Chess mukukonana: mutambo unobatanidza vana veIsrael nePalestine

Munyika umo kunetsana kwezvematongerwo enyika kunoratidzika kunge kunoparadzanisa vanhu kusvika pakadzika, Pane nzvimbo iyo vana veIsrael nePalestine vanogona kusangana vasina mireza kana miganhu: chess board. Uyu mutambo wekare, zvinopfuura kungozvivaraidza, razova zambuko rokufananidzira pakati pokunetsana, kuratidza izvozvo kunyangwe mumamiriro ezvinhu akashata, vanhu vanogona kuwana mapoinzi ekubatanidza. Asi, Chess inodarika sei zvipingamupinyi zvekukonana? Ndezvipi zvidzidzo zverugare, kusimba uye kunzwira tsitsi zvinogona kutorwa kubva muzviitiko zvakagoverwa izvi? Kuburikidza nenyaya chaidzo, zvipupuriro uye kuongorora kwepfungwa, Isu tichaongorora kuti chess haingodzidzisi sei zano, asiwo kukwanisa kuona vamwe kupfuura stereotype. Kubva kumakwikwi e-inter-community kuenda kune zvirongwa zvekudzidzisa zvinopikisa rusaruro, Ichi chinyorwa chinoongorora simba rekushandura remutambo uyo, munguva dzehondo, inova chiito chekudzivisa murunyararo.

Chess semutauro wepasi rose munzvimbo dzemakakatanwa

chess, nemitemo yayo chaiyo uye symmetrical chimiro, inoshanda semutauro usingade kushandura. Mumatunhu akadai seIsrael nePalestine, uko nhaurirano dzezvamatongerwe enyika nedzenzanga dzinowanzozadzwa nokusavimbana, Mutambo uyu unopa chimiro chisina kwazvakarerekera apo vatori vechikamu vanogona kupindirana pasina nhoroondo kana mitoro yepfungwa inowanzofukidza dzimwe nzvimbo.. Zvidzidzo mucognitive psychology, zvakafanana nezvakaitwa Institute for the Study of Conflict Shanduko, kurudzira kuti mitambo yehurongwa iite nzvimbo dzehuropi dzine chekuita nekunzwira tsitsi uye kutora maonero, unyanzvi hwakakosha hwekugadzirisa kusawirirana.

Mumaguta akaita seJerusarema kana Hebroni, uko kunetsana kunonzwika, masangano akadai Chess4Peace vakaita zvirongwa zvinounza pamwechete vana vanobva kumativi maviri emakakatanwa. Iyi misangano haitsvaki kufuratira misiyano, asi kugadzira nzvimbo apo mitemo yemutambo—uye kwete iyo yoruvengo—inoraira kumhanya kwokudyidzana. Semuyenzaniso, mumakwikwi akarongwa mukati 2022 muguta reRamallah, Vana veIsrael nePalestine vaitamba mitambo vari mhuri dzavo, pakutanga haana chokwadi, Vakatarisa vari pazvigaro. Zvakatanga semutambo zvakapedzisira zvave basa rekuvimbana., uko vatori vechikamu vakadzidza izvozvo, kunze kwenyaya dzezvematongerwo enyika, munhu wose anogovera chido chokukunda, asiwo kuremekedza mitemo.

Zvisinei, chess haisi yemashiripiti mhinduro. Kubudirira kwayo kunoenderana nemashandisirwo azvinoitwa. Zvirongwa zvisina kugadzirwa zvakanaka zvinogona kuwira mukati tokenismo, uko misangano inoderedzwa kuva miitiro yokufananidzira isina tapuro chaiyoiyo. Kunzvenga izvi, zvirongwa zvinobudirira zvinosanganisa kutamba nemawekishopu enhaurirano, uko vana vanofungisisa nezvezviitiko zvavo pabhodhi uye kuti izvi zvinoenderana sei nehupenyu hwavo kunze kwayo. Saka, chess inova dimikira rinobatika rekutaurirana, kushivirira uye kutonga kwemanzwiro, maturusi akakosha ekufambisa kukonana kuti, muzviitiko zvakawanda, vagara nhaka vasina kusarudza.

