Kambiranani koloko: makiyi kuti musataye chifukwa cha nthawi mu chess mwachangu

Wotchi ya chess imayika masekondi ndi nkhanza za masamu. Nkhupakupa iliyonse ndi chikumbutso chimenecho, m'masewera ofulumira, nthawi si bwenzi, koma mdani wosawoneka wobisalira kumayendedwe aliwonse. Kutaya chifukwa cha nthawi si kugonja mwanzeru, koma kutengera kupsinjika kwamaganizidwe: kulakwitsa komwe kumasintha malo opambana kukhala kulephera kotheratu. Momwe mungaletsere dzanja la miniti kukhala lakupha? Yankho sikuti kuwerengera mofulumira, koma podziwa luso la kasamalidwe ka nthawi pansi pa nkhawa, luso lomwe limalekanitsa osewera wamba ndi omwe amatembenuza sekondi iliyonse kukhala mwayi.

M'nkhaniyi, Tidzafufuza njira zotsimikiziridwa kuti tisagwere mumsampha wa wotchi., kuchokera ku njira za kasamalidwe ka nthawi ku zizolowezi zamaganizidwe zomwe zimakwaniritsa chisankho chilichonse. Chifukwa mu chess mofulumira, monga m'moyo, Amene ali ndi nthawi yambiri sapambana, koma amene akudziwa kuzigwiritsa ntchito bwino.

Nthano ya “ganizani zochepa”: chifukwa chake kuthamanga sikufanana ndi kungoyang'ana pamwamba

Pali chikhulupiliro chakuti masewera othamanga amafunikira kudzipereka kwakuya chifukwa cha liwiro. Palibe chomwe chingakhale choposa chenicheni. Aphunzitsi abwino ngati Magnus Carlsen o Hikaru Nakamura sonyezani kuti liwiro likhoza kukhala limodzi ndi kulondola, koma pokhapokha ataphunzitsidwa mwadongosolo. Chinsinsi ndicho kusayenda mwachangu, koma mu kuchepetsa nthawi yosankha zosafunikira.

Kafukufuku wofalitsidwa mu Malire mu Psychology adawulula kuti akatswiri osewera ntchito mpaka 60% nthawi yocheperako m'malo odziwika kuposa oyamba kumene. Izi ndichifukwa choti ubongo wanu umakhala ndi njira zamaukadaulo komanso zamaluso., kumasula zipangizo zamaganizo kuti zikhazikike pa zomwe ziri zofunika kwambiri. Mfungulo, choncho, sikungoganiza zochepa, sino ganizani bwino. Kukwaniritsa, Ndikofunikira kudziwa malingaliro monga:

• Zotsegulira zoloweza: Sikuti kuloweza mitundu yosatha, koma kumvetsetsa mfundo zoyambira (kulamulira pakati, mbali chitukuko, chitetezo cha mfumu). Nkhani yokhudza kulamulira pakati imayang'ana momwe izi zimachepetsera kuchuluka kwamalingaliro pamasewera oyamba.
• Machenjerero obwerezabwereza: Zifukwa ngati foloko, ndi kukhomedwa kapena anapeza cheke amawonekera mobwerezabwereza. Kuwazindikira nthawi yomweyo kumakupatsani mwayi wochita mayendedwe mumasekondi, popanda kufunika kuwerengera zovuta zosiyanasiyana.
• Kuwunika koyang'anira pompopompo: Phunzirani kuzindikira mwamsanga yemwe ali ndi ubwino (ndi chifukwa chiyani) pewani kuwononga nthawi pakufufuza mosakayika. Izi zikuphatikizapo kuwunika kapangidwe ka pawn, ntchito ya zidutswa ndi zofooka za mdani.

Chododometsa ndi chimenecho, kusewera mwachangu, choyamba muyenera kusewera pang'onopang'ono. Pokhapokha poyeserera mwadala—kusanthula masewera, Kuthetsa machitidwe anzeru komanso kuphunzira mathero oyambira - maziko amamangidwa omwe amalola kuti zisankho zachangu zipangidwe. Monga nkhani pa njira zolimbikitsira mu chess, aphunzitsi akulu samabadwa ndi a “liwiro chip”, koma ndi malingaliro ophunzitsidwa kusefa zofunika.

