Sinthani masomphenya anu anzeru mu chess: njira zotsimikiziridwa

Chess si masewera chabe; Ndi labotale yamaganizidwe komwe kukumbukira ndi kuphunzira zimalumikizana muvina yapadera yachidziwitso. Masewera aliwonse ndi masewera oyembekezera, ku masomphenya anzeru - luso lotha kuzindikira mawonekedwe, ziwopsezo ndi mwayi pagulu - imbani ngati minofu yophunzitsidwa bwino. Koma, Momwe mungakulitsire lusoli popanda kuloweza pamtima kapena kukhumudwa chifukwa cholakwitsa mobwerezabwereza? Yankho si kudziunjikira maseŵera, koma pomvetsetsa momwe ubongo umagwirira ntchito chidziwitso cha chess ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira zozikidwa pa sayansi yophunzirira.

Tangoganizani mphunzitsi wamkulu amene, mumasekondi, Unikani malo ovuta ndikupeza kusuntha kotsimikizika. Simatsenga: Ndi zotsatira za zaka zophunzitsidwa mwadala, komwe kukumbukira kwanthawi yayitali ndi mphamvu zamakompyuta zimagwira ntchito mogwirizana. M'nkhaniyi, Tikupatsirani njira zabwino kwambiri zosinthira zanu masomphenya anzeru, kuyambira pakuwunika kwapatani mpaka kugwiritsa ntchito luso laukadaulo, kudutsa njira zotsimikiziridwa zolimbitsa kukumbukira chess. Chifukwa chiyani?, Pomaliza pake, bolodi si bwalo lankhondo chabe, koma kalilole wa momwe timaganizira.

Memory mu chess: kupitirira kuloweza mipata

Polankhula za kukumbukira mu chess, Osewera ambiri amalakwitsa kuphatikizira ndi kuloweza mipata.. Komabe, aphunzitsi akuluakulu samadziwika chifukwa chokumbukira mizere yosatha ya kayendedwe, koma pozindikira njira zamaluso ndi njira zolongosoka mwachibadwa. Maphunziro ngati a Adrian de Groot y Herbert Simon adawonetsa kuti akatswiri a chess amasunga masauzande masauzande a zidutswa m'makumbukidwe awo, kuwalola kuti azindikire mwachangu mapangidwe odziwika bwino ndikuyembekezera masewero.

Koma, kukumbukira uku kumamangidwa bwanji? Chinsinsi chiri mu kuphunzira kwatanthauzo. M'malo umakaniko kubwereza ndondomeko za kayendedwe, Ndizothandiza kwambiri kusanthula masewera achikale ndikumvetsetsa “chifukwa” kumbuyo kwamasewera aliwonse. Mwachitsanzo, pamene mukuphunzira Nsembe Yosafa ya Anderssen, simumangoloweza mayendedwe, koma m'malo mwake mumayika lingaliro la nsembe yapamalo ndi momwe lingagwirizanitse wopikisana naye. Njira imeneyi sikuti imangokulitsa kukumbukira kwanu, komanso amalemeretsa wanu masomphenya anzeru, kukulolani kugwiritsa ntchito malingaliro ofanana pamasewera anu.

Njira ina yamphamvu ndi yesetsani kusiya. Kafukufuku wa Neuroscience akuwonetsa kuti ubongo umasunga zambiri bwino zikawunikiridwa pakapita nthawi. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ku chess, Izi zikutanthauza kuwunikanso malo omwewo kapena zinthu zomwezo masiku kapena milungu yosiyana., m'malo mophunzira m'magawo a marathon. Mapulatifomu ngati Chessable gwiritsani ntchito mfundo iyi kuti muwonjezere maphunziro, koma mutha kuzigwiritsa ntchito nokha ndi cholembera chosavuta kapena zida zama digito.

Njira zamaluso: chinenero chobisika cha chess

The masomphenya anzeru amakula pakutha kuzindikira machitidwe. Wosewera wodziwa zambiri samawona zidutswa za munthu payekha, koma masinthidwe omwe amatsegula ma alarm amalingaliro: “Nayi mphanda!”, “Udindo uwu ndi wokwatirana pawiri!!”. Makhalidwe amenewa ali ngati mawu a chinenero chimene, kamodzi anadziwa, amalola “wapamwamba” bolodi bwino.