Kubva kune vakwikwidzi kusvika kune vaunoshanda navo: kuti chess inotsanangura sei hukama

Rimwe rematambudziko makuru munharaunda dzemakakatanwa kuderedzwa kweumwe. Vezvenhau, Rondedzero dzezvematongerwo enyika uye kunyangwe nhaurirano dzemazuva ese dzinowanzo dzikisa maIsrael nePalestine kune zviri nyore stereotypes.: iye “mudzvanyiriri” uye “vakadzvinyirirwa”, iye “gandanga” uye “colonist”. chess, nekuda kuti vatambi vagare vakatarisana, tyora simba iri. Kana mwana wePalestine nemwana weIsrael vachigovana bhodhi, Vanomira kuva zviratidzo vova vanhu vane mazita., mazano uye, pamusoro pazvose, manzwiro.

Mucherechedzo wenyaya ndewe Mohammed naDaniel, vechidiki vaviri vakasangana pamutambo muTel Aviv. Mohammed, East Jerusalem Palestine, Akauya kuchiitiko aine pfungwa yekuti vese veIsrael vaive vakaenzana: varwi kana vapambi. Dhanieri, nokuda kwake, Ndakanga ndakura ndichinzwa kuti maPalestine aiva tyisidziro. Panguva yekusimuka kwako, Mohammed akaita chikanganiso chehunyanzvi chakamusiya ari parumananzombe. Pane kuzvirumbidza, Dhanieri akamupa zano: “Kana ukaendesa bhishopu wako pano, unogona kuzvidzivirira zviri nani”. chiito ichocho, sezviri pachena idiki, akachinja maonero aMuhammad. “Ndaisatarisira kuti muchandibatsira”, akazobvuma hake. “Ndaifunga kuti ndaida kutunda chete”.

Zvakaitika seizvi zvinoratidza kuti chess haingodzidzisi iwe kufunga akati wandei kumberi, asiwo kutarisira manzwiro emumwe. Muchirevo chekurwisana, apo chisimba chinowanzoitwa pakarepo, Kudzidza kuverenga vavariro dzemupikisi wako-pasina kufunga zvakanyanya-inyanzvi yekuchinja.. Masangano akadai PeacePlayers International, uyo akachinja nzira yake yebasketball kuita chess, vakanyora kuti kusangana uku kunoderedza sei kushushikana uye ruvengo muvatori vechikamu. Chidzidzo chakaburitswa mu Chinyorwa cheKugadzirisa Kusawirirana mu 2021 vakawana kuti vana vakapinda mucross-community chess zvirongwa vakaratidza a 30% kunyanya kuda kusangana ne “zvimwe” zvichienzaniswa nemapoka ekudzora.

Asi shanduko chaiyo inoitika kana kusangana uku kunopfuura bhodhi. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, Vana vanosangana pamakwikwi vanopedzisira vashanyira dzimba dzevavaridzi vavo, kugovana chikafu uye kuwana izvozvo, kunze kwekusiyana kwezvematongerwo enyika, Vanogovana zvavanofarira mumimhanzi, mitambo yemavhidhiyo kana kunyange timu yenhabvu pachayo. Idzi nguva dzezvakajairwa dzinopidigura mumamiriro ezvinhu apo hunhu hunowanzo siyana.

Chess semudziyo wekudzidzisa: kudzidzisa rugare mudzimba dzekudzidzira

Kana chess inogona kunge iri zambuko pakati penharaunda dziri kunetsana, Kugona kwayo semudziyo wekudzidzisa kunotonyanya kuvimbisa. Muzvikoro muIsrael nePalestine, uko zvidzidzo zvinowanzozara nenganonyorwa dzemunyika, Chess yakabatanidzwa sechidzidzo chinodzidzisa hunyanzvi hwekuziva uye hwemagariro pasina kupinda mumagakava ezvematongerwo enyika. The International Chess Federation (FIDE) yakasimudzira zvirongwa zvakaita se Chess muZvikoro, izvo hazvisi kungovandudza mashandiro edzidzo — zvidzidzo muSpain neTürkiye zvakabatanidza chess nemhedzisiro iri nani mumasvomhu nekuverenga—, asi vanosimudzirawo hunhu hwakaita seruremekedzo, mwoyo murefu uye kutsungirira.

