Ongorora mitambo yako yechess kuti uvandudze: nhungamiro inoshanda

Chess haisi mutambo wezvimedu pabhodhi; Chivoni voni chepfungwa dzemunhu, murabhoritari apo ndangariro, the strategy uye introspection pindirana mukutamba kwenjere. Mutambo wese wakatambwa, kungava kukunda kunokuvadza kana kukundwa kunonyadzisa, Inobata zvidzidzo zvakavanzwa zvinongobuda kana tashinga kuzvitsemura zvakasimba.. Zvisinei, Vatambi vazhinji — kunyangwe vane makore eruzivo — vanoita mhosho huru.: Vanodzokorora zvikanganiso zvavo pasina kuongorora chikonzero. Maitiro ekushandura kuongororwa kwemutambo kuita chishandiso chaicho chekuvandudza? Mhinduro haisi yokuziva nomusoro mazaruro kana kuti kutevedzera vadzidzisi vakuru, asi kugadzira nzira inoshandura mafambiro ega ega kuita a mhinduro kuziva, mukana wekurodza maonero uye kugadzirisa kusarura.

Ngano yendangariro yakakwana: sei kurangarira kusina kukwana

Pane kutenda kwakadzika midzi munyika yechess: kunaka ikoko kunotsamira pandangariro dzinoshamisa, inokwanisa kuchengetedza zviuru zvemhando dzakasiyana uye kuvhurwa. Zvisinei, kushushikana uku nemusoro es, muzviitiko zvakawanda, chipingamupinyi chinovanza seunhu. Sezvakaongororwa muchinyorwa pa 10 zvikanganiso zvendangariro zvinononotsa chess yako, dambudziko harisi kugona kurangarira, asi kusakwanisa zvine hunyanzvi kukanganwa. Grandmasters havachengete mutambo wega wega se static faira; zviparadze kuita mapatani, misimboti uye zvikanganiso zvinodzokororwa. Semuyenzaniso, Magnus Carlsen, mukusvika kwake inoshanda chess, inokoshesa kunzwisisa kwenzvimbo pane kuunganidza data. Hunyanzvi hwake huri pakuziva, mumasekonzi, ndeupi ruzivo rwakakosha uye chii ruzha.

Nhanho yekutanga yekuongorora mitambo yako haisi yekudzokorora mafambiro ega ega neinjini ye chess, asi zvibvunze: Ndeipi musimboti wandakatyora apa??. Ko yaive miscalculation here, kutarisisa kwehungwaru kana kusatarisisa kwenzvimbo? ndangariro, muchirevo chechinyorwa chino, hausi magumo, asi nzira yekuziva mapatani. Ongororo kubva kuYunivhesiti yeOxford yakaratidza kuti vatambi vakanyora zvikanganiso zvavo pa “mutambo diary” vakavandudza a 30% nekukurumidza kudarika avo vakangotamba vasina kufungisisa. Chinokosha ndechekushandura ndangariro kuita a early warning system, kwete mune inert data store.

Nzira nhatu dzenhanho: tactic, zano uye psychology

Kuongorora mutambo kunoda nhanho-nhanho nzira, zvakafanana nemaziviro anoita chiremba chirwere: zviratidzo kutanga (tactic), zvino zvikonzero (strategy) uye pakupedzisira mamiriro ezvinhu (psychology). Vazhinji vatambi vanomira padanho rekutanga, kunetseka nekutsvaga kufamba “zvakakwana” izvo zvaizovapa mukana. Asi chess, sehupenyu, kashoma kupa mubayiro kukwana; mubayiro we kuchinjika.

