Chess motsutsana ndi magulu achifwamba: momwe El Salvador amathetsera chiwawa

M'dziko limene ziwawa zachigawenga zakhala zikudziwika kwa zaka zambiri, El Salvador ikuwonekera ngati chitsanzo cha chitukuko cha anthu mwa kuphatikiza njira zosavomerezeka zopulumutsira achinyamata ku chigawenga.. Magulu achifwamba, monga MS-13 ndi Barrio 18, Iwo apanga njira zoyendetsera madera zomwe zimatsekereza anthu masauzande ambiri m'magulu awo, koma mkatikati mwa zochitika izi, chess yakhala chida champhamvu. Mapulogalamu ngati “Chess for Life” y “Hope Boards” Iwo samangophunzitsa masewera a mafumu, koma amakonzanso malingaliro, Amalimbikitsa mwambo ndipo amapereka njira zina zenizeni m'malo mwa moyo wapamsewu. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza momwe dashboard 64 mabwalo amasinthidwa kukhala bwalo lankhondo lophiphiritsira, kumene strategy, kuleza mtima ndi kupirira kumapeza maziko pa ziwawa. Kuchokera kumadera owopsa kwambiri mpaka kundende zotetezedwa kwambiri, chess imayima ngati mlatho wolowera kuyanjananso, kusonyeza kuti ngakhale mu nkhani zovuta kwambiri, maphunziro ndi luso akhoza kuthetsa unyolo.

Chess ngati chida chosinthira chikhalidwe cha anthu

Chess si masewera chabe; Ndi kalilole wa moyo. Ku El Salvador, kumene zigawenga zaika lamulo lawo mwamantha ndi kuumiriza, Masewera amalingaliro awa akhala chida chosinthira. Mapulogalamu ngati “Chess for Life”, moyendetsedwa ndi mabungwe omwe si aboma komanso boma, Amayesetsa kupezerapo mwayi pa luso lachidziwitso lomwe chess imapanga: kuganiza mozama, kukonzekera kwanthawi yayitali komanso kuwongolera malingaliro. Maluso amenewa ndi ofunikira kwa achinyamata omwe anakulira m'madera omwe kuchita zinthu mopupuluma ndi chiwawa ndizofala..

Maphunziro a chess samangophunzitsa mayendedwe a zidutswa. Zimaphatikizapo magawo a psychology, komwe ophunzira amaphunzira kuthana ndi kukhumudwa, kuzindikira machitidwe ndi kupanga zisankho mokakamizidwa. M'dziko limene a 60% zakupha ndi zokhudzana ndi zigawenga, malinga ndi deta yochokera ku Institute of Legal Medicine, chess imapereka njira yotulukira. Kafukufuku wochokera ku Central American University (UCA) adawulula kuti 70% Achinyamata omwe adachita nawo mapologalamuwa adachepetsa kulowerera kwawo m'miyezi isanu ndi umodzi.

Koma, chifukwa chess osati masewera kapena zochitika zina? Yankho lagona pa chikhalidwe chake. Mosiyana ndi mpira kapena nkhonya, zomwe zingawonjezere kupikisana koopsa, chess imafuna kukhazikika, kuleza mtima ndi kulemekeza malamulo. Komanso, Kapangidwe kake kaulamuliro - komwe chidutswa chilichonse chili ndi phindu ndi ntchito yake - chikuwonetsa kufunikira kwa mgwirizano ndi kugwirira ntchito limodzi., makhalidwe omwe palibe mu chikhalidwe cha zigawenga.

Kuyambira m'misewu kupita ku bolodi: nkhani za chiwombolo

Nkhani za achinyamata omwe achoka m'magulu chifukwa cha chess ndizolimbikitsa monga momwe zimawululira.. Chimodzi mwa zochitika zodziwika kwambiri ndi cha Carlos, membala wakale wa MS-13 yemwe adapeza chifukwa chosiyira chiwawa mu chess. “m’gulu la zigawenga, Amakuphunzitsani momwe mungathetsere mavuto ndi mfuti. mu chess, mumaphunzira kuwathetsa ndi malingaliro anu”, ndemanga Carlos, yemwe lero ndi mphunzitsi wa pulogalamu ya anthu ku Soyapango, imodzi mwamatauni omwe akhudzidwa kwambiri ndi ziwawa.