MuIsrael guta reSderot, makiromita mashoma kubva kuGaza Strip, chikoro ORT Sderot akaita chirongwa che chess mushure mekurwiswa kwe rocket 2021. Vadzidzisi vakazviona kuti vana, vazhinji vavo vane zviratidzo zvekushungurudzika kwepashure, Vakawana mumutambo nzvimbo yekutonga pakati pemhirizhonga. “paunotamba chess, unoziva kuti kana ukarasikirwa, Hakusi kuti mumwe munhu akupfura., asi nokuti wakakanganisa”, mumwe mudzidzisi akatsanangura. “Izvi zvinovapa pfungwa yekuzvisarudzira yavasina mune zvimwe zvinhu zvehupenyu hwavo.”.

Kudivi rePalestine, Zvikoro muWest Bank zvakatora chess sechikamu chenzira yekudzidzisa inonzi dzidzo yerugare. Muguta reNablus, sangano Palestinian Chess Federation inoshanda nevadzidzisi kugadzira zvidzidzo uko chess inoshandiswa kukurukura nyaya dzakaita senhaurirano, kuzvipira uye kukosha kwekufunga usati waita. Semuyenzaniso, mukirasi, Vadzidzi vanoongorora mitambo yenhoroondo - yakadai saBobby Fischer achipesana naBoris Spassky muna 1972 - uye vanopokana kuti kusawirirana kwezvematongerwo enyika pakati peUnited States neUSSR kwakaratidzwa sei mubhodhi.. Zvadaro, shandisa zvidzidzo izvozvo kumamiriro ezvinhu ezuva nezuva, kugadzirisa kusawirirana muchikoro.

Dambudziko, zvisinei, ndeyekuyera zvirongwa izvi pasina kurasikirwa nehunhu hwavo. Mumamiriro ezvinhu apo dzidzo inowanzova ideological battlefield, Vamwe vabereki nezviremera vanoona chess nekunyumwira. “Sei tichidzidzisa vana vedu kutamba nemuvengi?”, vakabvunza vamwe baba vokuPalestine pagungano rechikoro. Mhinduro yevadzidzisi yakajeka: hazvisi zvekutamba con muvengi, asi kudzidza kutamba zvisinei zvemisiyano. chess, mupfungwa iyi, Haisi magumo pachayo, asi nzira yekukudziridza pfungwa dzinotsoropodza dzinokwanisa kubvunza nganonyorwa dzeruvengo.

Miganhu yechess: apo bhodhi harina kukwana

Pasinei nekukwanisa kwayo, chess haisi panacea. Mukurwisana kwakadzika midzi seIsrael-Palestine, uko maronda ezvakaitika kare uye kusaruramisira kwegadziriro kunopfuurira, mutambo haugone kugadzirisa matambudziko anoda mhinduro dzezvematongerwo enyika. Vatsoropodzi vezvirongwa izvi vanotaura izvozvo, pazvakanakisa, chess inopa kuzorora kwenguva pfupi, asi haigadzirisi zvikonzero zvekukonana: basa racho, misha, kuvharirwa kweGaza kana kushomeka kwePalestine State.

Muenzaniso une mufananidzo ndewe Vana, musikana wekuPalestine 12 makore akapinda mumakwikwi muHaifa. Kunyangwe aifarira kutamba nevana veIsrael, vachidzokera kumusha kumusasa wevapoteri muWest Bank, chokwadi chakamubaya zvakanyanya: baba vake vakanga vasungwa nehondo yeIsraeri pasina mhosva, uye mukoma wake akanga akuvara mukuratidzira. “Ko zvinobatsirei kuhwina pachesi kana ndikatadza kuhwina muhupenyu??”, Akabvunza mai vake. Uchapupu uhu hunoratidza chokwadi chisingafadzi: chess inogona kudzidzisa kufunga, asi haigoni kushandura mitemo yemutambo wezvematongerwo enyika uyo, kune vakawanda, yakavharwa kubva pakutanga.

Besides, Pane njodzi yekuti zvirongwa izvi zvichashandiswa. Hurumende kana vatsigiri vepasi rese vanogona kuzvishandisa kuratidza mufananidzo we “paz” pasina kuzvipira kune shanduko chaidzo. In 2019, chirevo che Human Rights Watch vakashoropodza mamwe maNGOs kuronga misangano pakati pevana veIsrael nePalestine asi vachifuratira kutyorwa kwekodzero dzevanhu munzvimbo dzakatorwa.. “Haukwanise kutaura nezverunyararo kana paine vana vekuPalestine vasingakwanisi kuenda kuchikoro nekuda kwenzvimbo dzekutarisa”, mumwe murwiri akanyevera.