• Tactical level: Apa ndipo panopenya chess engines. Zvishandiso zvakaita seStockfish kana Leela Chess Zero zvinogona kuona zvakakanganisika-pini yakarasika, cheki yakafuratirwa kaviri-asi kubatsira kwayo kunogumira kana isina kurongeka. Semuyenzaniso, kurasikirwa nembavha mukuvhura kunogona kuve kukanganisa kwehunyanzvi, asi kuoma kwayo kunoenderana nehurongwa hwehurongwa. Chidhori ichocho chaiva kuzvipira nemaune here kuti uwane basa?, kana kuti kutarisisa kwakasadzikamisa chinzvimbo? Sezvo chinyorwa pa Injini dze chess dzakatsanangura sei mutambo, AI ine democratized kuwana kune zvakadzama kuongorora, asi yakagadzirawo kutsamira kune ngozi. Mutambi anovimba nehupofu mumainjini anorasikirwa nekugona zvifunge.
• Strategic level: Uhwu ndihwo humambo hwezvirongwa zvenguva refu, uko chess inova mutambo wechess y mumutambo wekushivirira. Here, Ongororo yacho inofanira kupindura mibvunzo yakadai: Ndechipi chinzvimbo chandiri kutsvaga?? Ndezvipi zvidimbu zvinotsigirana neni uye ndezvipi vavengi vangu??. Chikanganiso chinowanzoitwa kuongorora nzvimbo chete nezvinhu, tichiregeredza zvinhu zvakadai secentre control, pawn structure kana chidimbu chiitiko. Semuyenzaniso, mumutambo unozivikanwa pakati peCapablanca naAlekhine mukati 1927, Iyo Cuban yakasiya mhando kuti iwane danho rakakura, kuratidza kuti zano rinowanzo kurira mazano. Iyi nhanho inoda a mutauro wenzvimbo, kugona ku “file” bhodhi semepu yemikana uye kutyisidzira.
• psychological level: chess ndizvo, kutanga kwazvose, kurwisana pakati pepfungwa mbiri. Psychology inokanganisa sarudzo dzese, kubva pakuvhura sarudzo kusvika pakubata nguva. Wakaregerei mutambo iwoyo pachine mukana wekudhirowa?? Sei wakatanga kurwisa kune njodzi kana dziviriro yakasimba yaive yakakwana?? Sezvakaongororwa mu zvikanganiso zvepfungwa mu chess, zvinhu zvakadai sokunyanya kuzvivimba, Kutya munhu anokwikwidzana naye kana kuti wachi kunogona kukanganisa maonero. Nzira inoshanda yedanho iri kurekodha mitambo yako uye kuiongorora chinyararire, kuteerera kumutauro wemuviri wako uye manzwiro anomuka munguva dzakaoma. Introspection pano haisi yeumbozha; chinhu chinodiwa.

Simba re “nokuti”: kushandura kukanganisa kuita zvidzidzo

Kuongorora kwepamusoro”Ndakarasika nekuti ndakanganisa”- hazvina maturo. Chii chinoshandura kukundwa kuita kukura ndiwo mubvunzo nokuti?, inodzokororwa semantra kusvika tasvika pamudzi wedambudziko. Fungidzira kuti mumutambo unorasikirwa nabhishopi nekuda kwepini. Iye “kuti” zviri pachena: hauna kuona kutyisidzira. Asi iye “nokuti” inogona kuburitsa zvidimbu zvakadzika:

• Ko yaive miscalculation here? Pamwe hauna kufunga nezvese zvakasiyana.
• Kwaiva kusiririsa here? Zvimwe wakarerutsa basa rezvimedu zvemukwikwidzi.
• Yaive kukanganisa kuronga here? Wakanga wakaisa pfungwa dzako pakurwisa kwako zvokuti wakafuratira dziviriro yomuvengi wako here??

Iyi nzira ye deconstruction Zvakafanana nezvinoshandiswa nemasayendisiti kuongorora kuedza kwakakundikana. Sokutsanangura kunoita nyaya chess nesayenzi, mutambo uyu muenzaniso wakaderedzwa wekuita sarudzo dzevanhu, uko kufamba kwega kwega ifungidziro uye mutambo wega wega, an experiment. Musiyano uripo pakati peamateur uye mutambi wepamusoro hausi huwandu hwekukanganisa kwavanoita., asi kugona kwako kudzidza kubva kwavari.

Chiitwa chinoshanda ndicho “girazi kuongorora”: mushure mekuongorora mutambo, edza kutamba zvinzvimbo zvakafanana uchirwisa injini kana mupikisi, asi panguva ino ndichishandisa zvandakadzidza. Kana iwe ukaona kuti kukanganisa kwako kwanga kusiri kudzivirira flank isina simba, tarisa pakusimbisa icho chikamu mumitambo inotevera. Kuziva kudzokororwa ndiamai vehunyanzvi.

