Chess ku Amazon: paz, kubwezeretsedwa ndi chiyembekezo ku Colombia

M'kati mwa Amazon ya Colombia, masewera akale amakhala chizindikiro cha kusintha ndi chiyembekezo. chess, kuposa kungochita zosangalatsa, ikuwonekera ngati chida choyanjanitsa ndi kumanganso m'dera lomwe lili ndi zaka zambiri za nkhondo. Omenyera nkhondo a FARC akale, tsopano m'kati mwa kubwezeretsedwa, Iwo amapeza mpata wochiritsa mabala m’maseŵera a maganizo ameneŵa, kumanganso maubale ndikutanthauziranso tsogolo lanu. Nkhaniyi ikuwunika momwe chess yasinthira kukhala mlatho pakati pa ziwawa zakale ndi zomwe zachitika pano., kuwunika momwe zimakhudzira kuyanjananso ndi anthu, maphunziro ndi kukhazikitsa mtendere ku Colombia. Kupyolera mu maumboni, deta ndi malingaliro, Tizindikira chifukwa chake masewerawa amapitilira kusewera kuti akhale kukana mwamtendere komanso kuwala kwa chiyembekezo pakati pa nkhalango..

Chess ngati fanizo la mtendere

chess, ndi wake 64 mabwalo ndi zidutswa zomwe zimayimira magulu ankhondo pankhondo, Zingawoneke ngati masewera otsutsana kukambirana zamtendere.. Komabe, ku Colombia Amazon, chakhala fanizo lamphamvu la chiyanjanitso. Masewera aliwonse ndi microcosm pomwe malamulo amamveka bwino, mayendedwe anzeru ndi cholinga sikuwononga wotsutsa, koma Ligonjetseni ndi luntha ndi kupirira. Kwa omenyana nawo omwe adakhala zaka zambiri m'nkhalango, kumene zisankho zinapangidwa pansi pa chitsenderezo ndipo zotsatira zake zinali zachangu, chess imapereka njira yatsopano yoganizira.

M'malo Ophunzitsira a Territorial ndi Reintegration (ETCR), ili m'madera monga Miravalle kapena La Variante, bolodi lasanduka siteji kumene kusachita zachiwawa. “M'mbuyomu, maganizo anga ankangoganizira za njira zankhondo; tsopano, Ndimaganizira za momwe ndingatetezere mfumu yanga ndikudikirira mayendedwe a ena”, ndemanga Carlos, msilikali wakale yemwe adaphunzira kusewera 2018. Maphunziro opangidwa ndi a National University of Colombia M'malo awa amawulula kuti chess imakulitsa luso lokhazikika, amachepetsa kutengeka ndipo amalimbikitsa kuganiza mozama, maluso ofunikira kwa iwo omwe akufuna kusiya malingaliro otsutsana.

Koma chess sikuti imangosintha pamlingo wamunthu. M’madera amene anthu amakayikirabe, masewera pakati pa omwe adamenya nawo nkhondo ndi anthu wamba akhala ngati chophiphiritsa. Ku San José del Guaviare, Mwachitsanzo, Mipikisano imakonzedwa pomwe onse ophatikizidwa ndi omwe adakhudzidwa ndi nkhondoyi amatenga nawo gawo. “Poyamba, palibe amene anafuna kukhala pamaso pao, koma akaona kuti tonse timatsatira malamulo ofanana, mantha m'malo ndi chidwi”, akufotokoza María Fernanda, mphunzitsi amene amalimbikitsa misonkhano imeneyi. Masewera, choncho, Chimakhala chilankhulo chapadziko lonse lapansi chomwe chimaphwanya zotchinga ndikupangitsa anthu ena..

Kuyambira zida mpaka bolodi: ndondomeko yobwezeretsedwa

Kusintha kuchokera ku moyo wa zigawenga kupita ku moyo wamba ndi njira yodzaza ndi zopinga. Anthu ambiri omwe kale ankamenya nawo nkhondo amasalidwa, kusowa mwayi wa ntchito ndi, nthawi zina, chiyeso choyambiranso kuchita zachiwawa. M'nkhani ino, Chess yatuluka ngati chida chofunikira pamapulogalamu ophatikizanso opangidwa ndi a Agency for Reintegration and Normalization (Mtengo wa ARN) ndi mabungwe monga Peace and Reconciliation Foundation.

Chimodzi mwazovuta zazikulu ndikuzolowera chizolowezi chakutali ndi mikangano ya adrenaline.. “m'nkhalango, tsiku lililonse kunali nkhondo kuti apulumuke; Pano, kukhala chete ndi bata kungakhale kolemetsa”, Javier akuvomereza, msilikali wakale 32 zaka. chess, ndi mayendedwe ake pang'onopang'ono koma ovuta, thandizani kudzaza chosowacho. Mapulogalamu ngati “Chess for Peace”, kukhazikitsidwa mu ETCR, Iwo samangophunzitsa malamulo a masewera, koma amagwira ntchito pa luso la chikhalidwe cha anthu. Kudzera mu zokambirana, Ophunzira amaphunzira kuthana ndi kukhumudwa, kusinthana ndi kuzindikira kuti gulu lililonse lili ndi zotsatira zake, phunziro lofunika kwa iwo omwe adapanga zisankho m'mbuyomu mokangana.