Kukulitsa luso limeneli, machitidwe olimbitsa thupi ndi ofunikira. Komabe, Sizokhudza kuthetsa mavuto mwachisawawa., koma kuchita ndi njira. Njira yothandiza ndiyo kugawa mavuto malinga ndi mtundu (dunks, anapeza, zopatuka, ndi zina.) ndi kuwathetsa mu midadada thematic. Mwachitsanzo, perekani sabata kuti mugwire ntchito yokha dunks zikuthandizani kuti mulowetse lingaliro ili mpaka likhala lodziwikiratu. Komanso, Ndikofunikira kupenda mayankho mozama, ngakhale mutapeza bwino. dzifunseni nokha: Ndi masewero ena ati omwe ndaganizira?? Chifukwa chiyani chabwino ndi chabwino? Kusanthula uku kumalimbitsa mgwirizano pakati pa chitsanzo ndi ntchito yake yothandiza..

Zothandiza kwambiri pamaphunziro amtunduwu ndi mabuku apadera ndi mlingo, zomwe zimapanga masewero olimbitsa thupi pang'onopang'ono. Zimagwira ntchito ngati 1001 Masewera a Chess kwa Oyamba o Njira ya Woodpecker Iwo ndi abwino pomanga maziko olimba.. Koma musachepetse mphamvu ya masewera a grandmaster. Kusanthula momwe osewera ngati Tal kapena Kasparov amagwiritsira ntchito machitidwewa muzochitika zenizeni kukupatsani kumvetsetsa kozama kuposa masewera olimbitsa thupi aliwonse..

Kuwerengera zamitundumitundu: kuphunzitsa maganizo ngati minofu

The masomphenya anzeru Sichimangotengera kuzindikira machitidwe; Zimatanthawuzanso kuthekera kowerengera zosinthika molondola. Apa ndi pomwe osewera ambiri, ngakhale apamwamba, amapunthwa. Calculus si nkhani ya kukumbukira chabe, koma za kulinganiza maganizo. Aphunzitsi abwino ngati Vladimir Kramnik afotokoza mawerengedwe awo monga a “kusaka mtengo”, kumene amafufuza zotsatira za masewero omwe angakhalepo ndikuwunika zotsatira zake.

Kupititsa patsogolo lusoli, Njira yabwino ndi njira yamasewera atatu. Zimapangidwa ndi, pamaso pa udindo, kukukakamizani kuti muwerengere mitundu yonse yomwe ingatheke mpaka kusuntha katatu patsogolo, popanda kusuntha zidutswa. Zochita izi, ngakhale zotopetsa poyamba, phunzitsani malingaliro anu kuti aziwona bolodi mwachangu. Njira ina ndi kusanthula m'mbuyo: pambuyo pa masewera, sinthaninso m'maganizo zosintha zomwe mudawerengera ndikuziyerekeza ndi zomwe zidachitikadi. Izi zidzakuthandizani kuzindikira zolakwika m'malingaliro anu ndikuwongolera..

Ukadaulo ungakhalenso wothandizana nawo. Zida ngati Chess.com o Lichess perekani ma module apadera ophunzirira kuwerengera kosiyanasiyana, ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi omwe amagwirizana ndi msinkhu wanu. Komabe, Ndikofunika kuti musamangodalira iwo okha. Monga momwe nkhaniyo ikusonyezera “Chess ndi kukumbukira: makiyi owerengera mitundu yosiyanasiyana ngati GM”, Kuwerengera kwa anthu kuli ndi chinthu chopanga chomwe palibe makina omwe angapange. Chofunikira ndikuphatikiza maphunziro a digito ndi machitidwe a analogi, monga kuthetsa mavuto pa bolodi lakuthupi kapena kusewera masewera othamanga popanda wotchi.

Kufunika kowunika pambuyo pamasewera: phunzirani ku zolakwa

Chimodzi mwazolakwika zomwe zimachitika pakati pa osewera chess ndikusasanthula masewera awo atasewera.. Popanda sitepe iyi, Sizingatheke kuzindikira machitidwe obwerezabwereza muzolakwa zanu kapena kumvetsa chifukwa chake maudindo ena amakukanizani.. Kusanthula pambuyo pamasewera ndi, kwenikweni, njira ya kuzindikira: ganizirani za maganizo anuanu.

Kuti kusanthula uku kukhale kothandiza, amatsata ndondomeko yokhazikika. Choyamba, Sewerani masewerawa popanda injini za chess ndikulemba mayendedwe omwe adzutsa kukayikira m'maganizo mwanu. Ndiye, zindikirani mphindi zovuta: Munataya kuti zoyambira? Ndi chiyani chomwe simunachiyembekezere kuchokera kwa mdani wanu?? Pomaliza, gwiritsani ntchito injini kuti mutsimikizire zomwe mwatsimikiza, Koma musamangovomereza malingaliro awo.. dzifunseni nokha: N'chifukwa chiyani injini imakonda kusuntha kumeneko?? Ndi lingaliro lotani lomwe limakhalapo? Njirayi idzakuthandizani kugwirizanitsa kusanthula kwanzeru ndi kusanthula kwadongosolo, kulimbikitsa wanu masomphenya a dziko lonse lapansi zamasewera.