Gangaidzo renguva: nei kuongorora zvishoma kungave kunobudirira

Muzera rekukurumidza, Vatambi vazhinji vanowira mumusungo wekuongorora mutambo wega wega kwemaawa, yakazara nemashoko pasina kuigadzirisa. Zvisinei, Zvidzidzo muNeuroscience zvinoratidza kuti uropi hwemunhu hunochengeta pfungwa zviri nani kana yakadzidzidza zvidiki uye zvakaparadzana mishonga. Imwe nzira inobudirira ndeyekutsaurira 15-20 maminitsi pamutambo, asi nelaser focus:

1. Ziva nguva yakaoma: Haasi mutambo wese unofanirwa nechiyero chakafanana chekuongorora. Wana poindi iyo ongororo yakachinja zvakanyanya (Semuyenzaniso, pawakabva panzvimbo yakasungirirwa kuenda kune yakarasika).
2. Bvunza “chii chaizoitika dai…?”: Shandisa injini kuongorora zvimwe zvakasiyana, asi usangotevedzera mazano avo. edza kunzwisisa nokuti iyo mota inosarudza imwe kufamba pane imwe.
3. Nyora mhedziso: Nyora mutsara unopfupikisa chidzidzo. Semuyenzaniso: “Munzvimbo dzakavharwa, koshesa basa reshongwe pane zvinhu”. Ichi chiitiko chinomanikidza uropi hwako kugadzira ruzivo.

Iyi nzira, rakafuridzirwa nemaitiro e chess mumakambani, uko nguva iri chitubu chinoshomeka, inoratidza kuti kunaka kwekuongorora kunokosha kupfuura huwandu. Besides, nekuganhurira nguva, iwe unodzivisa kuneta kwekuziva, muvengi anyerere anoputira kutonga.

Kuongorora sechiito chekugadzira: kunze kweinjini

Chess injini zvishandiso zvine simba, asi vanogonawo kuva mubatsiri. Kana mutambi achitsamira pavari chete, anorasikirwa nekugona imagine, kuongorora pfungwa dzine njodzi kana kuvandudza maitiro ako. chess, muhunhu hwayo, inyanzvi, uye saizvozvo, zvinoda unyanzvi. Muenzaniso weparadigmatic ndewaRudolf Spielmann, iye “yekupedzisira yerudo” chess, ndiani akazvidzivirira “chibayiro chakanaka ndechimwe chisiri chakarurama, asi yakanaka kwazvo zvokuti haigoni kurambwa”. Maonero ako, analysed in chinyorwa ichi, inosiyana nekutonhora uye kuverenga maitiro emazuva ano.

Kukudziridza hunyanzvi uhu, edza chiitwa chinotevera: mushure mekuongorora mutambo neinjini, sunungura uye tamba chinzvimbo chimwechete uchirwisa munhu anokwikwidza kana kurwisa iwe pachako, asi panguva ino vachikurambidza kudzokorora mafambiro ataurwa nejini. Zvimanikidzire kuongorora dzimwe nzira, kunyange kana zvichiita sezvisina musoro. Iyi nzira haingorodze intuition yako chete, asi zvakare inokubatsira iwe kuwana yako chess inzwi, iyo yakasarudzika maitiro inokusiyanisa kubva kune vamwe.

Mhedziso: bhodhi segirazi

Kuongorora mitambo yako hakusi kuita zvekuzvishora, asi chiito che kuzviziva. Kukanganisa kwese, kubudirira kwese, Nguva yega yega yekusahadzika inoratidza chimwe chinhu nezvenzira yako yekufunga, kunzwa uye kutarisana nematambudziko. chess, mupfungwa iyi, zviri a girazi rekunyarara kwevanhu, nzvimbo iyo mazwi asingakodzeri uye zvisarudzo chete zvine basa. ndangariro, Strategy uye psychology haisi hunyanzvi hwega; Iwo mativi epfungwa dzakafanana mukushanduka-shanduka nguva dzose.

Nguva inotevera paunopedza mutambo, usaite semhedzisiro iri nyore. Ritore segwaro rinoera, izere nezviratidzo nezvakavanzika zvinoreva. zvibvunze: Mutambo uyu wakandidzidzisei nezvangu?? Ndeapi maitiro anodzokororwa mukukanganisa kwangu? Ndoita sei kuti kukundwa uku kuve nhanho yekuenda mberi?. Nokuti mu chess, sezvakaita muhupenyu, kufambira mberi kwechokwadi hakuyerwi mukukunda, asi mukukwanisa kudzidza kubva kune rimwe nerimwe sangano, kunyangwe kubva kune avo vanotitungamira kuti titarise.