Komanso, chess yatsegula zitseko za ntchito zosayembekezereka. M'mizinda ngati Florence kapena Leticia, Ena omwe kale anali omenya nkhondo apeza ntchito yoyang'anira masukulu kapena m'malo a anthu, kuphunzitsa masewerawa kwa ana ndi achinyamata. “Ndizodabwitsa: Ndinakhala zaka zambiri ndikuphunzira kunyamula mfuti, ndipo tsopano ndimapeza maphunziro ochulukirapo momwe ndingasunthire pawn”, Luis nthabwala, yemwe lero amayendetsa kalabu ya chess pasukulu ina ku Caquetá. Zochita zamtunduwu sizingobweretsa ndalama zokha, koma amakulitsanso kudzidalira ndi kudzimva kukhala wogwirizana ndi anthu..

Komabe, Njirayi imakhala ndi zovuta. M'madera omwe kukhalapo kwa otsutsa a FARC kapena magulu ankhondo osaloledwa akadali amphamvu, Ena omwe kale anali omenya nkhondo amakumana ndi ziwopsezo chifukwa chotenga nawo mbali pamapulogalamuwa. “Pali omwe amawona chess ngati kuwononga nthawi kapena, choyipa kwambiri, ngati kusakhulupirika kwa chifukwa”, akufotokoza motero mkulu wina wa RNA yemwe safuna kutchulidwa dzina. Osatengera izi, Kupirira kwa omwe amasankha njira iyi kumasonyeza kuti kubwezeretsedwa n'kotheka, ngakhale kumadera akutali kwambiri a dzikolo.

Amazon ngati malo akusintha

Nkhalango ya Amazon, ndi zomera zobiriwira komanso kudzipatula kwa malo, M'mbiri yakale wakhala gawo lokonzekera magulu ankhondo. Hoyi, komabe, Ikukhala labotale yamtendere komwe chess imatenga gawo lotsogola. M’madipatimenti ngati Putumayo, Guaviare kapena Caquetá, kumene kukhalapo kwa Boma kwakhala kofooka, Zoyeserera za anthu ammudzi zikugwiritsa ntchito masewerawa kuti azitha kudalirana ndi chitukuko.

Chimodzi mwazinthu zodziwika bwino ndi Malingaliro a kampani Hands for Peace Corporation, yomwe yayika ma board akulu a chess m'malo opezeka anthu ambiri m'matauni monga Puerto Asís kapena San Vicente del Caguán. Mipata iyi, kuwonjezera pa kutumikira masewera osakhazikika, zakhala malo osonkhanirako omwe kale anali ankhondo, Atsogoleri a chikhalidwe cha anthu ndi achinyamata akukambirana za tsogolo la dera. “Amazon sangapitirize kuwonedwa ngati malo omenyana; Iyenera kukhala gawo la mwayi”, Diana akuti., yemwe kale anali zigawenga yemwe tsopano amagwirizanitsa maphunziro a chess mdera lake.

Zotsatira za zochitikazi zimapitirira zophiphiritsira.. M’madera amene maphunziro apamwamba ndi ochepa, Chess yaphatikizidwa m'mapulogalamu asukulu ngati chida chophunzitsira. Mu Superior Normal School of Florence, Mwachitsanzo, Dongosolo loyesa linakhazikitsidwa pomwe ophunzira amaphunzira masamu ndi malingaliro kudzera mumasewera. “Ana omwe amasewera chess amawongolera masamu ndi kuwerenga kwawo, koma amakulitsanso chifundo chachikulu ndi kulemekeza malamulo”, akuwonetsa lipoti lochokera ku Mlembi wa Maphunziro a Caquetá. Kwa omwe adamenya nawo nkhondo zakale omwe amachita nawo mapulogalamuwa, Kuphunzitsa ang'ono kwambiri kumakhala njira yowombola zakale ndikumanga cholowa chabwino.

Komabe, Vuto lobweretsa chess ku Amazon ndilocheperako. Mavuto a Logistics, monga kusowa kwa kulumikizana kapena kupezeka kochepa kwa zida, kukakamiza mabungwe kukhala opanga. Nthawi zina, Mapulaniwo amapangidwa kuchokera ku matabwa akumaloko, ndipo zidutswazo zasema ndi manja. “Kulibe malo ogulitsira chess kuno, kotero timachita zomwe tingathe ndi zomwe tili nazo”, Miguel akutero, msilikali wakale yemwe amatsogolera ntchito yopala matabwa ku La Variant. Kupirira uku, amafanana ndi anthu amene akhala m’nkhalango, Ndizofanana zomwe lero zimayendetsa kusintha kwa dera.