Chida chofunika kwambiri pa ndondomekoyi ndi kusunga a chess diary, komwe mumalembetsa osati masewera okha, komanso malingaliro anu. Mapulatifomu ngati ChessBase kapena ngakhale kope losavuta lingathe kuchita izi. Komanso, Kugawana zomwe mwasanthula ndi osewera ena-kaya m'magulu amunthu kapena mabwalo apaintaneti-zidzakuwonetsani malingaliro osiyanasiyana ndikukulitsa kumvetsetsa kwanu.. Monga mwatsatanetsatane mu malangizo othandiza kusanthula masewera, Chizolowezichi ndi chomwe chimasiyanitsa osewera omwe akupita patsogolo ndi omwe akuima..

Njira zamakono: kuchokera ku bolodi kupita ku moyo watsiku ndi tsiku

The masomphenya anzeru osati kupititsa patsogolo chess yanu; Ikhozanso kusinthira kaganizidwe kanu m’mbali zina. Concepts ngati zugwang (kukakamiza otsutsa kuti asunthire ku chiwonongeko chawo) o kuti prophylaxis (yembekezerani zolinga za mdani) Iwo ali ndi ntchito pothetsa mavuto a tsiku ndi tsiku. Mwachitsanzo, mu zokambirana, Kugwiritsa ntchito prophylaxis kumakupatsani mwayi wowonera zotsutsa za gulu lina ndikukonzekera mayankho ogwira mtima.

An patsogolo njira kunyamula wanu masomphenya anzeru ku mulingo wotsatira ndi maphunziro ndi maudindo osadziwika bwino. Zimakhala ndi kuphunzira malo omwe mulibe masewera “zolondola” zoonekeratu, koma zosankha zingapo zokhala ndi zabwino ndi zoyipa. Izi zimakukakamizani kuti muwunike gululo kuchokera kumbali zosiyanasiyana ndikupanga kuganiza kosinthika.. Mabuku ngati Limbikitsani Mavoti Anu za Axel Smith o The Amateurs Mind za Jeremy Silman Iwo ndi abwino kwa mtundu uwu wa masewera olimbitsa thupi.

Njira ina ndi chess wakhungu, zomwe zimakhala ndi kusewera popanda kuwona bolodi. Zochita izi, ngakhale zovuta, Konzani kwambiri luso lanu lowonera malo ndikuwerengera mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Mutha kuyamba ndi masewera amfupi ndi, pamene mukupeza chidaliro, onjezerani zovuta. Komanso, akhungu chess amakuthandizani kukhala ndi kukumbukira kwamphamvu kwapakati, zomwe zimamasulira bwino masomphenya anzeru ngakhale mutasewera ndi bolodi.

Mapeto: bolodi ngati galasi la malingaliro

Sinthani anu masomphenya anzeru mu chess si njira ya mzere, koma ulendo wodzifufuza. Machesi aliwonse, Zochita zolimbitsa thupi zilizonse komanso kusanthula kulikonse kwamasewera ndi mwayi wakunola malingaliro anu., phunzitsani kukumbukira kwanu ndikukulitsa kuganiza kwanzeru komanso kwanzeru. Njira zomwe zalongosoledwa apa—kuyambira pa kuphunzira kwatanthauzo kupita ku mawerengedwe osiyanasiyana mpaka kusanthula mobwerera m’mbuyo—si zipolopolo zamatsenga., koma zida zimenezo, kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mwambo, akhoza kusintha masewera anu.

Koma kupitirira kupambana kapena kugonja, chess imakupatsirani china chake chamtengo wapatali: kuthekera kowona dziko momveka bwino. Monga adanenera Emanuel Lasker, “mu chess, monga m'moyo, wotsutsa wamphamvu ndi iwe mwini”. Kotero nthawi ina mudzakhala kutsogolo kwa bolodi, kumbukirani kuti kuyenda kulikonse ndi phunziro, ndi masewera aliwonse, sitepe yopita ku mtundu wanzeru komanso wokhazikika wa inu nokha. Bolodi ndi wokonzeka; ndi malingaliro anu?