Wotchi ngati chida chamalingaliro: momwe mungachepetse kuthamanga kwa nthawi

Wotchi simangoyesa nthawi; Zimayesanso kukana kwanu m'maganizo. M'masewera ofulumira, makamaka m'mawonekedwe ngati blitz (3+0 o 5+0) o chipolopolo (1+0), Kupsyinjika kwamaganizo kungakhale kochulukira. Cholakwika chofala ndikungoganizira nthawi yotsala, kumabweretsa mayendedwe mopupuluma ndi, modabwitsa, kuwononga nthawi yochulukirapo kukonza zolakwika.

Kuti tithane ndi izi, ndikofunikira kukulitsa miyambo yachigamulo. Mwachitsanzo:

• ulamuliro wa 3 masekondi: Asanasamuke, puma 3 masekondi kuti atsimikizire kuti palibe zowopseza nthawi yomweyo. Chizoloŵezi Chaching'ono Ichi Chimachepetsa Zolakwa Zosasamala.
• Kuyika patsogolo ziwopsezo: M'malo kuwerengera mitundu yonse yotheka, yang'anani pamasewera okakamiza poyamba (zakuti, amagwira, ziwopsezo zachindunji). Ngati palibe, ndiye pendani malo omwe mungasankhe.
• Kupuma molamulirika: Nkhawa zimathandizira kugunda kwa mtima komanso kusokoneza kuganiza bwino. Njira zopumira za diaphragmatic-monga zomwe zafotokozedwa mu chess ndi kusinkhasinkha- kukuthandizani kuti mukhale odekha mukapanikizika.

Mbali ina yofunika kwambiri ndi vomerezani kupanda ungwiro. M'masewera ofulumira, ndizosatheka kuwerengera mitundu yonse. Osewera osankhika amadziwa izi ndi, m'malo moyang'ana sewero “wangwiro”, amasankha kwa “zabwino mokwanira”. Izi sizikutanthauza kusewera mosasamala., koma mumvetse zimenezo, mu liwiro la chess, ungwiro ndi mwanaalirenji amene wotchi sakhululukira.

Nkhani yowulula ndi ya Fabiano Caruana, omwe ali mu Candidates Tournament 2024 adawonetsa momwe angasamalire nthawi m'malo ovuta. Pamasewera olimbana nawo Ding Liren, ndi chete 30 masekondi pa koloko, Caruana adapewa kulowa muzovuta zosafunikira ndikusankha mzere wokhazikika, kukakamiza mdani wanu kuti alakwitse mokakamizidwa. Kukhoza uku chepetsani pamene nthawi ili yofunika Ndi luso lomwe limaphunzitsidwa, sichimasinthidwa.

Msampha wa “nthawi yowonjezera”: momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito zowonjezera kuti mupindule

Nthawi ikuwonjezeka (monga mawonekedwe 3+2 o 5+3) Iwo ndi chida champhamvu, koma pokhapokha atagwiritsidwa ntchito mwanzeru. Osewera ambiri amagwa m'mayesero a “pulumutsa” nthawi yowonjezera, kudziunjikira mphindi pa wotchi popanda kuzindikira kuti izi zingakhale zotsutsana. Kiyi ndi kulowa kulinganiza kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi:

• Gwiritsani ntchito nthawi m'malo ovuta: Ngati udindo uli wovuta kapena pali chisankho chofunikira (monga nsembe kapena kusintha magawo), gwiritsani ntchito nthawi yowonjezereka kuti mupende mozama. Osawopa kukhala ndi masekondi pang'ono ngati udindo ulungamitsa..
• Khalani ndi kangome kosasintha: M'masewera ndi ma increments, Ndiko kuyesa kusewera mwachangu kwambiri kuti mupange nthawi., koma izi zimawonjezera chiopsezo cha zolakwika. Nyimbo ya 10-15 masekondi pa kayendedwe (mu mawonekedwe ngati 3+2) nthawi zambiri zimakhala zabwino kwambiri.
• Gwiritsani ntchito nthawi yowonjezereka kuti mukhazikike mtima pansi: Ngati mukuona kuti kupsyinjika kukugonjetsani, ikani kaye pang'ono kuti mupume ndikukhazikitsanso malingaliro anu. Kuwonjezeka kumakupatsani malire.

