Chess ku Africa: chisinthiko, zovuta ndi tsogolo

Chess ku Africa ndi nkhani ya kukana, luso komanso kukula kwachete komwe kumatsutsa malingaliro adziko lonse lapansi. Pamene dziko likuyang'ana pa mphamvu zachikhalidwe monga Russia, India kapena China, Kontinenti ya Africa ikuwoneka ngati wosewera wamkulu pamasewera a chess, kusintha masewerawa kukhala chida chothandizira anthu, maphunziro ngakhale diplomacy. Koma, Kodi Africa idakwanitsa bwanji kuchoka pakukhala wowonera m'mphepete kupita ku protagonist yokhala ndi mawu ake padziko lonse lapansi?? Yankho siliri mumasewera kapena masanjidwe okha, koma mu chisinthiko chomwe chikuwonetsa zolimbana ndi zokhumba za anthu ake.

Nkhaniyi siyambira ndi ma board apamwamba kapena masukulu apamwamba, koma m’makwalala, sukulu ndi misasa ya anthu othawa kwawo, komwe chess idakhala chilankhulo chapadziko lonse lapansi kuthana ndi zovuta. Kuyambira m'makalabu oyamba ku Egypt ndi South Africa mpaka kukwera kwa ma prodigies ngati Bassem Amin kapena waku Ethiopia Lidet Haile, African chess yalemba nkhani yakeyake, umodzi wophatikiza miyambo, strategy ndi kulakalaka kwakukulu. Koma, Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zimene zachititsa kusinthaku?? Ndipo ndi maphunziro otani omwe angapereke kwa dziko lonse lapansi?

Zoyambira: masewera ochokera kunja omwe ali ndi mizu yake

Chess idafika ku Africa chifukwa cha atsamunda aku Europe komanso amalonda achi Arab., koma kukhazikitsidwa kwake sikunali kwachibwanabwana. M'mayiko ngati Egypt, masewera ophatikizidwa ndi olemera njira miyambo ya Ancient Egypt, pomwe masewera ngati *Senet* adawonetsa kale chidwi chambiri ndi machenjerero ndi malingaliro osamveka. Komabe, kwa zaka mazana ambiri, Chess ku Africa inali mwayi wa anthu osankhika akumatauni, kutali ndi unyinji. Izi zinayamba kusintha m’zaka za m’ma 1900, pamene ziwerengero ngati za ku South Africa David Friedgood - woyamba Grandmaster wa kontinenti - anaphwanya zotchinga ndikuwonetsa kuti talente inalibe malire.

Koma kusintha kwenikweni kunadza ndi decolonization. Maiko ngati Nigeria, Ghana ndi Kenya adawona chess ngati mwayi wopanga dziko komanso kulimbikitsa kuganiza mozama.. M'zaka 70 y 80, Mabungwe monga Nigeria adalimbikitsa mapulogalamu a sukulu omwe adabweretsa masewerawa kwa ana zikwizikwi, kuyala maziko am'badwo wa osewera omwe amapikisana nawo masiku ano padziko lonse lapansi. Njira yophunzitsira imeneyi sinangochitika mwangozi: Chess idawonedwa ngati chida chokulitsa luso lachidziwitso m'madera omwe mwayi wopeza maphunziro apamwamba unali wochepa.. Monga tafotokozera m'nkhani ya chess m'masukulu: tsogolo la maphunziro, masewera osati amaphunzitsa strategy, komanso chipiriro, kudzilanga ndi kupirira.

