyo. Kwimeko apho ukutshatyalaliswa kobuntu sisixhobo semfazwe, esi senzo silula siyinguqu.

Kodwa esona sifundo sibalulekileyo esisishiyayo ichess kukuba uxolo alusosiphelo, kodwa inkqubo. Wonke umdlalo lithuba lokuziqhelanisa nomonde, uthethathethwano nentlonipho, izakhono ukuba, ukuba bakhulile, inokugqitha ibhodi. Umceli mngeni ngoku kukukala la mava ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ngundoqo wawo, ukuwahlanganisa kwiinkqubo zemfundo kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yoluntu ebeka phambili ukuhlalisana kunokwahlukana. Njengoko uGrandmaster uGarry Kasparov watsho: “I-Chess bubomi obuncinci”. KwaSirayeli nasePalestina, apho ubomi buphawulwa ngongquzulwano, I-chess inikezela ngento encinci yento enokubakho: umdlalo apho wonke umntu unamathuba afanayo, apho imigaqo ilungile kwaye phi, ekugqibeleni, okubalulekileyo asikokuba ngubani ophumelelayo, kodwa idlalwe njani.

Ingayiyo, ngoko, umlingane wokwenyani akachasene nembangi, kodwa ngokuchasene nentiyo. nakuloo mdlalo, Wonke umntwana okhetha ukususa iqhekeza endaweni yokwakha udonga uyaphumelela..