Chitsanzo choopsa cha kasamalidwe kowonjezera ndi Alireza Firouzja, omwe ali ku Grand Swiss 2023 adawonetsa momwe angasinthire vuto la nthawi kukhala chipambano. ndi just 10 masekondi pa koloko motsutsana Richard Report, Firouzja adagwiritsa ntchito chowonjezera chilichonse kuti aunike malowa mozizira., kupewa kusuntha mopupuluma ndikukakamiza mdani wanu kuti alakwitse pomaliza. Mtundu uwu wa kupirira kwakanthawi Ndi zomwe zimatanthauzira akatswiri.

Kuti mufufuze mozama momwe ma boosts amakhudzira psychology ya osewera, nkhani ya blitz vs. bullet vs. mwachangu imapereka kusanthula kwatsatanetsatane kwa kusiyana pakati pa mawonekedwe awa ndi momwe mungasinthire njira yanu ku iliyonse.

zolakwa zakupha: machimo akupha omwe amakupangitsani kutaya nthawi

Kutaya nthawi nthawi zambiri kumakhala chifukwa cha zolakwika zambiri, osati mu kayendedwe kamodzi. Izi ndi machimo akupha zimene muyenera kupewa:

• Fufuzani momveka bwino: Tengani mphindi pamasewera okakamiza (momwe mungatengerenso pawn) ndikungotaya nthawi. Ngati sewerolo ndi lodziwikiratu, chitani mwachangu ndikuyang'ana zomwe zili zofunika kwambiri.
• Musanyalanyaze wotchi ya otsutsa: Ngati mdani wanu ali ndi nthawi yochepa, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito izi kuti mupindule. Masewera omwe amakukakamizani kuwerengera mitundu yovuta (monga nsembe kapena ziwopsezo zambiri) ikhoza kufulumizitsa kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yanu.
• Kutaya nthawi potsegula: M'masewera ofulumira, Ndizofala kuti osewera amatha mphindi zochepa pamasewera oyamba, kungotha ​​nthawi yapakati pamasewera. Chepetsani kutsegula kwanu 5-7 mayendedwe oloweza ndikuyang'ana pakupanga zidutswa zanu mwachangu.
• Osakhala ndi dongosolo ladzidzidzi: Ngati mwasiyidwa ndi zochepa kuposa 30 masekondi, muyenera kukhala ndi protocol yomveka bwino: yikani patsogolo macheke ndi kujambula, pewani zovuta zanzeru ndikufufuza zosavuta.
• Lolani kutengeka mtima: Kukhumudwa chifukwa cha kulakwitsa kapena kusangalala chifukwa chopeza phindu kungasokoneze kulingalira kwanu.. Monga tafotokozera mu momwe mungapewere kupendekera mu chess, kukhala chete n'kofunika monga kuwerengera zosiyanasiyana.

Chizindikiro cha zolakwika izi ndi masewera apakati Vladimir Kramnik y Levon Aronian mu Candidates Tournament 2018. Kramnik, ndi malo opambana, adakhala mphindi pakusintha kwanzeru kosafunikira, kungokhala ndi 10 masekondi pa koloko. Aronia, kutengerapo mwayi pakusimidwa kwa mdani wake, anamukakamiza kuti alakwitse kwambiri. Zimene tikuphunzirapo n’zomveka: nthawi ndi gwero malire, ndipo sekondi iliyonse ikaonongeka ndi sitepe lopita ku kugonja.

