botswana: alatu da dabarun, lu'u lu'u lu'u-lu'u

A cikin tsakiyar Afirka, inda Hamada ta Kalahari ta hade da zamani na daya daga cikin mafi daidaiton tattalin arziki a nahiyar, Botswana ta fito a matsayin wuri mara tsammani don alatu da dabaru. Gaborone, babban birnin ku, ba wai gidaje ne kawai ke haskawa a ƙarƙashin rana ta kudu ba, amma kuma al'adar da ke darajar tunani mai mahimmanci kamar wadatar lu'u-lu'u. Yaya dara-dare-wasan sarakuna da kwakwalwa-da masana'antar alatu suka hade a cikin wannan al'ummar?? Bayan stereotypes, Botswana tana ba da misali mai ban sha'awa: Kamar yadda duk wani motsi a kan allo yana buƙatar hangen nesa da jajircewa., Kasar ta gina ci gabanta da hakuri da hangen nesa. Wannan labarin yana bincika keɓancewar keɓaɓɓiyar, inda kyawun lu'u-lu'u ya hadu da madaidaicin tunanin ɗan adam, bayyana yadda Gaborone ya zama jirgi inda kayan alatu da dabaru ke yin wasa mara iyaka.

Chess a matsayin madubin al'umma mai dabaru

Botswana ba bakuwa ba ce ga dara. Daga makarantu zuwa kulake masu zaman kansu, Wannan tsohon wasan ya sami wuri a cikin al'adun gida, ba don nishaɗi kawai ba, amma a matsayin kayan aiki don haɓaka hankali. A cikin ƙasar da ilimi ke da fifiko - tare da yawan ilimin karatu sama da 88% -, Chess ana koyar da shi azaman horo wanda ke ƙarfafa tunani mai zurfi, haƙuri da ikon hango sakamakon. Shirye-shirye kamar *Hukumar Chess ta Botswana* sun kawo wasan ga al'ummomin karkara, tabbatar da hakan, kamar a kan allo, a rayuwa kowane yanke shawara yana da ƙima.

To amma me yasa wannan wasa ke kara tashi a cikin al'ummar da ta gina ci gabanta akan hakar lu'u-lu'u?? Amsar tana cikin ainihin yanayin dara.: wasan da kayan aiki - kamar guda - dole ne a sarrafa su cikin basira don samun nasara. botswana, sane da cewa ma'adinan ma'adinai ba su da iyaka, ya yi amfani da dabara irin wannan. Tun shekaru 70, gwamnati ta mayar da kudaden shigar lu'u-lu'u a cikin kayayyakin more rayuwa, ilimi da bambance-bambancen tattalin arziki, guje wa “la'anar albarkatu” wanda ya shafi sauran kasashen Afirka. Don haka, dara ya zama alamar yadda Botswana ta buga katunan ta - ko guntu-gunta - da wayo.

Ba Gaborone ba, Wannan dabarar tunani har ma yana bayyana a cikin ƙirar birane. birnin, daidai shirin, ya banbanta da hargitsin wasu manyan kasashen Afirka. Titunan sa oda, Wuraren shakatawa da ke da kyau da kuma gine-ginen zamani sune sakamakon hangen nesa na dogon lokaci, inda kowanne “motsi” -daga gina asibiti zuwa bude jami'a - ana ƙididdige su ne don haɓaka fa'idodin gama gari. nan, alatu ba wai kawai ba, amma 'ya'yan itacen ingantacciyar dabara.

Diamonds: alatu da ke ciyar da gaba

Lu'u-lu'u sune jigon tattalin arzikin Botswana. Tunda aka gano su a Orapa a 1967, Wadannan lu'ulu'u sun canza ƙasar daga ɗaya daga cikin ƙasashe mafi talauci a duniya zuwa ɗaya daga cikin mafi wadata a Afirka.. Amma sabanin sauran kasashe masu arzikin albarkatu, Botswana ta kaucewa fadawa tarkon dogaro. Maimakon ku bata ribarku, ya kirkiro samfurin kasuwanci na musamman: haɗin gwiwa tare da kamfanin *De Beers*, cewa tun 1969 yana aiki a cikin ƙasar ƙarƙashin wata yarjejeniya da ta ba da tabbacin cewa 80% na ribar tsaya a Botswana.

Wannan hanyar ta ba da damar lu'u-lu'u don ba da kuɗin alatu kawai - kamar keɓaɓɓun otal-otal na Gaborone ko boutiques na ƙirar ƙasa -, amma kuma ayyukan ci gaba masu dorewa. Misali, el *Diamond Technology Park*, kaddamar a 2016, Cibiyar kirkire-kirkire ce inda ake yanke lu'u-lu'u tare da tantancewa, samar da aikin yi da canja wurin fasaha. Bayan haka, gwamnati ta samar da kudade masu zaman kansu, kamar *Pula Fund*, don tabbatar da cewa al’ummar da za su zo su ma sun amfana da wannan arzikin.

Luxury a Botswana, saboda haka, Ba son rai ba ne, amma sakamakon dabarun tattalin arziki maras inganci. Yayin da wasu kasashen ke ganin albarkatunsu ya kare ba tare da barin wata alama ba, Botswana ta mayar da lu'ulu'unta zuwa gada. Ba Gaborone ba, Wannan yana fassara zuwa tayin alatu wanda ya wuce kayan.: daga safaris na alatu a cikin Okavango Delta zuwa spas ta amfani da samfuran gida, ƙasar tana siyar da ƙwarewa inda aka haɗa keɓancewa tare da sahihanci. nan, alatu ba kawai samun, amma *sanin* yadda ake jin dadin abinda kake dashi.