Kubadwanso: kuchokera kwa osadziwika mpaka apamwamba padziko lonse lapansi

Zaka za zana la 21 zidakhala zisanachitike komanso pambuyo pa African chess. Kulengedwa kwa African Chess Confederation (ACC) mu 1990 kuyesetsa kogwirizana ndikuthandizira kukhazikitsidwa kwa mpikisano wa kontinenti, monga iye Mpikisano wa African Chess, zomwe lero zimakopa mazana osewera kuchokera kuposa 40 mayiko. Koma kudumpha kwapamwamba kudabwera ndi kutuluka kwa ziwerengero ngati zaku Egypt Bassem Amin, amene mu 2015 Anakhala munthu woyamba ku Africa kupambana 2700 Elo points, chochitika chofunika kwambiri chimene chinalimbikitsa mbadwo watsopano. Amin sanangodziyimira pawokha chifukwa chamasewera ake aukali, koma chifukwa cha luso lake lopikisana ndi ambuye akuluakulu a ku Ulaya ndi Asia, kutsimikizira kuti Africa ikhoza kupanga talente yapamwamba padziko lonse lapansi.

Kubadwanso kwatsopano kumeneku sikuli kwa amuna okha. Masewera a chess ku Africa adakula kwambiri, ndi osewera ngati Tunisia Wafa Shrour kapena ku South Africa Jesse February kutsogolera gulu lomwe likufuna kuthetsa malingaliro a amuna ndi akazi. Ku kontinenti komwe akazi amakumana ndi zopinga zachikhalidwe komanso chikhalidwe, chess yakhala malo opatsa mphamvu. Monga momwe tafotokozera mu chess akazi: talente yomwe imathyola zotchinga, Osewerawa samangopikisana, koma amatsutsanso miyambo ndi njira zotseguka za mibadwo yamtsogolo.

Koma kupambana kwa chess yaku Africa sikungoyesedwa mu mendulo. M’maiko ngati Uganda, Masewerawa akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chida cholumikiziranso chikhalidwe cha ana omwe akhudzidwa ndi mikangano yankhondo. Mapulogalamu ngati Chess for Peace Amaphunzitsa achinyamata kutengera mphamvu zawo kudzera mu bolodi, kusintha chess kukhala chizindikiro cha chiyembekezo. Izi chikhalidwe gawo la masewera, kumene ndondomeko ikuphatikizidwa ndi zotsatira za anthu, Ndichitsanzo chomwe makontinenti ena amatha kutengera. Monga tafotokozera mu achire chess: momwe imapulumutsira miyoyo ya anthu m'ndende ndi zipatala, chess ili ndi mphamvu yochiritsa ndikumanganso.

Mavuto: zomangamanga, ndalama ndi kuwonekera

Ngakhale kupita patsogolo, Masewera a chess aku Africa amakumana ndi zopinga zazikulu. Kusowa kwa zomangamanga ndi chimodzi mwa zoonekeratu: mayiko ambiri alibe makalabu akatswiri, masukulu kapena ngakhale matabwa apamwamba ndi zidutswa. Kumidzi, osewera nthawi zambiri amasewera ndi zida zakumaloko, monga miyala kapena mbewu, kuchita. Kuchepa kwazinthu izi kumasiyana ndi zenizeni zamphamvu za chess monga Russia kapena India., kumene thandizo la boma ndi lachinsinsi liri lochuluka.

Kupeza ndalama ndi vuto lina lalikulu. Ali ku Europe kapena ku Asia othandizira amayika mamiliyoni pamipikisano ndi maphunziro a osewera, Mu Afirika chuma ndi chochepa. Izi zikutanthawuza kukhala mwayi wochepa wa luso la m'deralo kuti apikisane ndi mayiko ena., zomwe zimakulitsa kusiyana ndi madera ena. Komabe, zoyeserera monga Kasparov Foundation, zomwe zabweretsa mapulogalamu a chess kusukulu zamayiko ngati South Africa ndi Kenya, Amasonyeza kuti kusintha n'kotheka pamene pali chifuniro ndi mgwirizano.