Izvi hazvirevi kuti chess inofanira kusiiwa, asi inofanira kukwaniswa nezviito zvinobatika. Mamwe masangano, as Varwi veRugare, Vanosanganisa chess nemadanidziro ezvematongerwo enyika, kushandisa nyaya dzevana kusundidzira shanduko kumitemo yebasa. Vamwe, as Hand in Hand, Vanobatanidza chess muzvikoro zvemitauro miviri uko maIsrael nemaPalestine vanodzidza pamwechete, kuratidza kuti kugarisana kunogoneka kana paine chido chezvematongerwo enyika.

chess, saka, Icho chishandiso chine simba, asi zvishoma. Kukosha kwayo kwechokwadi kuri mukukwanisa kwayo kudyara mhodzi dzetsitsi muzvizvarwa zviduku., asi mbeu idzi dzichabudirira chete kana dzikawana ivhu rakaorera. Mukukonana uko kuita kwese kwerunyararo kunosangana nekupokana, chess inopa tariro ine mwero: uyo uyo, kunyange munguva dzerima guru, pane nzvimbo yekufambisa chidimbu uye kushandura mafambiro emutambo.

Mhedziso: muchengeti weruvengo

Chess munguva dzekupokana haisi mhinduro yemashiripiti, asi dimikira rine simba rekuti rugare rungava chii: mutambo umo mitemo yakajeka, uko kufamba kwese kune mhedzisiro uye kupi, pakupedzisira, chakakosha hakusi kukunda chete, asi kutamba nechiremera. Munyaya ino yose, taona vana veIsrael nePalestine, akaparadzaniswa nemadziro chaiwo uye nhoroondo dzeruvengo, Vanowana nzvimbo pabhodhi pavanogona kunge vari izvo: vana. Kwete masoja, kwete vanyajambwa, kwete zviratidzo zvekukonana kwavasina kusarudza, asi vanoronga, vakwikwidzi uye, dzimwe nguva, shamwari.

Zvisinei, chess inotiyeuchidzawo nezvemiganhu yayo. Haikwanise kumisa bara, kana kukoromora rusvingo, kana kudzorera nyika kuna vakarashikirwa nayo. Simba raro riri mune chimwe chinhu chisingaoneki: kukwanisa kuita mumwe munhu. Kana mwana wePalestine uye mwana weIsrael achigara pamberi pebhodhi, Vanorega kuva vavengi kuti vave vanhu vaviri vanogoverana chishuvo chimwe chokukunda., kuvhiringidzika kumwe chete kana watarisana nekukanganisa uye mufaro wakafanana kana watarisana nekutamba kunopenya. Mumamiriro ezvinhu apo dehumanization chombo chehondo, chiito chiri nyore ichi chimurenga.

Asi chidzidzo chinonyanya kukosha chinosiya chess ndechekuti rugare harisi remangwana, asi maitiro. Mutambo wega wega mukana wekudzidzira kushivirira, kutaurirana nekuremekedzana, unyanzvi kuti, kana vakura, inogona kupfuura bhodhi. Dambudziko nderekuyera zviitiko izvi pasina kurasikirwa nehunhu hwazvo, kuvabatanidza muzvirongwa zvedzidzo nemitemo yeruzhinji inoisa pamberi pekugara pamwe chete pane kupatsanurana. Sekutaura kwasekuru Garry Kasparov: “Chess hupenyu mudiki”. MuIsrael nePalestine, uko upenyu hunoratidzwa nekukonana, chess inopa miniature yezvingave: mutambo umo munhu wese ane mikana yakafanana, apo mitemo yakarurama uye kupi, pakupedzisira, Chinokosha hachisi chokuti ndiani anokunda, asi kuti yaitambwa sei.

Pamwe, saka, muchengeti wechokwadi haapikisane neanokwikwidza, asi pamusoro poruvengo. uye mumutambo iwoyo, Mwana wese anosarudza kufambisa chimedu pane kuvaka madziro anokunda..