World Chess Day: origen, evolution uye sei kutanga nhasi

Iye 20 Chikunguru haungori mumwe musi pakarenda. Kumamiriyoni evanhu pasi rose, Zuva iri rinofananidzira hunhu hwe chess: mutambo unodarika miganhu, tsika nenguva, asi izvozvo zvinewo kwakabva uye nyaya inofanirwa kutaurwa. Sei zuva iri rakasarudzwa kupemberera World Chess Day? Mhinduro inotiendesa kunguva yakakosha munhoroondo yemutambo: kutanga kweInternational Chess Federation (FIDE) mu 1924, chiitiko chakakosha chakaratidza kutanga kwenguva itsva yechess sechirango chepasi rose. Asi kupfuura kukosha kwayo kwenhoroondo, Iri zuva kukokwa kwekuongorora kuti nei chess ichiri yakakosha nhasi., Yakashanduka sei uye nei?, muzera redhijitari, Ichiri mutambo wakakwana kuti utange mune zano, mwoyo murefu uye kufunga kwakadzama.

Chess haungori mutambo wepfungwa; Chivoni voni chevanhu. Mune yavo 64 mabhokisi anoratidza hondo dzehungwaru dzehungwaru saBobby Fischer, kusawirirana kwezvematongerwo enyika kweCold War, hunyanzvi hwetekinoroji hwakatsanangura mutambo uye kunyangwe kuedza kushandisa bhodhi sechombo chekushandura magariro.. Ichi chinyorwa hachingopembereri chete World Chess Day, asi zvakare inoongorora zvikonzero nei zuva iri iri nguva yakakodzera yekupinda muchadenga umo mafambiro ese akakosha., Imwe neimwe nzira inoburitsa chidzidzo uye mutambo wega wega mukana wekukura.

Kuberekwa kwaFIDE: chess semutauro wepasirese

Kuti unzwisise chikonzero nei 20 Chikunguru ndiye World Chess Day, iwe unofanirwa kuenda kuParis 1924. Mukati meMitambo yeOlympic gore iroro, boka revaoni rakasangana nechinangwa chakajeka: batanidza chess pasi pesangano repasi rose raizosimudzira maitiro ayo, gadzirisa mitemo uye kuisimudza kusvika pachikamu chemutambo unozivikanwa pasi rose. Saka akaberekwa International Chess Federation (FIDE), chinhu icho, kubva ipapo, Yave iri mbiru pakavakirwa chess yemazuva ano.

Sarudzo ye 20 July hazvina kuitika. Zvakaenderana nekuvharwa kweParis Olympic Games, chiitiko chairatidza kubatana pakati pemarudzi kuburikidza nemitambo. chess, kunyange zvazvo yakanga isiri iyo (uye nazvino hazvisi) chikamu chepamutemo cheMitambo yeOlympic, yakawana pazuva iri chiratidzo chepasi rose. FIDE haina kungoronga kuronga makwikwi uye makwikwi epasi rose, asiwo democratize mutambo, kuiendesa kunzvimbo kwayaimbozivikanwa kana kuti yaingosvikwa nevanhu vepamusoro chete. Mumakore asingasviki zana, Chess yakabva pakuve yekutandara mumasaroni epamusoro kuenda kune chiitiko chepasirese, nezvakawanda kupfuura 600 mamirioni evatambi pasi rese.

Asi FIDE haisi mitemo yakabatana chete; Yakabatanidzawo tsika nemagariro. Munyika yakakamurwa nehondo, pfungwa nemiganhu, chess yakava mutauro wakajairika. Munguva yeHondo Yemashoko, Semuyenzaniso, Mitambo pakati peUnited States neUSSR yakanga isiri mitambo yemitambo, asi hondo dzokufananidzira dzakaratidzira makakatanwa pakati pamasimba makuru maviri. Chess yakava a diplomacy yakanyarara, apo zvidimbu zvebhodhi zvaitaura zvinonzwika kupfuura mashoko. Hoy, FIDE inoramba iri zambuko pakati pemarudzi, kusimudzira kwete kukwikwidza chete, asiwo kubatanidza, dzidzo nekusimudzira magariro kuburikidza nekutamba.

Chess muzera redhijitari: kuzvarwa patsva kana kuti mirage?