Kuwoneka ndi vuto. Mosiyana ndi masewera ngati mpira, Masewera a chess aku Africa nthawi zambiri salandira kuulutsidwa kwa TV, kupangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kukopa osewera atsopano ndi othandizira. Mapulatifomu a digito ngati Chess.com o Lichess zathandiza demokalase kupeza masewera, koma kugawanika kwa digito m'madera ambiri a kontinenti kumakhalabe chopinga. Ngakhale zili choncho, kukula kwa malo ochezera a pa Intaneti, monga magulu a chess pama social network, ikulola osewera aku Africa kulumikizana ndi dziko ndikugawana zomwe akumana nazo.

Tsogolo: luso ndi kukulitsa

Tsogolo la chess ku Africa likulonjeza, koma pamafunika luso komanso masomphenya a nthawi yayitali. Chimodzi mwa mafungulo adzakhala kuphatikiza kwaukadaulo. M’maiko ngati Nigeria ndi Egypt, Mapulatifomu a digito akugwiritsidwa ntchito kale kuphunzitsa osewera achichepere, ndipo luntha lochita kupanga likuyamba kugwira nawo ntchito yophunzitsa talente. Monga kufufuzidwa mu chess ndi AI: momwe makina amafotokozeranso masewera, ukadaulo sikuti umangowonjezera magwiridwe antchito, koma zimapangitsanso kuti masewerawa athe kupezeka.

Gawo lina la mwayi ndikukula kwa chess yakusukulu. Maiko ngati Morocco ndi Algeria aphatikiza kale chess pamakalasi awo ophunzirira, kutsatira chitsanzo cha Armenia kapena Spain. Njira imeneyi sikuti imangowonjezera luso la kuzindikira kwa ophunzira, komanso amalimbikitsa makhalidwe monga kugwirira ntchito limodzi ndi kupirira. Ngati mayiko ambiri aku Africa adatengera chitsanzo ichi, Chess ikhoza kukhala phunziro lofunikira pakukula kwa mibadwo yatsopano.

Pomaliza, African chess iyenera kupitiliza kuyang'ana pamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Kontinentiyi ili ndi zikhalidwe zambiri, ndipo dera lirilonse liri ndi njira yake yomvetsetsa masewerawa. Kuchokera ku chess mumsewu m'mabwalo a Lagos kupita kumasewera am'mayunivesite aku Cairo, Chess ku Africa ndi osiyanasiyana monga anthu ake. Kondwerani izi zosiyanasiyana, m'malo mwa homogenizing izo, Zidzakhala zofunikira kuti masewerawa apitirize kukula ndi kusinthika.

Mapeto: gulu lovomerezeka

Kusintha kwa chess ku Africa ndi umboni wa momwe masewera akale angagwirizane ndi zovuta zamakono ndikukhala galimoto yosinthira chikhalidwe.. Kuyambira pachiyambi chake chocheperako monga chosangalatsa chapamwamba mpaka kusandutsidwa kwake kukhala chida chophunzitsira ndi chithandizo, chess yatsimikizira kukhala yochulukirapo kuposa masewera: Ndi chisonyezero cha kupirira, zilandiridwenso ndi chikhumbo cha kontinenti mu kuyenda mosalekeza.

Komabe, mseu udakali wautali. Kuti Africa iphatikize malo ake mu chess yapadziko lonse lapansi, Zidzakhala zofunikira kuthana ndi zopinga monga kusowa kwa zomangamanga, ndalama zochepa komanso zosawoneka bwino. Koma ngati mbiri ya African chess yasonyeza chirichonse, ndi chimenecho, akapatsidwa mwayi, kontinenti imadziwa kupezerapo mwayi. Mothandizidwa ndi mabungwe, maboma ndi mayiko, chess ku Africa sichidzangopitilira kukula, koma idzalimbikitsanso mibadwo yatsopano kuwona masewerawa ngati fanizo la moyo: masewera omwe kusuntha kulikonse kumafunikira, Njira iliyonse ndiyofunikira ndipo wosewera aliyense ali ndi kuthekera kosintha mbiri..

Bolodi ndi wokonzeka. Africa yayamba kale kusuntha. Tsopano ndi nthawi ya dziko kuti iyankhe..