Gaborone: hukumar inda alatu da dabarun haduwa

Gaborone shine madaidaicin wuri don ganin yadda alatu da dabarun zama tare. birnin, kafa a 1964, An tsara ta ne don zama cibiyar gudanarwa da tattalin arzikin kasa, kuma a yau shine nunin wannan hangen nesa. Unguwar su, kamar *Central Business District* ko *Phakalane*, Suna kewayo daga skyscrapers tare da ra'ayoyi na panoramic zuwa keɓaɓɓen wuraren zama inda manyan gida da ƴan ƙasashen waje ke jin daɗin salon rayuwa.. Amma abin da ya sa Gaborone ta zama ta musamman ba yawan wadatar ta ba ce kawai, amma yadda aka haɗa shi da dabarun tunani.

Misali bayyananne shine *Gaborone International Finance Park*, hadaddun da ke jan hankalin kamfanoni na kasa da kasa godiya ga ingantaccen tsarin tsarinsa da kayan aikin farko. nan, alatu ba na daidaiku ba ne kawai, amma ga kamfanoni masu neman kwanciyar hankali da kyakkyawan yanayi. Hakazalika, el *Mall of Gaborone*, babbar cibiyar kasuwanci a kasar, ba wai kawai yana ba da samfuran alatu irin su *Louis Vuitton* ko *Rolex*, amma kuma wuri ne da ake karfafa kasuwancin gida, tare da shagunan sayar da sana'o'i da kayayyakin Botswana.

Amma watakila mafi kyawun misalin wannan haɗuwa tsakanin alatu da dabarun shine *Gaborone Sun*, otal mai tauraro biyar wanda ya shaida muhimman tattaunawar siyasa da tattalin arziki. A cikin zauren su, an rufe yarjejeniyoyin da suka tsara makomar kasar, tabbatar da hakan a Botswana, alatu ba ita ce iyaka ba, amma kayan aiki don cimma manyan manufofi. nan, Abincin dare a gidan cin abinci mai cin abinci ko wasan dara a cikin harabar ba kawai jin daɗi ba ne, amma damar kulla kawance da tsara tsare-tsare.

Nan gaba: Shin Botswana za ta iya ci gaba da wasanta na nasara?

Botswana ta nuna cewa mai yiyuwa ne a maida arzikin kasa zuwa ci gaba mai dorewa, amma nan gaba na haifar da sabbin kalubale. Masana'antar lu'u-lu'u, ko da yake har yanzu yana da ƙarfi, yana fuskantar matsin lamba daga gasa daga lu'u-lu'u na roba da canza buƙatun kasuwa. Bayan haka, dole ne kasar ta karkata akalar tattalin arzikinta domin rage dogaro da albarkatun ma'adinai, makasudin da aka riga aka fara aiwatarwa tare da saka hannun jari a sassa kamar yawon shakatawa, fasaha da noma.

A cikin wannan mahallin, dara ya sake zama misali mai amfani. Botswana dole ne ta yi hasashen motsin ta “abokan gaba” - rashin daidaituwar tattalin arziki, sauyin yanayi, gasar duniya-kuma daidaita dabarun ku. Misali, gwamnati ta kaddamar da ayyuka irin su *Vision 2036*, shirin da ke neman sauya kasar zuwa tattalin arziki bisa ilimi da kirkire-kirkire. Wannan ya haɗa da haɓaka farawar fasaha da jawo jari a cikin makamashi mai sabuntawa., wuraren da alatu da dabara za su iya sake haduwa.

Yawon shakatawa na alatu wani mabuɗin gaba ne. Tare da wurare irin su Okavango Delta - UNESCO ta ayyana Gidan Tarihi na Duniya - da Chobe National Park., Botswana tana da yuwuwar zama ma'auni don * balaguron ƙarewa *. Kamfanoni kamar *Wilderness Safaris* sun riga sun ba da ƙwarewa ta musamman, kamar jiragen balloon a kan delta ko abincin dare a ƙarƙashin taurari a tsakiyar savanna. Amma domin wannan fannin ya bunkasa, dole ne kasar ta ba da tabbacin samar da ababen more rayuwa - filayen jiragen sama, hanyoyi, otal-otal-zauna daidai da tsammanin mafi yawan matafiya.

Babban kalubale, duk da haka, zai kasance don kiyaye daidaito tsakanin alatu da daidaito. Botswana ta yi nasarar rage talauci da inganta al'amuran zamantakewa, amma rashin daidaito har yanzu matsala ce. Alatu ba zai iya zama na 'yan kaɗan ba; Dole ne ya zama injin da ke tafiyar da jin daɗin jama'a. A wannan ma'ana, darasi na karshe: a kan allo, kamar a rayuwa, nasara ba nasara ba ce kawai, amma don yin shi ta hanyar da duk ƴan wasa-ko ƴan ƙasa-masu amfana.

A karshen yini, Botswana tunatarwa ce cewa alatu da dabarun ba saɓanin ra'ayi ba ne, amma kari. Ba Gaborone ba, kowane yanke lu'u-lu'u, Kowane wasan dara da aka yi da kowane saka hannun jari ana motsawa ne a cikin babban wasa.: gina makoma inda wadata ba gata ba ne, amma sakamakon bayyananniyar hangen nesa da zartar da hukuncin kisa. Kasar ta nuna hakan, da hankali da hakuri, yana yiwuwa a canza albarkatun zuwa dama, da damar gado. Yanzu, kalubalen shine kiyaye wannan taki, tabbatar da cewa na gaba suma za su iya zama a teburin su yi wasansu.