Kana 20th century yaive nguva yechess globalization, Zana remakore rechi21 rakaona digitalization yayo. Mapuratifomu akaita seChess.com, Lichess uye kusimuka kweinjini dze analytics seStockfish neAlphaZero zvakashandura nzira inotambwa., chess inodzidzwa uye inodzidziswa. Asi shanduko iyi haina kuita gakava.: Is classical chess iri munjodzi yekutsakatika? ¿O, pane kudaro, tekinoroji yakawana izvo FIDE aishuvira mazviri 1924: ita kuti mutambo usvike kupfuura kare?

Mhinduro yacho haisi nyore. Kune rimwe divi, digital chess ine democratized kuwana kumutambo. Hoy, Chero ani ane internet yekubatanidza anogona kutarisana nevatambi vanobva kumativi ese enyika, ongorora mitambo neinjini dzehungwaru dzekugadzira kana kutodzidza kubva kune masters makuru kuburikidza netutorials paYouTube. Chiitiko che The Queen's Gambit, iyo Netflix yakatevedzana iyo mukati 2020 yakaunza chess mune pop tsika, Uyu muenzaniso wakajeka wekuti tekinoroji inogona sei kumutsidzira kufarira mumitambo. Mukati memwedzi, mapuratifomu akaita seChess.com yakashuma kuwedzera kwe 500% muvashandisi vatsva, vazhinji vavo vechidiki vakawana chess yekutenda kune yakatevedzana.

Asi kuwedzera kukurumbira uku kwakaunzawo matambudziko. fast chess, blitz uye bullet (mutambo weminiti imwe kana matatu) vakawana nzvimbo pakurwisa classical chess, apo mutambi wega wega ane awa imwe chete yekufunga nezvemafambiro avo. Vamwe purists vanopokana kuti kumhanya uku kunopira kudzika kwemutambo., kuchidzikisira kumakwikwi emafungiro pane kufunga. Besides, Kushandiswa kweinjini dze chess kuongorora mitambo kwaunza makakatanwa pamusoro pekubiridzira uye chokwadi chemutambo wemunhu.. Ko mutambi anovimba zvakanyanya neAI anogona kuvandudza maitiro ake? Kana kuti tekinoroji iri kutsanangura zvazvinoreva kuva mudzidzisi mukuru?

Chokwadi ndechekuti digital chess haina kunaka kana kuipa pachayo; chombo. Sezvakataurwa mune imwe nyaya nezve Injini dze chess dzakatsanangura sei mutambo, AI yakabvumira vatambi kuti vavandudze hunyanzvi hwavo zvakanyanya, asi zvatimanikidzawo kufunga patsva basa revanhu pabhodhi. Hoy, vadzidzisi vakuru havangokwikwidzani nevamwe vanhu, asiwo pamusoro pemichina inoverenga mamiriyoni ezvinzvimbo pasekondi. Izvi zvakakonzera shanduko mumutambo: Hazvisisiri zvekungobata nemusoro mazaruro, asi kunzwisisa pfungwa dzakadzama, kukudziridza hunyanzvi uye, pamusoro pazvose, dzidza kufunga senyanzvi.

Chess sechishandiso cheshanduko yemagariro

Kupfuura kukwikwidza uye tekinoroji, Chess yakaratidza kuve chishandiso chine simba chekushandura magariro. Munzvimbo umo dzidzo yechikoro yakaganhurirwa kana kuti uko kukakavara kwakasiya mavanga makuru, chess yava utiziro, nzira yekugadzirisa uye kugadzirisa. Kubva mumajeri kuenda kumisasa yevapoteri, achipfuura nemuzvikoro munzvimbo dzine makakatanwa, chess board yaona nyaya dzekusimba, tariro uye shanduko.

Muenzaniso unokurudzira ndeyekushandiswa kwechess mukati muDemocratic Republic of the Congo, uko masangano anoda Chess muSlums Vakashandisa mutambo uyu kugadzirisa vana varwi. Mumamiriro ezvinhu apo mhirizhonga uye kushungurudzika chikamu chehupenyu hwezuva nezuva, chess inopa imwe nzira: inodzidzisa kufunga usati waita, kuronga mazano uye kudzora manzwiro. Zvevana izvi, mutambo wega wega dimikira rehupenyu: pabhodhi, sezvazviri chaizvo, zvisarudzo zvine mhedzisiro, uye shiviriro nechirango zvinogona kuita musiyano pakati pokukundwa nokukunda.

