Zinsinsi za Chess zomwe ochepa amadziwa

Chess ndi masewera akale omwe asangalatsa anthu mamiliyoni ambiri padziko lonse lapansi.. Ngakhale malamulo oyambira amadziwika ndi ambiri, pali njira, Zobisika machenjerero ndi mfundo zimene osewera apamwamba kwambiri mbuye. Zili choncho “malamulo achinsinsi” Sapezeka m'mabuku achikhalidwe, koma amatha kupanga kusiyana pakati pa masewera ang'onoang'ono ndi chigonjetso chanzeru. Kuchokera kumalingaliro amalingaliro mpaka kutseguka kosagwirizana, kupyola mu zolakwa zofala zomwe ngakhale aphunzitsi apamwamba amapanga, Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza za chidziwitso chomwe sichimagawidwa kawirikawiri. Ngati mukuganiza kuti chess ikungosuntha zidutswa pa bolodi, Konzekerani kupeza chilengedwe cha nuances chomwe chingasinthe momwe mumasewerera.

Mphamvu ya psychology pa bolodi

Chess si masewera chabe amalingaliro, komanso maganizo. Osewera ambiri amachepetsa mphamvu ya psychology pamasewera awo, Koma aphunzitsi akuluakulu amadziwa kuti kuwongolera malingaliro ndi kuwongolera malingaliro a mdani kungakhale kotsimikizika ngati kusuntha mwanzeru.. M'modzi mwa “malamulo achinsinsi” zothandiza kwambiri ndi zodabwitsa zotsatira. Sewerani kutsegula kwachilendo, ngati Chitetezo cha Scandinavia o kuti Mbalame ya Apertura, akhoza kusokoneza wotsutsa wozolowera mizere yayikulu. Izi sizimangokukakamizani kuganiza kuyambira pachiyambi, komanso amadzutsa kukaikira za kukonzekera kwawo.

Njira ina yamaganizo ndi liwiro lamasewera. Kusintha dala nthawi yomwe imafunika kuti musunthe kungapangitse chidaliro cha mdani wanu.. Mwachitsanzo, Kuyankha mwachangu m'malo ovuta kungapangitse mdani wanu kukhulupirira kuti muli ndi chidaliro pa mwayi wanu., ngakhale sichoncho. M'malo mwake, kutenga nthawi yochulukirapo kuposa nthawi zonse pamayendedwe osavuta kungayambitse kusatsimikizika. Komabe, Njira imeneyi iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala., popeza kuchedwa kwambiri kungavumbulutse kusatetezeka.

Pomaliza, iye chilankhulo cha thupi imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri. Kupeŵa kusonyeza kukhumudwa pamene talakwitsa zinazake kapena kukhala wodekha kungapereke lingaliro lonyenga la kudzikweza.. osewera ena, monga ngwazi wakale wapadziko lonse lapansi Vladimir Kramnik, Iwo anali akatswiri pobisa mmene akumvera, zomwe zinawalola kuti apitirizebe kukakamiza omenyana nawo ngakhale pa maudindo ofanana.

Zotsegula zomwe zimaphwanya nkhungu

Osewera ambiri amaphunzira mipata yapamwamba ngati Ruy Lopez o kuti Chitetezo cha Sicilian, koma pali mizere yocheperako yomwe ingakhale yothandiza, ngati sichoncho. Zotsegulira izi “chinsinsi” Iwo samangodabwitsa wopikisana naye, koma amathanso kutsogolera kumalo omwe wotsutsa amamva kuti sali bwino. Chimodzi mwa izo ndi Apertura Grob (1.g4), amaganiziridwa ndi ambiri ngati “fea” kapena ngakhale zolakwika. Komabe, osewera ngati Hikaru Nakamura Agwiritsa ntchito m'masewera ofulumira kuti asokoneze opikisana nawo, kutsimikizira kuti mphamvu yake yagona mosayembekezereka.

Kutsegula kwina kosazolowereka ndiko Chitetezo cha Owen (1.ndi 4 b6), amene amakonza fianchetto kuchokera kwa bishopu wa mfumukazi. Ngakhale sizolimba monga chitetezo china, Kusowa kwake kumapangitsa kukhala koopsa m'manja mwa wosewera wopanga. Cholinga sikupambana masewero potsegulira, koma kuti mufike pamasewera apakati pomwe wotsutsa sadziwa bwino zomwe zimatsatira. Izi zimakakamiza wotsutsa kuti adziganizire yekha m'malo modalira chiphunzitso..

Nkhani yosangalatsa ndi ya Apertura Sokolsky (1.b4), amadziwikanso kuti “Kutsegula kwa Orangutan”. Ngakhale si theoretically wamphamvu, Phindu lake liri mu kusinthasintha komwe kumapereka. Pawn pa b4 ikhoza kuthandizira patsogolo pa c5 kapena d4, ndipo bishopu wa mfumukazi amatha kukula mwachangu mpaka b2, kuyika pressure pakati. Osewera amakonda Richard Report Agwiritsa ntchito kutsegulira uku kuti achoke panjira yomenyedwa ndikupanga malo osinthika kuyambira pachiyambi.

Zolakwa Zomwe Aphunzitsi Amapanga

Ngakhale aphunzitsi apamwamba amalakwitsa, koma chomwe chimasiyanitsa zabwino kwambiri ndi kuthekera kwawo kuzichepetsa. Chimodzi mwa zolakwika zambiri ndi kukhala ndi chiyembekezo. M'malo oyenera, osewera ambiri amafuna kusokoneza masewerawo m'malo mokhazikika kwa kukoka. Izi zingayambitse kudzipereka kosafunikira kapena kunyalanyaza ziwopsezo za opikisana nawo.. Chitsanzo tingachipeze powerenga ndi masewera pakati Magnus Carlsen y Viswanathan Anand pa World Championship 2014, ku anand, m'malo ofanana, adayesetsa kukakamiza chigonjetso ndipo pamapeto pake adaluza.