Maphunziro apadera: momwe mungakonzekerere malingaliro anu pa wotchi

Kuwongolera nthawi pamasewera a chess othamanga sikumasinthidwa ndikungosewera masewera. Zimafunika a maphunziro apadera zomwe zimaphatikiza masewera olimbitsa thupi, zamaganizo ndi thupi. Izi ndi njira zina zothandiza:

• Mayesero a nthawi yayitali: Sewerani masewera omwe ali ndi wotchi yocheperako kuposa nthawi zonse (Mwachitsanzo, 1+0 m'malo 3+0). Izi zidzakukakamizani kupanga zisankho mwachangu ndikuzolowera kukakamizidwa..
• Zochita zopanda nthawi: Mapulatifomu ngati Chess.com o Lichess Amapereka njira zophunzitsira komwe muyenera kuthana ndi zovuta zanzeru mumasekondi. Izi zimakulitsa luso lanu lozindikira machitidwe pansi pazovuta..
• Kusanthula masewera moganizira nthawi: Onaninso masewera anu ofulumira ndikulemba nthawi yomwe mudakhala nthawi yayitali komanso chifukwa chake. Zinali chifukwa cha kukhumudwa? Chifukwa chosowa chidziwitso? Kuzindikira machitidwewa ndi gawo loyamba lowongolera.. Nkhani yokhudza momwe mungasinthire masewera anu imapereka kalozera watsatanetsatane wa njirayi.
• Basic Endgame Training: Osewera ambiri amataya chifukwa cha nthawi yomaliza chifukwa sadziwa zofunikira (monga mathero a mfumu ndi zopondera pa mfumu). Kuloweza mathero awa kudzakupulumutsirani mphindi zamtengo wapatali.
• Njira zopumula: Kuthamanga kwa minofu ndi kupuma mofulumira kumawononga mphamvu zamaganizo. Yesetsani kuchita yoga kapena kusinkhasinkha - monga momwe tafotokozera Ajedrez ndi kulingalira- amatha kusintha masewera aatali.

Njira yosazolowereka koma yothandiza ndi maphunziro osokoneza. Sewerani masewera othamanga pomvera nyimbo, onerani kanema kapena ngakhale pamalo aphokoso. Izi zimatengera mikhalidwe ya mpikisano weniweni, kumene kupsinjika maganizo ndi zododometsa zimakhala zosapeŵeka. Lingaliro ndiloti tisazolowere phokoso, koma phunzirani patulani maganizo anu ngakhale iye.

Pomaliza, musachepetse mphamvu ya kupuma. Kutopa m'maganizo ndi mdani wachete wa kasamalidwe ka nthawi. Kafukufuku wa University of California anapeza kuti osewera omwe amagona mocheperapo 6 maola adachita a 30% zolakwika zambiri mumasewera ofulumira. Monga mwatsatanetsatane mu chess break, kugona si chinthu chapamwamba, koma chida chochitira.

Mapeto: koloko ngati wothandizira, osati ngati wakupha

Kutaya nthawi ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zokhumudwitsa kwambiri mu chess, chifukwa sichimawonetsa kusowa kwa luso, koma kusamalidwa bwino kwa zinthu zochepa. Komabe, Kudziwa wotchi si nkhani yamwayi, koma kukonzekera: luso, zamaganizo ndi thupi. Kuchokera pakupanga machitidwe aukadaulo mpaka kupanga miyambo yosankha, Njira iliyonse yomwe tafufuza ikuwonetsa cholinga chomwecho: sinthani nthawi kukhala bwenzi lanu.

Rapid chess si masewera osiyana; Ndiwowonjezera kwa classical chess, kumene liwiro limawonjezera kuya. Aphunzitsi abwino monga Carlsen kapena Nakamura sangagonjetsedwe, koma akwaniritsa luso losewera molunjika pansi pamavuto. Nkhani yabwino ndiyakuti lusoli litha kuphunzitsidwa.. Nthawi ina mukakhala kutsogolo kwa bolodi, kumbukirani: wotchi si mdani wako, koma chikumbutso kuti, mu chess monga m'moyo, nthawi ndi chinthu chokhacho chomwe sichingachiritsidwe. Muzigwiritsa ntchito mwanzeru.

Mwakonzeka kugwiritsa ntchito njirazi?? Yambani lero: sewerani masewera ofulumira, Nthawi yoyenda kulikonse ndikusanthula komwe mungawonjezere nthawi yanu. Chifukwa mu chess, monga m'zonse, kuchita bwino si kopita, koma ndondomeko.