Asi chess haingoshandure hupenyu mumamiriro akanyanya. Muzvikoro pasi rose, Yakava chishandiso chakakosha chekudzidzisa. Nyika dzakaita seArmenia, uko chess chiri chidzidzo chinosungirwa kubvira 2011, vakaratidza kuti kutamba kunovandudza mashandiro edzidzo, kuisa pfungwa uye unyanzvi hwemasvomhu. MuColombia, Semuyenzaniso, iye Isolated Pawn Club yakashandisa chess sechishandiso chekuchinja kwevanhu muMedellín, kudzidzisa vana nevechidiki vanobva munharaunda dzinotambura kuti vafunge zvine hungwaru, kugadzirisa matambudziko uye kushanda seboka. Chess haisi kungovapa basa rinovaka, asiwo zvinovapa pfungwa yekuva vanhu uye kuzviremekedza.

Kunyange mubhizimisi, chess yawana nzvimbo yayo. Makambani akawanda uye akawanda anobatanidza mutambo muzvirongwa zvavo zvekudzidzisa kuvandudza hunyanzvi hwehutungamiriri, kuita sarudzo uye kudzora kushushikana. Sezvakataurwa mune imwe nyaya nezve chess yevakuru vakuru, bhodhi irabhoritari umo zviitiko zvakaoma zvinogona kutevedzerwa, nzira dzekuyedza uye dzidza kubva mukukanganisa pasina mhedzisiro yebhizinesi. Kuvatungamiri, chess dimikira rehupenyu hwehunyanzvi: muzviitiko zvose zviri zviviri, kubudirira kunoenderana nekukwanisa kutarisira mafambiro, gadzirisa kune shanduko uye gara wakadzikama pasi pekumanikidzwa.

Why the 20 Chikunguru ndiro zuva rakakwana rekutanga kutamba chess?

Kana chess mutambo wekare une midzi muIndia, Persia neEurope, uye kana kushanduka kwayo kwakaratidzwa nezviitiko zvenhoroondo, zvemichina uye zvemagariro, why the 20 Chikunguru ndiro zuva rakakodzera kuti ritange? Mhinduro inodarika kuvambwa kweFIDE. Zuva iri kukokwa kwekufungisisa nezve chess inomiririra: mutambo uyo, pasinei nekureruka kwayo kuri pachena, ine udzamu husingagumi.

Kune vanotanga, chess inogona kuita seyakakura. Mitemo iri nyore, asi kugona mutambo kunotora nguva, mwoyo murefu netsika. Zvisinei, iye 20 Chikunguru chiyeuchidzo chekuti chess haisi yehunyanzvi kana nyanzvi chete. Mutambo wemunhu wese: vana, vakuru, vanotanga nevatenzi. Mutambo wega wega mukana wekudzidza chimwe chinhu chitsva, kana kuri kuvhura, zano kana chidzidzo pamusoro pehupenyu. Sezvakataurwa nemudzidzisi mukuru Savielly Tartakower: “Chess inyanzvi inotaridza runako rwepfungwa”.

Besides, Chess ndeimwe yemitambo mishoma isingade mari yakakosha. Bhodhi uye zvimwe zvimedu zvakakwana kuti utange, uye nhasi, nekuda kwehunyanzvi, kwete kunyange izvo zvakafanira. Mapuratifomu emahara seLichess anobvumidza iwe kutamba online, ongorora mitambo uye dzidza kubva kune vamwe vatambi pasina kushandisa kana dime. Izvi zvinoita kuti uve mutambo unowanikwa kune chero munhu., zvisinei nezera rako, murume kana kuti magariro nehupfumi.

Asi pamwe chikonzero chine simba chekutanga kutamba chess ndechekuti 20 yaJuly kugona kwayo kubatanidza vanhu. Munyika iri kuramba ichikamukana, uko misiyano yezvamatongerwe enyika, tsika nemagariro zvinoita sezvisingakundiki, chess inopa nzvimbo yekusangana. Vanhu vaviri vasingatauri mutauro mumwe, vanobva kumarudzi akasiyana-siyana kana vane maonero akasiyana enyika vanogona kugara pamberi pebhodhi uye vachitaurirana kuburikidza nezvidimbu. Chess haitongi; chete mibayiro njere, kusika uye zano.

Remangwana rechess: pakati pechivanhu nekuvandudzwa

Chess yakapona humambo, hondo uye kuchinja kweruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu. Hoy, muzana remakore rechi21, inoramba ichishanduka. Artificial intelligence yakatsanangura patsva miganhu yemitambo, Makwikwi epamhepo akatyora zvipingamupinyi zvenzvimbo uye chess yevakadzi iri kuwana kuzivikanwa kwainokodzera.. Asi, Chess yakananga kupi mumakumi emakore anotevera??

