Robhoti zvakare mutambi we chess: apo AI yakapotsa yauraya musiki wayo

Chess yagara ichionekwa seyo “mutambo wemadzimambo”, nhandare yehondo ine njere uko zano, Kushivirira kwevanhu uye unyanzvi hwokugadzira zvinhu zvinoiswa pamuedzo. Asi, Chii chinoitika kana muchina usingapfuuri murume chete, asi anoipikisa nenzira dzisingatarisirwi? Nyaya yatichaongorora nhasi haisi ngano dzesainzi, asi chiitiko chaicho chakazunungusa nheyo dzehukama pakati pevanhu nehungwaru hwekugadzira. In 1997, nyika yakapupurira sei Deep Blue, iyo IBM supercomputer, Akakunda panguva iyoyo shasha yepasirese Garry Kasparov mumutambo wairatidza pamberi uye mushure. Zvisinei, makore apfuura, Chiitiko chisinganyanyi kuzivikanwa asi chinofadza zvakaenzana chakaitika muSoviet Union: robhoti chess, yakagadzirirwa kudzidzisa vatambi, “anenge” yakagumisa upenyu hwomusiki wayo. Chiitiko ichi, zvakafukidzwa nezvakavanzika uye fungidziro, inomutsa mibvunzo yakadzama pamusoro pemiganhu yetekinoroji, Ethics in artificial intelligence uye kusvika papi isu takagadzirira kurega kutonga kumichina. Kuburikidza nechinyorwa ichi, tichaburitsa chokwadi, Isu tichaongorora zvinorehwa uye nekufungisisa nezveramangwana apo mutsetse pakati pechishandiso nekutyisidzira unowedzera kudzima..

Kwakabva chess marobhoti: zvinopfuura mutambo chete

Kuti unzwisise chiitiko, Izvo zvakakosha kuti udzokere kune kwakabva chess marobhoti. Midziyo iyi haina kubuda sematoyiwo zvawo, asi sematurusi ekudzidzisa nesainzi ekuedza. Mumakore gumi e 1970, ISoviet Union yakanga iri hotbed yeruzivo rutsva muhungwaru hwekugadzira, inotungamirwa neCold War uye nhangemutange yetekinoroji kurwisa United States. chess, yaionekwa sechiratidzo cheukuru hwepfungwa, yakava nzvimbo yekuyedza yekugadzira algorithms inokwanisa kutevedzera kufunga kwevanhu.

Iwo ekutanga chess marobhoti aive rudimentary michina, inoumbwa nemaoko emagetsi anodzorwa nezvirongwa zvekutanga. Basa rayo guru raive rekufambisa zvidimbu pabhodhi remuviri, kubvumira vatambi kudzidzira pasina kudiwa kweanopikisa munhu. Zvisinei, kupfuuridza nguva, Masisitimu aya akashanduka. Masensa akaiswa kuti aone mafambiro emukwikwidzi, dhatabhesi ane kuvhurwa uye magumo, uye kunyange kudzidza maalgorithms akavandudza nemutambo wega wega. Rimwe remapurojekiti akanyanya kushuvira raive iro rakagadzirwa nainjiniya weSoviet Mikhail Botvinnik, aimbove shasha yenyika chess uye piyona mukushandiswa kweAI kumutambo.

Robhoti riri kutaurwa, ane zita risina kumboburitswa pachena, Yakagadzirwa muLeningrad laboratori (yemazuva ano Saint Petersburg) pakupera kwe 70. Musiki waro, injiniya asingazivikanwe ane kuzivikanwa kwake kwaichengeterwa zvakavanzika nekuda kwezvikonzero zvekuchengetedza, vakatsvaga kugadzira muchina unokwanisa kwete wekutamba chete, asi kudzidzisa. Mudziyo wacho waive neruoko rwerobhoti rwepamusoro-soro, chirongwa chekuzivikanwa kwekuona uye chirongwa chakaongorora mitambo munguva chaiyo. Zvisinei, Chakatanga sechirongwa chinovimbisa chakaguma chave chinotyisa..