Cholakwika china chofala ndi kusanthula kwachiphamaso. Mu chess yamakono, kumene nthawi ili yochepa, osewera ambiri amadalira mwachilengedwe chawo m'malo kuwerengetsa zosiyanasiyana zakuya. Zimenezi zingakhale zoopsa, makamaka m'malo mwaukadaulo. Nkhani yotchuka ndi ya Garry Kasparov mumasewera ake motsutsana Deep Blue mu 1997, pomwe adachepetsa kusinthika kwaukadaulo komanso kutayika kwazinthu. Zimene tikuphunzirapo n’zomveka: Ngakhale zabwino kwambiri ziyenera kuyang'ana mawerengedwe awo, makamaka m'malo ovuta.

Pomaliza, iye kutsimikiza mtima Ndi vuto lamalingaliro lomwe limakhudza osewera amisinkhu yonse. Izi zimachitika pamene wosewera mpira amatengeka ndi lingaliro ndikungoyang'ana zomwe zimatsimikizira., kunyalanyaza njira zabwinoko. Mwachitsanzo, Ngati wosewera akukhulupirira kuti ali ndi mwayi wapamalo, akhoza kunyalanyaza kuukira kwa mdani. Kupewa izi, Ndikofunikira kukhala ndi malingaliro otseguka ndikuganizira zosankha zonse, ngakhale zomwe zimawoneka zotsutsana ndi njira yoyamba.

Ntchito ya prophylaxis: ganizani ngati wopikisana naye

Imodzi mwamaluso apamwamba kwambiri mu chess ndi prophylaxis, lingaliro loyambitsidwa ndi mbuye wamkulu Aaron Nimzowitsch m’buku lake Zimandikonza. Prophylaxis imakhala ndi kuyembekezera zolinga za mdaniyo ndikuzisokoneza zisanachitike.. Izi zimapitilira kungochita kusuntha kwa mdani.; Kumaphatikizapo kumvetsa zolinga zanu ndi kuchitapo kanthu. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mdani akukonzekera kuukira mfumu, wosewera wa prophylactic amatha kulimbikitsa malowo kapena kuyambitsa kuwukira kumbali ya queenside kuti asokoneze chidwi chawo..

Chitsanzo chothandiza cha prophylaxis ndikunyamuka pakati Anatoly Karpov y Garry Kasparov pa World Championship 1985. Karpov, amadziwika ndi kalembedwe kake ka prophylactic, amayembekezera mapulani a Kasparov ndikuletsa kupita patsogolo kwake kusanachitike. Izi sizinangomulola kuti azilamulira masewerawo, komanso adakhumudwitsa Kasparov, amene sanathe kupeza njira yomveka yopezera phindu.

Kugwiritsa ntchito prophylaxis, Ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa masomphenya ozungulira pa bolodi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti musamangoganizira za zidutswa zokha, komanso kwa omwe akupikisana nawo. Nthawi zonse ndikudabwa “mdani wanga akukonzekera chiyani?” y “ndingapewe bwanji?” akhoza kusintha masewera apamwamba. Komanso, prophylaxis sikuti ndi chitetezo chokha; angagwiritsidwenso ntchito pokonzekera kuukira. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mdaniyo watsala pang'ono kuyambitsa zokhumudwitsa, wosewera wa prophylactic amatha kufooketsa kapangidwe kake ka pawn kuti apange zigoli zamtsogolo.

Mapeto: kupitirira malamulo oyambirira

Chess ndi masewera opanda malire, kumene malamulo oyambirira ndi poyambira. Njira zamaganizidwe, zotseguka zosazolowereka, Kutha kupewa zolakwika komanso luso la prophylaxis ndi zida zomwe zimalekanitsa osewera apakati ndi apadera kwambiri.. Zili choncho “malamulo achinsinsi” Iwo si njira zamatsenga, koma mfundo zofunika kuchita, kusanthula ndi malingaliro otseguka kuti aphunzire.

Psychology mu chess imasonyeza kuti masewerawa samangokhalira zidutswa ndi bolodi, koma kumakhudzanso maganizo a munthu. Kudabwitsa mdani wanu ndi kutsegulira kwachilendo kapena kuwongolera kuthamanga kwamasewera kumatha kukhala kothandiza ngati nsembe yanzeru.. Mbali inayi, pewani zolakwa zomwe wamba, monga kukhala ndi chiyembekezo chochuluka kapena kukondera kotsimikizira, Ndikofunikira kukhalabe ndi mwayi pamasewera ovuta.

Pomaliza, Prophylaxis mwina ndiye lingaliro lapamwamba kwambiri komanso losamvetsetseka mu chess. Kuganiza ngati mdani wanu ndikuyembekezera mayendedwe awo sikumangowonjezera chitetezo, komanso imatsegula mwayi watsopano woukira. Pophatikiza mfundozi mumasewera anu, simudzangowonjezera zotsatira zanu, koma mukulitsanso kumvetsetsa kozama kwa chess ngati luso ndi sayansi.

Chess ndi ulendo wopanda malire, ndipo masewera aliwonse ndi mwayi wophunzira china chatsopano. Malamulo achinsinsi omwe tawapenda si njira yachidule yakupambana, koma zida zolemeretsa zomwe mwakumana nazo ndikutengera masewera anu pamlingo wina. Kotero nthawi ina mudzakhala kutsogolo kwa bolodi, kumbukirani: chess yeniyeni imayambira pomwe malamulo oyambira amatha.