Chitsanzo china ndi cha Maria, mtsikana wochokera ku 17 zaka zimenezo, atalembedwa ntchito ndi Barrio 18, Anatha kuthawa chifukwa cha msonkhano wa chess pasukulu yake. “Poyamba, Sindinkamvetsa kuti masewera angasinthe bwanji moyo wanga. Koma patapita milungu ingapo, Ndinayamba kuona zinthu mosiyana. Chess anandiphunzitsa kuti kusuntha kulikonse kumakhala ndi zotsatira zake, ndipo izi zidandipangitsa kulingalira pazisankho zanga”, akufotokoza. Hoyi, María amaphunzira za psychology ndi loto lothandizira achinyamata ena omwe ali pachiwopsezo.

Nkhani zimenezi si zachilendo. Malinga ndi lipoti lochokera ku Salvador Foundation for Economic and Social Development (FUSADES), iye 45% a achinyamata omwe amatenga nawo mbali pamapulogalamu a chess amatha kuyanjananso ndi maphunziro kapena ntchito. Komabe, msewu si wophweka. Ambiri amachitiridwa manyazi chifukwa chokhala m’gulu la zigawenga, ndipo ena amakanidwa ngakhale ndi mabanja awo. Apa ndi pamene chess imagwira ntchito ngati chothandizira: posonyeza mwambo ndi kudzipereka, achinyamata amapeza chidaliro cha madera awo ndikutsegula zitseko zomwe poyamba zinkawoneka ngati zatsekedwa.

Udindo wa Boma ndi mabungwe aboma

Kupambana kwa mapologalamuwa sikukanatheka popanda mgwirizano pakati pa Boma, mabungwe omwe si aboma ndi mabungwe aboma. Mu 2019, Boma la El Salvador linayambitsa ndondomekoyi “Control Territorial”, zomwe zikuphatikizapo njira zoletsa kulembedwa kwa achinyamata ndi achifwamba. Mkati mwa chimango ichi, chess idaphatikizidwa ngati chida chofunikira, ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa masukulu m'malo omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu komanso kuphunzitsa aphunzitsi m'masukulu aboma.

Mabungwe ngati “Glasswing International” y “Education Foundation” akhala apainiya pakukhazikitsa mapologalamuwa. Magalasi, Mwachitsanzo, amagwira ntchito mogwirizana ndi Unduna wa Zamaphunziro kuti abweretse maphunziro a chess kuposa 50 masukulu m'dziko lonselo. “Chess si njira yamatsenga, koma ndi mbewu yomwe, popita nthawi, akhoza kuphuka kukhala chinthu chachikulu kwambiri”, Anatero Ana Martínez, Woyang'anira polojekiti ya Glasswing.

Komabe, mavuto ndi aakulu. Kusowa ndalama, Ziphuphu ndi kukana kwa madera ena ndi zopinga zomwe zikufunikabe kuthetsedwa. Komanso, chess sichingagwire ntchito popanda kanthu: ziyenera kutsagana ndi mfundo za anthu zomwe zimatsimikizira mwayi wopeza maphunziro, ntchito ndi thanzi labwino. M’lingaliro limeneli, Boma lili ndi ntchito yofunika kwambiri. Mapulogalamu ngati “Achinyamata ndi chirichonse”, kupereka maphunziro ndi mwayi wa ntchito, Ndizowonjezera zofunikira kuti chess isakhale chigamba chabe, koma yankho lathunthu.

Chess kundende: mwayi wachiwiri

Ngati chess yatsimikizira kugwira ntchito kwake m'misewu, Zotsatira zake pandende ndizodabwitsa kwambiri. Ku El Salvador, kumene dongosolo la ndende likugwa ndipo zigawenga zimayang'anira gawo lalikulu la ndende, chess yakhala chida chothandizira kukonzanso. Mu 2021, boma linakhazikitsa ndondomekoyi “Hope Boards” ku Izalco Penal Center, imodzi mwa ndende zoopsa kwambiri mdziko muno.