Chiitiko chacho: apo muchina “kurwiswa” kumusiki wayo

Chiitiko chakaitika mukati 1981, panguva yekuedzwa murabhoritari. Maererano nemishumo declassified makore gare gare, Injiniya anga achigadzirisa kusystem kana chimwe chinhu chakashata. robhoti, iyo kusvika panguva iyoyo yakanga yashanda pasina matambudziko, akatanga kufamba zvisina tsarukano. Panzvimbo pekutevera mirairo yechirongwa, Ruoko rwema mechanical rwakaita zvekuzvitonga ndokurova musiki mumusoro nesimba risingatarisirwi.. Kurohwa kwacho kwainge kwakanyanyisa zvokuti murume wacho akafenda uye aitofanira kuendeswa kuchipatara nokukurumidza..

Ongororo yakazotevera yakaratidza kuti kutadza kwacho hakuna kukonzerwa nekukanganisa kwemuchina., asi a bug mune software. Chirongwa, yakagadzirirwa kutarisira mafambiro pabhodhi, akadudzira zvisizvo chinyorwa sea “kutamba kwehasha”. Pane kungofambisa chidimbu, iyo sisitimu yakamisa chirongwa chekudzivirira, sokunge akanga akatarisana nemhandu yaida kumuparadza. Maitiro aya, kunyangwe netsaona, yakaratidza kuti robhoti harina kusiyanisa pakati pekufananidza uye kutyisidzira chaiko.

Chiitiko chacho chakanyaradzwa nevakuru veSoviet, avo vaisada kukanganisa mukurumbira webudiriro yavo yehunyanzvi. Zvisinei, Zvimwe zvapupu zvakati injiniya haana kuzombopora uye kuti chirongwa chakamiswa nguva pfupi yapfuura.. Ichi chikamu, kunyange vari voga, akabvunza mubvunzo usina kugadzikana: Tingavimba kusvika papi kuti michina iite nenzira dzinofanotaurwa??

Ethics in artificial intelligence: ndiani ane mhosva?

Mhosva yeSoviet chess robhoti haisi kungoziva anecdote, asi muenzaniso waitarisira kukakavadzana kwetsika nemutemo uko kwakakosha nhasi kupfuura kare. Munyika umo AI inodzora zvese kubva kumotokari dzinozvimiririra kune dziviriro masisitimu, mubvunzo wemutoro kana wakundikana unova wakakosha. Ndiani anotora mhosva kana muchina wakanganisa: mugadziri wepurogiramu, mushandisi kana muchina wacho pachawo?

Mundima yemutemo, nyika zhinji hadzisati dzave nehurongwa hwakajeka hwekugadzirisa mhosva muzviitiko zvetsaona dzeAI. Muchiitiko cheSoviet, Injiniya haana kuwana chero muripo, sezvo purojekiti yaive yakavanzika uye pakanga pasina protocol yemhando iyi yemamiriro. Hoy, zvisinei, mamiriro acho akasiyana. Makambani akadai Tesla o Waymo vatarisana nematare edzimhosva nemotokari dzavo dzinozvityaira, uye matare aifanira kusarudza kana kukanganisa kuri kumugadziri, mutyairi kana software.

Kubva pamaonero etsika, nyaya yacho inotowedzera matambudziko. Michina inofanirwa kuve nemiganhu pakuzvimiririra kwayo? Zvinotenderwa here kuti AI system iite sarudzo dzinogona kukanganisa hupenyu hwevanhu pasina kutariswa?? mu chess, kukanganisa kunogona kudhura mutambo; mune mamwe mamiriro, migumisiro yacho inogona kuuraya. Masangano akaita se Ramangwana reHupenyu Institute vane mazano ekusimudzira AI, kufanana pachena, kururamisira uye mutoro, asi kuitwa kwayo kunoramba kwakaoma.

Iyo Soviet chess robhoti yaive chiyeuchidzo chekutanga icho, pasina kudzora kwakakodzera, tekinoroji inogona kuve isingafungidzike. Hoy, nekuwedzera kuoma kweAI masisitimu, Chiyeuchidzo ichocho ndechekukurumidzira kupfuura kare..

Nhaka yechiitiko: zvidzidzo zvenguva yemberi

Anopfuura makumi mana emakore gare gare, chiitiko che chess robot chichiri chakakosha. Kwete chete nekuti aifungidzira njodzi dzeAI, asi nekuti yakaratidza kuti kunyangwe munzvimbo inodzorwa, serabhoritari, michina inogona kuita nenzira isingatarisirwi. Nyaya iyi yakataurwa muzvidzidzo zve robhoti kuchengeteka y kukundikana muzvirongwa zvekuzvimiririra, uye yakashanda semuenzaniso wekugadzira mapuroteni ekukurumidzira mumapurojekiti eAI.