Imwe yeanonyanya kunakidza maitiro ndeye fusion pakati chess uye tekinoroji. Virtual uye augmented chokwadi chinovimbisa kutora mitambo kune mipimo mitsva, kubvumira vatambi kuti vanyure mumabhodhi matatu-dimensional kana kukwikwidza munzvimbo dzinopindirana. Fungidzira makwikwi apo zvidimbu zvinova nehupenyu, uko vatambi vanogona “famba” kutenderedza bhodhi kana uko iyo AI inoita sereferenzi munguva chaiyo. Izvi hazvingoite kuti mutambo wacho uwedzere kukwezva kuzvizvarwa zvitsva, asi yaizovhurawo mikana isingafungidzirwe yedzidzo uye yekurapa.

Imwe maitiro ndeye kukura kwehunyanzvi hwechess. Hoy, madzisekuru haangokwikwidzi chete nekuda kwemazita nemari yemubairo, asi ivowo vanofurira, vagadziri vezvinyorwa uye manhamba enhau. Magnus Carlsen, iye zvino nhamba yekutanga munyika, Uyu muenzaniso wekuti chess inogona sei kudarika bhodhi uye kuva chiitiko chetsika. Matambiro ake ehasha, Charisma yake uye kuvapo pasocial network kwakakurudzira chizvarwa chitsva chevatambi vanoona chess kwete semutambo chete., asi semararamiro.

Asi pamwe dambudziko rakakura re chess mune ramangwana kuchengetedza hunhu hwayo munyika iri kukurumidza kukurumidza.. classic chess, nemitambo yayo refu uye kusimbisa kwayo pakadzika zano, inomhanyisa njodzi yekuendeswa kune nekukurumidza chess uye blitz. Zvisinei, Sechinyorwa pa classic vs kukurumidza chess, ese mafomati anogona kugarisana. Speed ​​​​chess inokwezva vatambi vatsva, nepo classic inoramba iri moyo wemutambo, panogadzirwa vatenzi vechokwadi.

Iye 20 Chikunguru, naizvozvo, Haisi kungopemberera zvekare., asiwo kutarisa kune ramangwana. Icho chiyeuchidzo kuti chess, kupfuura mutambo, Inhaka inopfuudzwa kubva kuchizvarwa kuenda kuchizvarwa., kujairana nenguva pasina kurasikirwa nehunhu hwayo.

Iye World Chess Day Zvinopfuura zuva pakarenda.. Iko kuremekedzwa kumutambo wakabatanidza vanhu kwemazana emakore, izvo zvakadenha pfungwa dzakajeka uye zvakashandura hupenyu munzvimbo dzisingatarisirwe zvakanyanya. Sezvo hwaro hwayo mu 1924, FIDE yakashanda nesimba kuti chess izivikanwe kwete semutambo chete, asi sechishandiso chekudzidzisa, kubatanidzwa nekusimudzira magariro evanhu. Hoy, muzera redhijitari, chess inoramba ichishanduka, asi hunhu hwayo hunoramba hwakasimba: Iwo mutambo wemazano, mwoyo murefu uye hunyanzvi hunodarika miganhu nezvizvarwa.

Kutanga mu chess 20 July hakusi kungodzidzira kufambisa zvidimbu; ndiko kupinda muchadenga umo mutambo wega wega uri chidzidzo, Kukanganisa kwese mukana wekudzidza uye kukunda kwese chiyeuchidzo icho, muhupenyu sekunge pabhodhi, Kufunga zvine hungwaru uye kutsungirira ndiwo makiyi ekubudirira. Kana semutambi wenguva dzose, mukwikwidzi akakomba kana kungofanana nemuoni, chess inopa chimwe chinhu kune wese munhu. Uye munyika iri kuramba ichioma, uko zvisarudzo zvekukurumidza uye kukurumidza kunoratidzika kunge kuri kutonga, chess inotiyeuchidza nezvekukosha kwekumira, funga ugoronga.

saka ichi 20 Chikunguru, Hazvina mhosva kuti uri wekutanga here kana kuti shasha, ungave uchitamba pabhodhi remapuranga kana pachiratidziro chekubata: tora nguva yekupemberera chess. Nokuti zvinopfuura mutambo, Chivoni voni chevanhu, rabhoritari yepfungwa uye, pamusoro pazvose, kukokwa kwekufunga, gadzira uye batanidza.