Chess ngati chida chokumbukira komanso mtsogolo

M'dziko lomwe kukumbukira mkangano kudakali kwatsopano, Chess yakhala mlatho pakati pa zakale ndi zam'tsogolo. Kwa ambiri omwe adamenya nawo nkhondo, Masewerawa ndi njira yosinthira zomwe takumana nazo popanda kuzunzidwa kapena kulemekeza nkhondo.. “ndikamasewera, Sindimaganizira zomwe ndinachita, koma zomwe ndingachite tsopano”, Ana akuwonetsera, membala wakale wa FARC yemwe lero ndi mphunzitsi wa chess pasukulu ina ku Villavicencio.

Ntchito ngati “Chess ndi Memory”, yoyendetsedwa ndi National Center of Historical Memory, iwo akuyang'ana ndendende zimenezo: gwiritsani ntchito masewerawa ngati chida chofotokozera mkanganowo mwanzeru. Kudzera mumasewera ammutu, pomwe chidutswa chilichonse chikuyimira wosewera pamkangano (zigawenga, asilikali, ozunzidwa, Boma), otenga nawo mbali amakonzanso zochitika zakale osati monga nkhondo zotsatizana, koma ngati bolodi pomwe kusuntha kulikonse kunali ndi zotsatira. “Ndi njira yomvetsetsa kuti nkhondoyi sinali masewera, koma mtendere ukhoza kukhalapo”, akufotokoza wotsogolera polojekiti.

Kwa mibadwo yatsopano, Chess ndi njira yothetsera chiwawa. M’madera amene ana anakulira amamva nkhani za nkhondo, masewerawa amawapatsa njira ina yothetsera mikangano. “Ana anga safunanso kukhala asilikali; akufuna kukhala akatswiri a chess”, Ricardo anatero monyadira., msilikali wakale yemwe lero akukhala ku ETCR ku Meta. Kusintha kwa chikhalidwe ichi mwina ndiye cholowa chofunikira kwambiri cha chess ku Amazon.: tsimikizirani zimenezo, ngakhale m’malo amene akhudzidwa kwambiri ndi chiwawa, n’zotheka kulingalira za tsogolo losiyana.

Komabe, Njirayi ilibe zotsutsana. M'madera ena, chess ikuwonekabe ndi kukayikira, zogwirizana ndi nkhaniyo “sewera” nzosagwirizana ndi kuopsa kwa mkanganowo. “Pali ena amene amati zimenezi n’zapamwamba, kuti choyamba tiyenera kuthetsa mavuto monga njala kapena chitetezo”, ndemanga mtsogoleri wa dera ku Guaviare. Koma amene amabetcherana pa chess amatsutsa kuti si kusankha pakati pa zomwe zili zachangu ndi zofunika., koma kumvetsetsa kuti mtendere umamangidwa pazigawo zingapo. “Chess sithetsa umphawi, koma zingasinthe mmene timadzionera tokha komanso anthu ena”, akumaliza.

Mapeto: kuposa masewera, mchitidwe wotsutsa

Chess ku Colombian Amazon ndi zambiri kuposa masewera kapena masewera: Ndi chizindikiro cha kupirira, ntchito yotsutsa mwamtendere ndi chida chomanganso chikhalidwe cha anthu. Kudzera mwa iye 64 casilas, omwe anali msilikali wakale, Ozunzidwa ndi madera onse akulembanso mbiri yawo, kuchoka ku mikangano kupita ku njira, kuyambira kukangana mpaka kukambitsirana. Masewera awa, ndi malamulo ake omveka bwino ndi kufunikira kwake kuganiza mozama, watsimikizira kukhala wothandizana naye mosayembekezereka pakupanga mtendere, kupereka osati kokha njira ina yachiwawa, komanso njira yatsopano yomvetsetsa dziko lapansi.

Zotsatira zake ndi zowoneka: kusintha kwa thanzi la maganizo a omwe adamenyana nawo kale, kuchepetsa kusalana, kupanga mwayi wa ntchito ndi, pamwamba pa zonse, kupanga malo omwe kusakhulupirirana kumabweretsa mgwirizano. Komabe, msewu uli kutali ndi wophweka. Kulimbikira kwa magulu ankhondo, kusowa kwa chuma ndi kutsutsa chikhalidwe ndi zopinga zomwe ziyenera kugonjetsedwa. Koma masewera aliwonse adaseweredwa kunkhalango, mpikisano uliwonse wokonzedwa mu ETCR, mwana aliyense amene amaphunzira kusuntha chiboliboli m'malo mogwira chida, Ndi chigonjetso mwa icho chokha..

Chess ku Amazon imatikumbutsa kuti mtendere sikungokhala kusakhalapo kwa nkhondo, koma kupezeka kwa mwayi, za kukambirana ndi kugawana maloto. M’dziko limene mikangano yasiya zipsera zazikulu, Masewera akalewa asanduka nyali yachiyembekezo, kutsimikizira izo, ngakhale m'malo amdima kwambiri, nkotheka kupeza kuwala. Kuitana, choncho, zikumveka: Tisapeputse mphamvu ya bolodi ndi 32 magawo. Chifukwa ku Colombia, monga mu chess, kusuntha kulikonse kumawerengera, ndipo tsogolo limamangidwa ndi luntha, chipiriro ndi, pamwamba pa zonse, ndi chikhumbo chofuna kusintha malamulo a masewerawo.