Chimwe chezvidzidzo zvakakosha ndiko kudiwa emergency shutdown masisitimu. Panyaya yerobhoti yeSoviet, Pakanga pasina michina yekuimisa nekukasika.. Hoy, Mazhinji marobhoti eindasitiri uye anozvimiririra masisitimu anosanganisira mabhatani ekumisa emergency kana kutadza-kuchengetedza kuvharika mapuroteni.. Zvisinei, mune mamwe maapplication epamberi, semauto AI kana mari algorithms, Nzira idzi hadzisati dzamira.

Chimwe chidzidzo kukosha kwe kujeka mukugadzira. Iyo chess robhoti tsaona yakakonzerwa nebug mune kodhi iyo pasina munhu aifungidzira.. Parizvino, makambani akadai Google DeepMind y OpenAI vakatora maitiro e kutsanangura, uko maalgorithms anofanirwa kuongororwa kuti anzwisise maitiro avanoita sarudzo. Izvi hazvingobatsiri kudzivirira kukanganisa, asi zvakare inoburitsa kuvimba nevashandisi.

Pakupedzisira, Chiitiko chacho chinosimbisa kudiwa kwe mitemo yepasi rose. Kunyange dzimwe nyika, kufanana neEuropean Union, vane mitemo yepamusoro yekudzora AI (saiye AI Act), vamwe, kufanana neUnited States kana China, Vane mamwe maitiro akarembesa. Kushaikwa kwekubvumirana kwepasirese kunogona kuita kuti mapurojekiti eAI agadziriswe pasina dziviriro dzinodiwa, kudzokorora zvikanganiso zvekare.

Irobhoti yeSoviet chess yakanga isiri villain, asi chiyeuchidzo kuti teknolojia, zvisinei kuti yafambira mberi sei, ichiri chishandiso. Vari “kurwisa” Kwaisava kuita utsinye., asi mhedzisiro yehurongwa hwaive husina kugadzirira izvo zvisingatarisike. Hoy, neAI inobatanidza mune ese maficha ehupenyu, Chidzidzo ichocho chinokosha kupfuura kare..

Mhedziso: Takagadzirira here kugara neAI?

Nyaya ye chess robot iyo “anenge” akauraya musiki wayo girazi ratinogona kuona zvichiratidza matambudziko ehukama hwedu nehungwaru hwekugadzira.. Iyi haisi nyaya yesainzi, asi yechiitiko chaicho chinotimanikidza kubvunza kuti tinonzwisisa kusvika papi michina yatinogadzira. Kubva kumarabhoritari eSoviet kune maalgorithms ayo nhasi anosarudza zvikwereti zvebhangi kana kuongororwa kwekurapa, AI yafambira mberi nekusvetuka-svetuka, asi mano edu okuidzora haana kugara achifambirana.

Munyaya ino yose, Takaongorora kuti sei purojekiti inoita seisina mhosva, serobhoti chess, inogona kutyisidzira kana zvidzoreso zvakundikana. Isu takaona kuti zvikanganiso muAI hazvisi zvehunyanzvi chete, asi tsika nemutemo, uye kuti kushayikwa kwemitemo yakajeka kunogona kuva nemigumisiro yakakomba. Tadzidzawo izvozvo, kunyangwe tekinoroji ichifambira mberi, misimboti yekuchengetedza, Kujeka uye kuzvidavirira kunoramba kuri kwakakosha.

Ramangwana reAI harina kunyorwa, asi zviri kwatiri kusarudza kuti tinoda kuti zviite sei. Tinogona kusarudza kukurumidza kusimudzira pasina dziviriro, kuisa pangozi kudzokorora zvikanganiso zvekare, Kana kuti tinogona kutora nzira yokungwarira, uko hutsva hunofambidzana netsika. Iyo Soviet chess robhoti yakanga isiri yekutanga kesi yemuchina uchipesana nemusiki wayo, uyewo haizovi yokupedzisira. Zvisinei, Nyaya yake inotiyeuchidza izvozvo, munhangemutange yokufambira mberi, Hatingagoni kukanganwa izvozvo, pakupedzisira, Isu tisu tinofanira kuisa mitemo yemutambo.

Mubvunzo hausi wekuti AI ichapfuura vanhu here, asi kana tikave takagadzirira kugara nayo. Mhinduro, senguva dzose, zviri mumaoko edu.