Zotsatira zake zakhala zochititsa chidwi. Malinga ndi deta kuchokera ku General Directorate of Penal Centers, iye 30% a akaidi omwe amachita nawo masewera a chess akuwonetsa kuchepa kwa ziwawa. Komanso, Chess imalimbikitsa kupanga mipata yokambirana pakati pa mamembala omwe amapikisana nawo, chinthu chosatheka m'ndende. “pa bolodi, tonse ndife ofanana. Zilibe kanthu ngati mukuchokera ku MS-13 kapena Barrio 18; chofunika ndi njira yanu”, ndemanga Luis, mkaidi yemwe wakhala akuchita nawo pulogalamuyi kwa zaka ziwiri.

Chess yakhalanso ngati mlatho pakati pa akaidi ndi mabanja awo.. M'malo ena achilango, Mipikisano imakonzedwa pomwe akaidi amatha kupikisana ndi okondedwa awo, zomwe zimalimbitsa mgwirizano wamalingaliro ndikuchepetsa kubwerezabwereza. Kafukufuku wochokera ku yunivesite ya El Salvador anapeza kuti akaidi omwe amachita nawo maphunziro ndi zosangalatsa, ngati chess, iwo a 20% mosakayika kuti angalakwitsenso akatulutsidwa m'ndende.

Komabe, msewu ndi wautali. Kuchuluka kwa anthu mndende, kusowa kwa chuma ndi chisonkhezero cha magulu achifwamba mkati mwa ndende ndi zopinga zomwe zikufunikabe kugonjetsedwera. Koma chess, ndi kuthekera kwake kusintha malingaliro, amapereka kuwala kwa chiyembekezo mu dongosolo kuti, kwa zaka zambiri, zadziwika ndi kulephera.

Mapeto: bolodi ngati chizindikiro cha kusintha

El Salvador ikukumana ndi vuto limodzi lovuta kwambiri m'mbiri yake, kumene chiwawa chamagulu chasiya zipsera zazikulu pa mibadwo yonse. Komabe, mkati mwa malo opululutsidwawa, chess imatuluka ngati kuwala kwa chiyembekezo. Kupyolera mu mapulogalamu atsopano, Masewera akalewa awonetsa kuti akhoza kukhala zambiri kuposa zomwe amakonda: Ndi chida chosinthira chikhalidwe cha anthu, mlatho ku reintegration ndi chizindikiro kuti, ngakhale pamikhalidwe yoyipa kwambiri, kusintha nkotheka.

Nkhani za Carlos, María ndi Luis ndi enanso; ndi zitsanzo za zomwe zingatheke pamene luso liphatikizidwa, kudzipereka ndi ndondomeko zogwira mtima za anthu. Chess imaphunzitsa achinyamata kuganiza asanachite, kukonzekera mayendedwe anu ndikumvetsetsa kuti chisankho chilichonse chimakhala ndi zotsatira zake. Maphunzirowa ndi ofunika kwambiri m'dziko limene anthu amachita zinthu mopupuluma komanso chiwawa..

Koma chess si njira yamatsenga. Kupambana kwanu kumadalira njira yokwanira yomwe imaphatikizapo maphunziro, ntchito, umoyo wamaganizo ndi, pamwamba pa zonse, mwayi weniweni kwa achinyamata. Boma, mabungwe a anthu ndi madera ayenera kugwirira ntchito limodzi kuwonetsetsa kuti mapologalamuwa samangochitika zokha, koma mbali imodzi ya njira zopewera ndi kugwirizanitsa dziko.

pa bolodi la chess, chidutswa chilichonse chili ndi mtengo wake komanso cholinga. N’chimodzimodzinso ndi achinyamata a ku El Salvador: Aliyense ayenera kukhala ndi mwayi wosonyeza zomwe angathe.. Chess sikuti imangowapatsa mwayi wotero, koma amawakumbutsa zimenezo, ngakhale m’mikhalidwe yovuta kwambiri, Pali nthawi zonse kusuntha komwe kungasinthe masewerawo. Funso ndilakuti: Kodi ndife okonzeka kusamuka??